B：
A：I's about a strange travel to Mars.
B：
A：Of course, we can go there by spaceship. But I don't believe we can live there.
B：Neither do I. Because the gravity on the surface of Mars is not so strong as it is on the earth. We can hardly stand there.
A：What's more,
B：And sometimes it's really very cold.
A：But maybe people can spend their holidays there in the future.
B：
A：About eight months.
B：That's really along way. I wish
2 . What's a spacewalk? Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft (航天器) while in space, it is called a spacewalk. Astronauts go on spacewalks for many reasons. For example, experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects ( 影响) different things. By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix.
When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe. Inside spacesuits, astronauts have the oxygen (氧气) they need to breathe and the water they need to drink. To keep the astronauts and the spacecraft safe, the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through a special door. When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spacecraft. Tethers are like ropes, connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft. They keep astronauts from floating (漂浮) away into space. Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER. SAFER is worn like a backpack. It helps an astronaut move around in space.
How do astronauts train for spacewalks? One way is by going for a swim. Floating in space is a lot like floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pool. For every one hour they will spend on a spacewalk, astronauts need to train seven hours in the pool. Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality(虚拟现实). It looks and feels just like a spacewalk.
Today, only three countries have finished spacewalks independently. They are Russia, the United States and China. The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia. Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese astronaut to go on a spacewalk. The world record of spacewalks is held by Russian astronaut Anatoly Solovyev. He has been on 16 spacewalks and spent more than 82 hours outside in space.
1. About the spacewalk, we can know ____________.| A．some things can be fixed by astronauts during spacewalks |
| B．all experiments must be placed on the outside of a spacecraft |
| C．an astronaut can get out of a spacecraft any time while in space |
| A．It keeps an astronaut from floating away into space. |
| B．It helps an astronaut move around in space. |
| C．It helps an astronaut have the oxygen to breathe and the water to drink. |
| A．spacewalkers | B．tethers | C．spaceship |
| A．floating in space | B．using virtual reality | C．training in water in a common swimming pool |
| A．16hours | B．more than 80 hours | C．more than 82 hours |
3 . When it comes to long-distance space travel, the biggest problem is that spaceships can only get as far as the fuel onboard allows. In 1964, a British writer Clarke came up with the idea of “solar sailing” in his science fiction. He wrote of large, mirror-like sails that collect power from the sun and free spaceships from the limitation of fuel.
This sci-fi idea was first successful brought to reality in 2010 by Japan’s IKAROS satellite. Ever since then, the technology has improved mission by mission, with the latest being NASA’s Advanced Composite Solar Sail 3(ACS3). NASA has recently announced that it’s going to team up with Lithuania’s satellite-building company NanoAvionics to test its new sail in Low-Earth Orbit.
To many, a solar sail may look like a giant solar panel, but it actually works very differently. While solar panels take in energy from the sun and change it into power, solar sails use Photons given off by the sun to create direct power. Besides, solar panels are big and heavy to carry, while solar sails are just the opposite.
According to Abbott, the CEO of NanoAvionics, the upcoming Low-Earth Orbit trial with NASA, if successful, will be followed with deep-space missions that involve larger solar sails. These are ideal for low-cost and long-distance space travel because fuel will no longer be a problem.
“It started as a sci-fi dream,” Popular Mechanics reporter Jennifer Leman wrote. “Now it could be the future of space flight.”
1. What can we say about solar sailing according to the first two paragraphs?| A．It was widely used in space travel. |
| B．It was tried by IKAROS satellite. |
| C．It was from the creative idea by Clarke. |
| A．Big and heavy. | B．Small and light. | C．Powerful and large. |
| A．Larger solar sails. | B．Deep-space missions. | C．Long-distance space flights. |
| A．Solar Sail: the Latest Technology |
| B．Solar Sail: from Dream to Reality |
| C．Solar Sail: a New Kind of Spaceship |
The third long March-5 rocket, China's largest carrier rocket was
The Long March-5 rocket made its first flight on Nov.3, 2016 from Wenchang. However, the
Qu Yiguang, director of the Long March-5 Y3 research team, said, “Under great pressure, the research team has put all the efforts into the rocket over the past two years. We are very
Since the Long March-1 sent China’s first satellite into space 50 years ago, the Long March series rockets
5 . Mission to Mars
On July 4, 1997, space exploration took a huge step. On that day, a spacecraft called Pathfinder landed on Mars. The National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) sent Pathfinder to discover new information about the Red Planet.
