牛津译林版 2020 必修一

Unit3   Integrated skills- Extended reading-Project 课中

一、重点词汇解析：

1. respect /rɪˈspekt/ vt. 尊重，尊敬n. 尊敬，敬意；重视

【原句背诵】

I must respect and support the choices he makes.

【联想拓展】

respect oneself   自重

a much loved and highly respected teacher 备受爱戴和尊敬的老师

in respect of   关于，涉及

with respect to 至于，关于

respect each other   相互尊重

have respect for   尊敬；重视；关心；考虑

show respect for   对……表示尊重

pay respect to   考虑；关心

pay one's respects to   向……致敬；尊敬……

in this respect   在这方面

in all respects   在各方面

in every respect   在每一方面；从各个方面

without respect to   不论，不顾       

【经典例句】

①She had always been honest with me, and I respect her for that. 她一直对我很诚实。我非常敬重她这一点。

②He doesn’t respect other people’s right to privacy. 他不尊重别人的隐私权。

③I want him to respect me as a career woman. 我要他把我作为一个职业女性来尊重。

④A deep mutual respect and understanding developed between them. 他们之间产生了深切的相互尊重和理解。

【翻译句子】

2. efficient /ɪˈfɪʃnt/ adj. 效率高的，有功效的

【原句背诵】

When he’s struggling with his schoolwork, I should do all I can to help him become a more efficient learner.

【联想拓展】

an efficient secretary 效率高的秘书

efficient heating equipment 效能好的供暖设备

the efficient use of energy 能源的有效利用

fuel-efficient cars (= that do not use much fuel) 节能汽车

efficiently adv. 有效地；高效地

a very efficiently organized event 组织效率极高的活动

efficiency n. 效能；效率；功效       

【经典例句】

①The creation of an efficient and sustainable transport system is critical. 一个高效而可持续发展的交通系统的创建是非常重要的。

②In essence, low-carbon economy is efficient usage of energy, development of clean energy and pursuit of green development. 低碳经济实际上就是有效利用能源，发展绿色能源，还有追求绿色发展。

【翻译句子】

3. measure /ˈmeʒəI/ vt. 估量，判定；测量；n. 措施；衡量

【原句背诵】

I’ll always value these qualities of a good friend and try to measure myself by these standards as our friendship develops.

【联想拓展】

measure sb/sth against sb/sth 使相比较

measure up (to sth/sb) 达到预期目标；符合标准

effective measure   有效措施

for good measure   作为额外增添；另外

made to one’s measure   定做的（衣服、鞋子等）

preventive measure   预防措施；防护措施

management measure   管理措施；管理办法

safety/security measure   安全措施

protective measure   保护措施

take measures to do sth. 采取措施做某事

【误区】当measure意思是“量度为”（指尺寸、长短、数量等）时，measure是不及物动词，不能用被动语态。

【经典例句】

①The main bedroom measures 12ft by 15ft. 主卧室宽12英尺，长15英尺。

②The pond measures about 2 metres across. 这个池塘宽约2米。

③I continued to measure his progress against the charts in the doctor’s office. 我继续根据医生办公室里的图表来估量他的进展。

【翻译句子】

4. reflection /rɪˈflekʃn/ n. 沉思；反射；映像；反映

【原句背诵】

As we walk the “path of life”, we may sometimes wish to be alone with our own thoughts, for quiet periods of reflection can lead to personal improvement.

【联想拓展】

on/upon reflection   经再三考虑

reflect on /upon 仔细考虑；反省；回顾

【经典例句】

①He admired his reflection in the mirror. 他欣赏着自己在镜中的影像。

②Your clothes are often a reflection of your personality. 穿着常常反映出一个人的个性。

③The increase in crime is a sad reflection on (= shows sthg. bad about) our society today. 犯罪的增加令人遗憾地反映了当今社会不太好的一面。

【翻译句子】

5. escape /ɪˈskeɪp/ vi. & vt. 逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘 n. 逃离，逃脱

【原句背诵】

However, when we seek to be alone, we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world.

【联想拓展】

（1）

seek (for) sth/sb 寻找

seek sth (from sb) （向人）请求，寻求

seek one’s fortune 闯世界；寻求发财机会

seek sth/sb out 挑选出；物色

hide and seek 捉迷藏

【误区】seek的过去式和过去分词是：sought, sought。

（2）

escape from vt. 逃脱

fire escape   太平梯，太平门；安全出口

narrow escape 九死一生，幸免于难；千钧一发

escape from freedom   逃离自由

escape behavior   逃避行为；避难行为

【误区】当escape意为“被忘掉；被忽视；未被注意”时，常用作及物动词，后面直接接宾语。

【经典例句】

①Her name escapes me (= I can’t remember it). 我记不起她的名字了。

②It might have escaped your notice, but I’m very busy at the moment. 也许你没注意到，可我此刻忙得不可开交。       

③We are currently seeking new ways of expanding our membership. 目前，我们正探索发展会员的新途径。

④She managed to calm him down and seek help from a neighbour. 她设法使他平静下来，然后向一位邻居求助。

⑤She managed to escape from the burning car. 她设法从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。

⑥There was no escaping the fact that he was overweight. 他身体超重这一事实是无法回避的。

【翻译句子】

6. comfort /ˈkʌmfət/ vt. 宽慰，抚慰 n. 舒服；安慰

【原句背诵】

Generally speaking, close friendships have three “fruits”: they may comfort the heart, advise the head and help us achieve the goals we set for ourselves.

