①CO2甲烷化反应:CO2(g) +4H2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de4ac184aef047428370bf877105fa50.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff35e4e3cdc188643c46265591575c6.png)
②逆水煤气变换反应:CO2(g) + H2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de4ac184aef047428370bf877105fa50.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff35e4e3cdc188643c46265591575c6.png)
(1)写出CO甲烷化反应的热化学方程式:
(2)图甲是温度和压强对CO2平衡转化率影响的关系图。该实验条件下的压强有0.1MPa、3.0MPa、10.0MPa,图中a点压强为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/6/24/3008273601380352/3051583026872320/STEM/f41bf1f7c5014460af3f636f9f6f3868.png?resizew=435)
(3)图乙是反应条件对CO2甲烷化反应中CH4选择性影响的关系图。工业上一般选用的温度为400℃,则压强应选用
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/6/24/3008273601380352/3051583026872320/STEM/f378a532922542e0b356c95bd89118a4.png?resizew=349)
(4)450°C时,若在体积为1 L的恒容密闭容器中加入1 mol CO2和4 mol H2混合原料气只发生反应:CO2(g)+4H2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de4ac184aef047428370bf877105fa50.png)
(5)废气中的CO2可转化为甲醚(CH3OCH3),甲醚可用于制作甲醚燃料电池(如图丙),质子交换膜左右两侧溶液均为6 mol·L-1的H2SO4溶液。则电极d为
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/6/24/3008273601380352/3051583026872320/STEM/edbdff08ef4b4f54be070bd810db0eae.png?resizew=306)
相似题推荐
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/17/8370c6d5-61fa-413d-a030-8acd4181e585.png?resizew=426)
(1)研究温度对“降解”过程中有机物去除率的影响,实验在如图1所示的装置中进行。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/17/fa51811a-4fbb-415d-aafc-4312f9ab8e63.png?resizew=233)
①在不同温度下反应相同时间,发现温度从60℃升高到95℃时,有机物去除率从29%增大到58%,其可能的原因是:MnO2的氧化能力随温度升高而增强;
②废液因含有机物而呈现黑红色。有机物降解速率慢,难以观察气泡产生速率。降解一段时间,判断有机物浓度基本不变的依据是:三颈烧瓶内
(2)降解一段时间后,加入硫铁矿(主要成分FeS2)将剩余MnO2还原,所得溶液中的主要离子有Fe3+、Mn2+、SO42-等,其离子方程式为
(3)滤液若用足量高纯度MnO2再次氧化降解,改变条件,有机物去除率可达66%。反应后过滤,所得滤渣经洗涤后,在本实验流程中可用于
(4)MnSO4·H2O的溶解度曲线如图2所示。设计以过滤所得滤液为原料,进一步除去有机物等杂质并制取MnSO4·H2O晶体的实验方案:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/17/37db04d3-793a-490a-96e5-7fda3cc839c0.png?resizew=309)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
Ⅰ.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/710a14fe85925704bee8bf307a759127.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23894d1f84221171481d273ba8fd3927.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7eed0488e9e61e5aefe54e4523b44121.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/412c46b3298a740495aa101792b7643f.png)
(1)则
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/68a521f02b914a71e27b2d4da0856732.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/96d529dd8302544058eb2930a98a7d71.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4b2a6bc4b5ef80a57a78c144749392c.png)
Ⅱ.已知
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9f8cd10bb2c0bd02e4c3456610acf281.png)
(2)在恒温恒容的密闭容器中,对
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
A.增大原料气中
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/318ccbac784f7b83ec2ec7826294282a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
B.若混合气体的密度保持不变,说明反应体系已达平衡
C.体系达平衡后,若压缩容器容积,则反应平衡正向移动
(3)在均为2 L的恒容密闭容器a和b中分别投入2 mol
