1 . Three types of memory
Some scientists believe that there are three types of memory—immediate, short-term and long-term.
Immediate memory holds information for less than a second, e.g. the name of a road you have just seen. Then it either forgets it or passes it into short-term memory.
Short-term memory can hold about seven items of information at a time, e.g. telephone numbers. It holds them for about 30 seconds. Then it either forgets them or passes them into long term memory.
Long-term memory can hold information for the whole of our lives. Some scientists believe that there are two types of long-term memory. One type remembers events, e.g. the Beijing 2008 Olympic Games. The other remembers knowledge, e.g. the names of countries or the meanings of words.
1. How many kinds of memories are there which are believed by some scientists?| A．Two. | B．Three. | C．Four. | D．Five. |
| A．Immediately memory. | B．Short-term memory. |
| C．Long-term memory. | D．Short-long-term memory. |
| A．30 seconds | B．30 minutes | C．30 days | D．30 weeks |
| A．a short period of time | B．a longer period of time |
| C．the whole of our lives | D．the half of our lives |
2 . The Kongming Lantern is very popular all over Asia. It is a kind of paper lantern with a closed top and a small candle inside. The candle heats the air inside the lantern and makes it rise. People use the Kongming Lantern on important days and during festivals.
During the time of the Three Kingdoms, Zhuge Liang used such lanterns to give signals in battles.
The Kongming Lantern led the invention of the hot-air balloon.
1. Where is the Kongming Lantern popular?| A．In Asia. | B．In South America. | C．In North America. | D．In Africa. |
| A．Silk. | B．Paper. | C．Metal. | D．Cloth. |
| A．All the year round. | B．When it is very dark. |
| C．On important days and during festival. | D．Where there is no sunlight. |
| A．aircrafts | B．spaceships | C．hot-air balloons | D．airplanes |
3 . There are forty-seven different kinds of kangaroos（袋 鼠）. The smallest are about a quarter of a metre long, the biggest are taller than a man.
Kangaroos have very long strong back legs. These are used for jumping. They also have long strong tails（尾巴）used for resting on. Kangaroos’ front legs are much shorter, and are almost like arms. Kangaroos’ heads are quite small, but their ears are quite large.
Mother kangaroos have a pocket at the front. They have one baby each year. When it is born, the baby kangaroo is straight（直接）into its mother’s pocket. The baby kangaroos stay there for six months.
The biggest kangaroos stand more than 2 metres tall, and their legs are so strong that they can jump more than 9 metres. They are very fast, and can travel at more than 50 kilometres an hour. They are very strong, but only eat fruit, leaves and grass.
1. How large are the biggest kangaroos?| A．Smaller than a man. | B．Taller than a man. |
| C．The same size as a man. | D．A quarter of a meter long. |
| A．They have short back legs. | B．They have long strong tails. |
| C．They have big heads. | D．They have large and long front legs. |
| A．One month. | B．Three months. | C．Six months. | D．Five months. |
| A．More than 2 metres. | B．More than 9 metres. |
| C．Less than 2 metres. | D．Less than 9 metres. |
| A．There are many kinds of kangaroos. | B．Kangaroos’ heads are as big as a man’s. |
| C．Each kangaroo has many babies every year. | D．Kangaroos like eating meat. |
4 . Last year, a group of elephants made a decision（决定）: go north! After months of traveling, they made it 500 kilometers away from their home in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan. And it seems that they are not going to stop their trip anytime soon.
“Asian elephants often stay in one place. We seldom see them travel such a long way,”said Chen Mingyong, a teacher at Yunnan University.
Scientists are still not sure why they are doing this. Some believe it’s because they are looking for better food. According to Zhao Huaidong from the International Fund for Animal Welfare, the number of Asian elephants is going up because of human protection efforts（努力）. So their old homes may not have enough food for them. At the same time, the crops（庄稼）, vegetables and fruit that people grow also make elephants more interested.
Another reason（原因）, according to Chen, is that they have lost their way.
1. Where does the group of elephants come from?| A．Guangxi. | B．Yunnan. | C．Sichuan. | D．Fujian. |
| A．reporter | B．traveller | C．teacher | D．scientist |
| A．they are looking for better food | B．they like vegetables and fruit |
| C．humans are protecting the elephants | D．the number of Asian elephants is falling |
| A．Humans. | B．Crops. | C．Travel. | D．Home. |
New rules make school better
In the photo, a girl at Xiaoyaojin Primary School in Hefei, Anhui province（省）wears a beautiful hat to welcome the start of the fall semester（学期）.
The new semester brings new changes（改变）. New rules are coming out to reduce pressure（减轻压力）on China’s primary and middle school students.
The good news（消息）for many students is that there will be fewer（更少的）exams. Junior school students will have midterms（期中考试）and final exams, but no weekly or monthly test. Also, a new after-school service（服务）will allow（允许）kids to wait for their parents to finish work. Their parents can then pick them up from school.
1. How is the girl’s hat?2. Why does the girl wear the hat?
3. What’s the good news for many students?
4. What will allow kids to wait for their parents to finish work?
5. Are the students happy because of（由于）these new rules?
School Rules
Welcome to Star School, everyone! Today is your first day in our school. I’ll tell you our school rules. There are rules of three aspects(方面) in our school. All of you should know them. First, every student has to wear a uniform at school. Students should wear sports shoes for P.E. class and should not wear hats in class. Second, students have to have lunch in the dining hall. Anyone can’t eat in the classrooms or outside. Then, here comes the rule about cleaning the classroom. Students should clean the classroom after school every afternoon. And before leaving the classroom, you should make sure the lights are off. That’s all. Wish you all a happy time in Star School!