【联想拓展】

to take/draw comfort from sb’s words 从某人的话中得到安慰

of comfort 安慰

material comforts (= money and possessions) 物质上的舒适条件（钱财）

comfortable adj. 舒适的；舒服的

comfortably adv. 舒服地；安乐地

【反义词】uncomfortable adj. 不舒服的；不安的       

【经典例句】

①Surely there is some way of ordering our busy lives so that we can live in comfort and find spiritual harmony too. 一定会有办法把我们繁忙的生活安排得既舒适又能找到内心平静。

②This will enable the audience to sit in comfort while watching the shows. 这能使观众看演出时舒服地坐着。

③The hotel offers a high standard of comfort and service. 这家旅馆提供高标准的舒适享受和优质服务。

【翻译句子】

7. failure /ˈfeɪljə(r)/ n. 失败；失败的人（或事）；未履行；故障 (39)

【原句背诵】

The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy, sadness, success and failure.

【拓展】

（1）

with/for joy 高兴地；愉快地

to one’s joy 让某人高兴的是

joyful adj. 令人高兴的；欢喜的

（2）

the failure of the United Nations to maintain food supplies 联合国未能维持粮食供应

patients suffering from heart/kidney, etc. failure 心脏、肾等衰竭的病人

【误区】当failure意为“失败的人（或事）”时，可以用作可数名词。

【经典例句】

①The whole thing was a complete failure. 整个事情彻底失败了。

②He was a failure as a teacher. 他当教师并不成功。        

③I didn’t expect them to jump for joy at the news (= to be very pleased). 没想到他们听到这消息高兴得跳了起来。

④Spending evenings outside is one of the joys of summer. 在户外消磨晚间时光是夏天的乐事之一。

⑤All my efforts ended in failure. 我的一切努力最后都无济于事。

【翻译句子】

8. indeed /ɪnˈdiːd/ adv. 其实，实际上；的确；真正地

【原句背诵】

Indeed, the human heart depends on such opportunities for comfort and protection.

【联想拓展】

actually adv. 实际上；事实上

as a matter of fact 实际上；事实上；其实       

【经典例句】

①It is indeed a remarkable achievement. 这的确是非凡的成就。

②I don't mind at all. Indeed, I would be delighted to help. 我根本不介意。其实，我倒很乐意帮上一把。

③"Did you know him?"—"I did indeed." “你认识他吗？”—“我确实认识他。”

【翻译句子】

9. admire /ədˈmaɪə(r)/ vt. 钦佩；欣赏 (41)

【原句背诵】

They admired each other and quickly became friends.

【联想拓展】

admire sb/sth (for sth)

admire sb (for doing sth) 钦佩；赞赏；仰慕

admirable adj. 可钦佩的；值得赞赏的；令人羡慕的

admiration n. 钦佩；赞赏；羡慕

to watch/gaze in admiration 赞赏地观看╱凝视着       

【经典例句】

①You have to admire the way he handled the situation. 你不得不佩服他处理这个局面的手段。

②The school is widely admired for its excellent teaching. 这所学校教学优秀，远近称誉。

③I don't agree with her, but I admire her for sticking to her principles. 我不同意她的意见，但是我赞赏她恪守原则。

【翻译句子】

二、话题写作

本单元的写作任务是描述一下好的朋友应具备的品质。写此类文章时，我们可以通过以下三个部分来写作：

第一部分：先总体介绍一个好的朋友应该是怎样的；

第二部分：然后再分别介绍一个好的朋友必须具备的几种品质；

第三部分：最后进行总结。

常用表达

1．In my opinion，a good friend should be...

2．From my point of view，a good friend is likely to...

3．Being honest is the first factor that a good friend...

4．Secondly，being generous is...

5．Lastly，being helpful is as important as...

6．Generally speaking，a good friend should have...

7．In a word，a good friend should...

[写作练习]

审题

写作要求是说明真正的朋友应具备的品质，写作时应注意下面几点：

1．确定文体：这是一封电子邮件。写作时应注意电子邮件的写作特点。

2．主体时态：文章应以一般现在时为主。

3．主体人称：由于是就对方的问题表达自己的看法，所以人称应该以第二人称和第三人称为主。

谋篇

第一段：开门见山，引入主题：给对方提建议；

第二段：提出具体的建议；

第三段：表达祝福。

核心词汇

连词成句

句式升级

连句成篇

用适当的过渡词语，把以上词汇和句式，再加上联想内容，组成一篇80词左右的英语短文。