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2022/1/22/2899892917608448/2900541479378944/STEM/dc753328-2dfc-4e21-927f-b205e0c86b30.png?resizew=164)
①容器a中0~10 min氢气的平均反应速率
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dfab411f0ce80ee4eb5cdb1617cf5a5.png)
②若容器a、b中的反应温度分别为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/baa24a8004d0095ac9d9382113732970.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/85242e455a682eb4aa47abd6fb6af8fc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d2922ae637886073827dff8c97681427.png)
③若容器a中改变条件时,反应情况会由曲线a变为曲线c,则改变的单一条件可是
A.加入更高效的催化剂 B.升温 C.增大压强 D.分离出乙醇
④
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/baa24a8004d0095ac9d9382113732970.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/baa24a8004d0095ac9d9382113732970.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e9a430bc430e866648a9ba303156a1d.png)
(4)虽然由
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
(1)BD2的电子式为
(2)EAB2D4水溶液显酸性的原因是
(3)将等浓度等体积的EBC溶液和ABC溶液混合,所得混合溶液(呈碱性)中各微粒(水分子除外)浓度由大到小的顺序为
(4)A、B、D、E四种元素组成的某无机化合物,受热易分解。写出该化合物的溶液与足量的Ba(OH)2溶液反应的离子方程式
(5)常温下,测得X和Y的水溶液的pH均为5,则两种水溶液中由水电离出的H+浓度之比是
(6)在一个装有可移动活塞的密闭容器中进行如下可逆反应:C2(g)+3A2(g)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2018/12/13/2096022125764608/2099557637054464/STEM/5a14b66d59e9462db6c336b861e960b2.png?resizew=42)
(1)某学生为了探究锌与盐酸反应过程中的速率变化,在400mL稀盐酸中加入足量的锌粉,用排水集气法收集反应放出的氢气,实验记录如下(累计值):
时间/min | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 |
氢气体积/mL(标准状况) | 100 | 240 | 464 | 576 | 620 |
(2)另一学生为控制反应速率防止反应过快难以测量氢气体积,他事先在盐酸中加入等体积的下列溶液以减慢反应速率,你认为可行的是_______(填字母)。
A.蒸馏水 | B.KCl溶液 | C.KNO3溶液 | D.CuSO4溶液 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3e1a0cf60d2f98e0070d09deefe2df45.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/8/21/c55a4736-b5c2-4826-8ef6-f6d5b6819de7.jpg?resizew=336)
①比较P1、P2的大小关系:P1
②该反应的平衡常数K的表达式为
(4)汽车尾气里含有的NO气体是由于内燃机燃烧的高温引起氮气和氧气反应所致:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bce5a114863afae83cb90bbcd29ec431.png)
①若该反应是在恒容条件下进行,判断该反应达到平衡的标志为
A.消耗1molN2同时生成1molO2 B.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b4d5f968278a0b5bbb3e7fdf3b89fba3.png)
C.混合气体平均相对分子质量不变 D.混合气体密度不变
②将N2、O2的混合气体充入某密闭容器中,下图变化趋势正确的是
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/8/21/483e133a-6d7e-4781-8f6e-b1366753b02b.jpg?resizew=455)
反应①CO2(g) + 3H2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de4ac184aef047428370bf877105fa50.png)
反应②2CH3OH(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de4ac184aef047428370bf877105fa50.png)
反应③CO2(g) + H2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de4ac184aef047428370bf877105fa50.png)
请回答:
(1)CO2转化为二甲醚的反应原理为:反应④:2CO2(g) + 6H2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de4ac184aef047428370bf877105fa50.png)
(2)下列不能说明反应③在298K、恒容条件下达化学平衡状态的是
A.v正(H2)=v逆(H2O) |
B.n(CO2):n(H2):n(CO):n(H2O)=1:1:1:1 |
C.混合气体的密度不变 |
D.混合气体的平均相对分子质量不变 |
(3)写出反应②在500K时的平衡常数表达式:
(4)下图表示起始投料量H2/CO2=4时,反应③、④中CO2的平衡转化率随反应温度的变化关系图,根据图示回答下列问题:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2016/4/29/1576407493607424/1576407493836800/STEM/60bd0c8ce8594f2e8ebd9dc6ec511cea.png?resizew=441)
① △H3
②