Clothes | Wear a Wear Do not wear hats in class. |
| Have lunch in the Do not eat in the classroom or outside. | |
Cleaning the classroom | Clean the classroom Make sure the lights are off before leaving the classroom. |
Everyone has their favorite food. Some might love chocolate. Some might love potato chips. Think about your favorite food. Have you ever wondered why your favorite food tastes so delicious? The answer is about your tongue（舌头）and nose. There are some taste buds（味蕾）on your tongue. They give you the sense of taste. How do the taste buds work? In fact, there are many tiny hairs on the taste buds. These tiny hairs send messages to your brain about how something tastes. In this way, you know whether it is sweet, sour, bitter or salty.
A person has about 10,000 taste buds. They keep working all the time when we enjoy our food. The taste buds don’t always stay the same. They are replaced（更新）every two weeks or so.
However, as a person gets older, some of these taste buds don’t get replaced. The old may only have 5,000 working taste buds. That’s why some foods may taste stronger for you than they do for the old.
Besides your tongue, your nose also helps you learn about the taste of food. Sometimes, strong smells can even confuse（使困惑）your sense of taste. Try holding an onion under your nose while eating an apple. What do you taste?
So next time you enjoy salty pizza and sweet ice cream, thank your tongue and your nose. Without them, you won’t have any sense of taste at all. Without the sense of taste, life will be boring.
1. Why does your favorite food taste good?2. How do the taste buds work according to the passage?
3. How often are the taste buds replaced?
4. Does only your tongue help you learn about the taste of food?
5. How will people feel if they don’t have the sense of taste?
8 . People have always been interested in animal communication and scientists have done a lot of research on this subject.
Most animals communicate by smell. Dogs are famous for this. When a dog walks outside, it learns about other dogs by smelling things. Dogs have helped the police (A) ________ a long time, too. They can find missing(失踪的) people by using their fantastic sense of smell. Mice have an excellent sense of smell, too. Scientists have even trained them to find landmines. Scientists have discovered that even ants smell. They use smell to tell other ants(B) 食物在哪里.
①Research has shown that many other animals use sound to communicate. Frogs and insects communicate with sounds. Usually the “gentlemen” make sounds to invite the “ladies”. ②
(C) Whales and elephants also use sound to communicate. These sounds can travel very far through water or the ground. ③However, it is not possible for humans to hear some of the sounds. They are either too low or too high for us.
Animals have always used body language to communicate as well. When a cat puts its ears back, it is a bit mad. When (D) ________ sits with its tail around itself, it is happy. When a dog puts its tail under its body, it is scared. When it wags its tail and opens its mouth, it is happy.
1. 在文中(A) 和(D) 的空白处填入适当的单词：2. 将文中画线部分(B) 译成英语：
3. 将文中画线部分(C) 改写为：Sound
4. 在文中①②③选出能够填入“Everyone has heard birds singing.”的位置：
5. 从文中找出能说明本文主旨大意的短语：
After deciding to move into a new house, Liu Zhen, a full-time mother in Beijing, brought in a home organizer. As a result, she threw away 50 percent of her clothes, shoes and books. “The process of tidying up my house brought peace to me and made me feel organized at heart,” she said.
Like Liu, more Chinese people have started to ask for help from home organizers to follow simple lifestyles, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. Having a comfortable living environment became more necessary for people who were driven to work at home.
Yezi, 27, has loved organizing things since she was a child. Although other children would like to throw their schoolbags on the floor and run out to play with their friends, Yezi preferred to put her books and pencil box on the desk and help her mother fold shirts.
Today Yezi still practices tidying up in her own life. She thinks it has quite a few advantages. It helps people look into themselves by reviewing their lives. It brings beauty to one’s living space. It’s also a way to improve relationships between people.
Did Yezi face any difficulties while organizing things? Yes. It is a tradition to treasure things in China. Most people are not in the habit of throwing away useless things. “I’m trying to get people out of it,” Yezi added.
1. How did Liu Zhen feel about tidying up?2. Why do people ask for help from home organizers?
3. When did Yezi start to organize things?
4. How many advantages of tidying up are mentioned by Yezi in Paragraph 4?
5. What is most Chinese people’s habit?
What do you think of when you hear the word “sea”? Clear blue water? Actually, that is just part of the sea, which is very deep. Scientists divide the sea into different parts. The part below 200 meters is the deep sea. The deep sea is very different from the part at the top.
Many sea animals live in the first 200 meters of the sea. That is the top part of the sea. Light can go through this part. Below 200 meters, there is little light there. Below 1, 000 meters, the sea is completely dark. At the same time, it is cold in the deep sea. The temperature is between 0℃ and 3℃ there. And water is heavy. The deeper you go, the more pressure there is. Now, we humans still know little about the deep sea. ________ But one thing is clear: the deep sea is one of the most fantastic places on our planet.
In the deep sea, there are lots of fantastic animals. Some of them can make their own light. The light helps them to find their way and get food. Also, the deep sea is rich in resources (资源). It also plays an important role in influencing the earth’s weather and climate (气候).
1. Light can go through ________ of the sea.| A．the first 200 meters | B．the first 400 meters |
| C．the first 1000 meters | D．all different parts |
| A．-2 | B．2 | C．6 | D．8 |
| A．Someone even says we know more about the sun than about the moon. |
| B．Someone even says we know more about the moon than about the sun. |
| C．Someone even says we know more about the moon than about the deep sea |
| D．Someone even says we know more about the deep sea than about the moon. |
| A．The deep sea is the same as the part at the top. |
| B．The deep sea is very dark and doesn’t have any pressure. |
| C．The deep sea is one of the most fantastic places on our planet. |
| D．None of the animals in the deep sea can make their own light. |
| A．pressure and surface | B．surface and climate |
| C．weather and pressure | D．weather and climate |
