牛津译林版 2020 必修一
Unit4 Grammar and usage 课前
一、 中英互译
1. memory
2. contribute
3.
4.
5. pressure
6. amount
7. negative
8.
9.
二、重点词汇解析与练习
1. pressure /ˈpreʃə(r)/ n.心理压力，紧张；压力；要求，催促(48)
【原句背诵】
One of the reasons why people fail to get a good night’s sleep is pressure from school or work.
【联想拓展】
put pressure on sb (to do sth) 强迫；促使；劝说
under pressure 在压力之下；承受压力
【误区】
pressure作动词时，意思是“迫使；使增压；施加压力；密封”。
【经典例句】
① He will never pressure you to get married. 他永远也不会给你施加压力让你结婚。
② The nurse applied pressure to his arm to stop the bleeding. 护士压住他的胳膊止血。
③ A band of high/low pressure is moving across the country. 一股高╱低气压正经过这个国家。
④ Teenagers may find it difficult to resist peer pressure. 青少年可能觉得很难抗拒同龄人的压力。
【语法填空】
2. contribute /kənˈtrɪbjuːt/ vi. & vt.是……的原因之一；捐赠，捐献；增加，添加
【原句背诵】
Noise pollution and light pollution in big cities may also contribute to sleep problems.
【联想拓展】
contribute to 促成，造成
contribution n. 贡献；捐献；投稿
to make a contribution to charity 给慈善事业捐款
contributor n. 贡献者；捐助者；投稿者
【误区】
在contribute to中，to是介词，后要接名词、代词或动词-ing。
【经典例句】
① I believe that each of us can contribute to the future of the world. 我相信我们每一个人都能为世界的未来做出贡献。
② We contributed ￡5 000 to the earthquake fund. 我们向地震基金捐赠了 5 000 英镑。
③ Human error may have been a contributing factor. 人为的失误可能是一个起作用的因素。
④ Immigrants have contributed to British culture in many ways. 移民在许多方面都对英国文化有所贡献。
【语法填空】
【知识点】 contribution 名词作宾语
3. attack /əˈtæk/ n.发作；攻击；抨击vt. & vi. 攻击；侵袭；抨击
【原句背诵】
In the short term, people with sleep problems often feel tired and have trouble concentrating. In the long term, they may be at increased risk of having a poor memory, being overweight and suffering a heart attack
【联想拓展】
make an attack on/upon…对……发动攻击
under attack 遭到袭击；遭到抨击
【经典例句】
① A woman was attacked and robbed by a gang of youths.一位妇女遭到一伙年轻人袭击和抢劫。
② The man attacked him with a knife. 那个男人持刀向他行凶。
③ Most dogs will not attack unless provoked. 大多数狗受到挑衅才会攻击。
【语法填空】
4. amount /əˈmaʊnt/ n.数量
【原句背诵】
Everyone knows that the amount of quality sleep (1) that/which we get is important to us.
【联想拓展】
large amount 大量；巨额；大批
a large/great amount of 大量的（接不可数名词）
small amount 小额；小批量
total amount 总数；总价；总计
【误区】
a large/good/huge/great amount of +不可数名词，表示“大量的”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数；
large/good/huge/great amounts of +不可数名词/可数名词复数，表示“大量的”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数。
【经典例句】
① A large amount of damage has been done by the earthquake. 地震造成了巨大的破坏。
② Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.建桥花了大量的钱。
③ We’ve had an enormous amount of help from people. 我们得到了人们大力帮助。
【语法填空】
【知识点】 可数名词的单复数
5. schedule / ˈskedʒuːl/ n.日程安排，工作计划；时间表
【原句背诵】
Try to stick to your sleep schedule at the weekend too, even though weekends are probably the time when you feel like a lie-in.
【联想拓展】
ahead of schedule提前/先于预定时间
behind schedule迟于预订时间
on schedule/on time按时；准时
be scheduled to do sthg. 预定/安排做某事
be scheduled for预定/安排在……
【经典例句】
① The new bridge has been finished two years ahead of schedule. 新桥提前两年落成。
② The tunnel project has already fallen behind schedule. 隧道工程已经晚了工期。
③ The new movie is scheduled to be released next month. 新电影预定在下个月发行。
④ The sports meet is scheduled for Friday afternoon. 运动会安排在礼拜五下午举行。
【语法填空】
6. negative /ˈneɡətɪv/ adj.消极的，负面的；坏的，有害的；否定的
【原句背诵】
These negative thoughts are one reason why you stay awake after the light goes off.
【联想拓展】
（反义词）positive adj. 积极的；正面的
【经典例句】
① The crisis had a negative effect on trade. 这次危机对贸易产生了很坏的影响。
② The whole experience was definitely more positive than negative. 整个经历当然是利多于弊。
【语法填空】