③若起始投料量H2/CO2=4,起始温度为298K,反应④在503K时达到平衡,请在上图画出CO2转化率随温度升高的变化曲线。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9b0a6c15428939414834c004df67176f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1d4fb62d809cb43c9db4996658a310d4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/52d41e03ccd8e970a564b375047001d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1d4fb62d809cb43c9db4996658a310d4.png)
(1)该反应为吸热反应,则反应物的化学键断裂要吸收的能量
(2)下列可以说明该反应达到平衡的是___________。
A.![]() | B.![]() |
C.容器内气体的平均摩尔质量不再变化 | D.混合气体的密度不再变化 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5c4d9129b79ac985bc46c88b092aeb02.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1d4fb62d809cb43c9db4996658a310d4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/88b6f3b1ccb20174625567ce66fcff5d.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/8/4/4ed8ba7c-3f03-4c4a-9d33-6a19edb3feeb.png?resizew=363)
①在图中画出0~16min时间段内,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4529da4fc5cd4d2bd0bece1a39e1bf5b.png)
②1~4四个点中,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ade66a1a3e04214bae759ec19bdaf65e.png)
③反应进行到4min时,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1d4fb62d809cb43c9db4996658a310d4.png)
④下列措施能使该反应速率加快的是
A.增大容器体积 B.增大
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1d4fb62d809cb43c9db4996658a310d4.png)
(4)如图是氢氧燃料电池构造示意图:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/8/4/12644b32-7f82-4d59-9ace-bd9a396e8949.png?resizew=281)
该电池工作时,电流的流向为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9b95f65c2f85da791e2232efa832fc99.png)
(1)我国科研人员提出了反应的催化反应历程,该历程示意图如下所示。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/29/76efd017-d640-4240-a1c0-a350c316b9f6.png?resizew=585)
下列说法不正确的是
a.反应发生时,反应物化学键并没有全部断裂
b.使用催化效率更高的催化剂可以降低E值
c.①→②放出能量并形成了
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/74e872c3f859a69c79a595357887fe69.png)
d.“夺氢”过程中形成了
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eaf9218108afa2cf7d224c6e71a9bc9d.png)
(2)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6942ced48009542a05df878738149c32.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c424e9f778fdc2a13a59898ab0ccbbe3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a012f3af7a415d1e6aa0600bd4d35d4c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bcceacf3665e7e807b162ef8f86081fc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/db9ef98b758ca2e2ee0f682dca323848.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3f65f09c69fda8dec4e5f646392b6fff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1c39a90e0b34f130f6023035d7fed1ca.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b8c32bdb3869313279d770f43ba911b3.png)
①前两分钟乙酸的平均反应速率=
②若温度为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/75fdaa192f0623277463886f15a815c2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dbd2c341ea04af70fdd69f43e97142ae.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bcceacf3665e7e807b162ef8f86081fc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/46bb7f34262f1b3d824cad11ab6750eb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/75fdaa192f0623277463886f15a815c2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6942ced48009542a05df878738149c32.png)