The mission was a complete success. After landing, Pathfinder sent a small rover (漫游机器人), Sojourner, onto the planet's surface. Sojourner explored more than 250 square meters of Mars. Together, designed Sojourner to last for only seven days, but little vehicle ran twelve times longer! Pathfinder surprised scientists, too. It sent back information for almost three months. That was three times longer than it was built to last.
Because Pathfinder and Sojourner ran for so long, scientists got more information than they ever dreamed of getting. For one thing, they discovered that Mars is very sandy. Pictures of sand dunes around the land site hint that Mars once had water. Scientists know that water means life. Was there ever life on Mars? We don't know yet. In addition, the Pathfinder mission told scientists that Mars is dusty. Huge "dust devils" on Mars spit enormous amounts of dust into the Martian air. Pathfinder also discovered frosty Martian temperatures at 200 degrees below zero Fahrenheit. At that temperature, a glass of water would freeze solid in just a few seconds.
In October, scientists lost Pathfinder's signal because the spacecraft's battery had run down. They tried to revive the signal but had no luck. The mission officially ended on November 4.
Scientists hope to use the knowledge from these missions to better understand how life on earth began. They will also use it to plan future Mars missions.
1. What did NASA do to get information about Mars?| A．NASA sent the spacecraft Sojourner to Mars. |
| B．NASA sent engineers on a three-month space mission. |
| C．NASA sent the spacecraft Pathfinder to Mars. |
| D．NASA sent astronauts to run tests for seven days. |
| A．Scientists found out that Mars is very cold and dusty. |
| B．Scientists got more information than they ever dreamed of getting. |
| C．Scientists learned that Mars definitely had water at one time. |
| D．Scientists found out that there was once life on Mars. |
| A．dust devils on Mars made the photographs hard to see. |
| B．Martian temperatures caused Pathfinder's battery to fail. |
| C．scientists suspect that life on Earth began on Mars. |
| D．scientists will look for signs that life existed on Mars. |
6 . Imagine you are taking a bus home at night. Suddenly your cellphone loses its signal. The television on the bus has no programs. Everything around us black-except for some strange colorful lights dancing in the sky. What is going on?
These are just the kinds of problems a solar storm might cause. Solar storms happen when solar flares (耀斑)break from the sun and travel towards Earth quickly. Actually, since Sept.4, 2017, the sun has burst out two big solar flares, the most powerful ones since at least 2008 according to NASA. They hit Earth on Sept.7.
Normally, Earth is protected by its magnetic field (磁场). But when strong solar storm mix with it, things change. On the one hand, the colourful lights of the aurora (极光)can be seen from the US and Europe, rather than just from polar (极地的)areas. But on the other hand, the storms can stop the satellite systems that control our computers, cell phones and GPS. They can even cause blackouts (断电) for weeks or months.
, but they can put astronauts in danger. Spacewalking astronauts might have only minutes to hide. For this reason, NASA never plans spacewalks during solar storms.
Scientists now have a new tool called EEGGL, which can predict solar storms and hopefully give us warnings when they arrive. As for the recent storm, scientists say it is still too early to know its effect on our technology. They are closely watching for any long-term effects.