(3)以二氧化钛表面覆盖
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2f5863dfc970d22b35a3412cd7afcb3b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/32da403373fcadd4c68d2ae1f28d9b54.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/29/db61167f-c6be-4142-8718-439149e78d74.png?resizew=324)
(4)某高校科研团队在实验时,发现在
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/42c6215a6555570ce2a969c7d63e7afd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/099cfcfa6e231a96f189c29aa2b418bc.png)
①下列有关制备乙酸的说法错误的是
a.选择合适催化剂可提高乙酸的产率
b.选择合适温度可提高催化剂的效率
c.增大投料时
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/305e75e9b6fb4fdd68295bbfca12c9ca.png)
d.及时分离出乙酸可提高乙酸的产率
②在温度为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f31c5d6fcf5c32e3992184fe54adcf42.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5b4e4b7510442a5ce8da7e15cfa3dcee.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0d602163a283a68b526d0bb4fd1cfe51.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b0f9ae194f3ddee698dc59604972d23d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e3095482e82687b739b0d36962f18c53.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e9a430bc430e866648a9ba303156a1d.png)
(1)如图表示金刚石、石墨在相关反应过程中的能量变化关系。写出石墨转化为金刚石的热化学方程式:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/5/29/2241a885-ac47-4381-ad4f-1441a194dcc3.png?resizew=304)
(2)CO与H2可在一定条件下反应生成燃料甲醇:CO(g)+2H2(g)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2019/9/29/2301310101127168/2301908040253440/STEM/fd4e3471ff58475e8a1140afe6287329.png?resizew=35)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/5/27/f3466c92-8203-415a-b6f6-e68265abb28c.png?resizew=398)
则温度为T1时该反应的平衡常数为
A.反应在2小时的时候混合气体的密度和相对分子质量均比1小时的大
B.反应在3小时的时候,v正(H2)=2v逆(CH3OH)
C.若其他条件不变,再充入6 mol H2,则最多可得到64 g CH3OH
D.其他条件不变,若最初加入的H2为2.4 mol,则达平衡时CO的转化率为50%
(3)工业中常用以下反应合成氨:N2(g)+3H2(g)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2019/9/29/2301310101127168/2301908040253440/STEM/fd4e3471ff58475e8a1140afe6287329.png?resizew=35)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/5/27/6840537b-e240-4736-b849-386b5a972e01.png?resizew=373)
【推荐3】近年来,磁性材料的研究备受国际磁学界的关注。Fe3O4具有许多优异的性能,在磁性材料等领域应用广泛。回答下列问题:
(1)以太阳能为热源分解Fe3O4,经由热化学铁氧化合物循环分解水制H2的过程如图所示。
已知:H2O(l)= H2(g)+O2(g)△H1+285.5kJ·mol-1
过程I:2 Fe3O4(s)⇌6 FeO (s)+O2(g)△H2=+313.2kJ•mol-1
则过程II的热化学方程式为
(2)磁铁矿(Fe3O4)是工业上冶炼铁的原料之一,发生的主要反应为Fe3O4(s)+4CO(g)⇌3Fe(s)+4CO2(g)△H <0,T℃ 时,在 1L 恒容密闭容器中加入Fe3O4、CO各0.5mol,5min反应达到平衡时,固体质量减小了6.4g。
①从起始到反应达到平衡时v(CO2)=
②欲提高该反应中 CO的平衡转化率,可采取的措施是
③其他条件不变时,该反应在不同温度下,CO2的产率随时间的变化α(CO2)~t曲线如图所示,温度T1、T2、T3由大到小的关系是
Ⅰ.在一定条件下A与B反应可生成C和D,其能量变化如图:
(2)能量高的物质相比于能量低的物质更
Ⅱ.原电池反应能够提供电能,如图是某原电池装置图。
(4)Cu棒上发生的电极反应式为
(5)溶液中H+向
(2)纯碱热溶液可代替洗涤剂洗涤油污,原因是(用离子方程式表示):
(3)FeCl3水溶液呈酸性,原因是(用离子方程式表示):
(4)在一定温度下,向AgI的饱和溶液中:(填“增大”、“减小”或“不变”)
①若加入AgNO3固体,c(I-)
②若加入更多的AgI固体,则c(Ag+)
③若加入固体AgBr,c(I-)
(5)若以铁棒、碳棒、导线和氯化铁溶液为用品设计原电池。负极材料为
(1)写出B的单核阴离子结构示意图
(2)A、B单质在高温下反应生成的液体M的结构式
(3)以C的一种单质为电极材料,写出用A、B的单质和KOH溶液构成的原电池的正、负极电极反应式,负极
(4)写出B、D的单质在加热条件下形成化合物的电子式