1. A solar storm might cause problems EXCEPT that ______.| A．the cell phone loses its signals | B．we get hurt in the eyes suddenly |
| C．we have no TV programs | D．everything around turns black |
| A．Solar storms happen when solar flares travel toward the sun quickly. |
| B．The aurora can only be seen from polar areas during a solar storm. |
| C．Satellite systems can't work unless they're connected with solar storms. |
| D．It took two solar flares 3 days to come to Earth in September, 2017. |
| A．Solar storms are good for people on the ground |
| B．Solar storms have great effect on people on Earth |
| C．Solar storms hardly harm people on the ground |
| D．Solar storms can harm people on Earth seriously |
| A．angry | B．serious | C．crazy | D．happy |
7 . Many people know that rubbish is a big problem on planet Earth. What many people don't know is that junk has become a problem in outer space too.
According to BBC News, there are more than 22, 000 pieces of space junk floating around the earth. And these are just the things that we can see from the surface of the earth by telescopes (望远镜). There are also millions of smaller pieces of junk that we can't see.
Objects, like bits of old space rockets or satellites, move around the planet at very high speeds, so fast that even a very small piece can break important satellites or become dangerous to astronauts. If the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship, it could damage the vehicle (交通工具).
To make things worse, when two objects in space crash, they break into many smaller pieces. For example, when a U. S. satellite hit an old Russian rocket in 2009, it broke into more than 2,000 pieces, increasing the amount of space junk.
To reduce additional space junk, countries have agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most. Each tool must be built to fall safely into the earth's atmosphere after that time. In the upper parts of the atmosphere, it will burn up.
Many scientists are also suggesting different ways to clean up space junk. In England scientists are testing a metal net that can be fired into space junk. The net catches the junk and then pulls it into the earth's atmosphere to burn up. The Germans are building robots that can collect pieces of space junk and bring them back to Earth to be safely destroyed.
"The problem is becoming more challenging because we're sending more objects into space to help people use their mobile phones and computers," says Marco Castronuovo, an Italian space researcher.
"The time to act is now. The longer we leave the problem, the bigger it will become," he says.
1. Junk has become a problem in2. What would happen if the tiniest piece of junk crashed into a spaceship?
3. Why have countries agreed that all new space tools can only stay in space for 25 years at most?
4. 找出并写下第六段的主题句
5. 将文中画线句子译成汉语。
8 . Astronauts go on spacewalks for many reasons. Spacewalks let astronauts work outside their spaceship while still in space. Astronauts can do science experiments on a spacewalk. Experiments can be placed on the outside of a spaceship. This lets scientists learn how being in space influences different things. Spacewalks also let astronauts repair satellites or spaceship that are in space. By going on spacewalks, astronauts can fix things instead of bringing them back to Earth to fix.
When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe. Inside spacesuits, astronauts have the oxygen（氧气）they need to breathe. They have the water they need to drink.
Astronauts put on their spacesuits several hours before a spacewalk. They leave the spaceship through a special door called an airlock. The airlock has two doors. When astronauts get ready to go on a spacewalk, they go through the first door and lock it tight behind them. They can then open the second door without any air getting out of the spaceship. After the spacewalk, astronauts go back inside through the airlock.
When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers to stay close to their spaceship. One end is tied to the spacewalker. The other end is connected to the spaceship. The safety tethers keep astronauts from flying away into space.
1. What is one kind of important work that astronauts do during spacewalks?| A．Watching the earth from the space. | B．Wearing spacesuits to keep warm. |
| C．Making repairs to objects. | D．Doing tests on their bodies. |
①lock the first door tight ②put on their spacesuits
③go through the first door ④open the second door
| A．②④③① | B．①②③④ | C．②③①④ | D．③①②④ |
| A．绳；链 | B．工具 | C．措施 | D．头盔 |
| A．Astronauts wear spacesuits to breathe and move in space. |
| B．Astronauts need special machines to study other space. |
| C．Astronauts do important experiments in space. |
| D．Astronauts have special tools to stay safe and work in space. |
9 . Stop reading for a minute and think about what you see when you look up at the sky on a clear night. You probably see many stars. Long long ago, farmers watched some stars to know when to plant their crops. Travelers did so to find their way in the dark.
Today stars are still important to some people. Scientists find that most stars are very big. Actually, some stars are so far away that it would take millions of years to get to them even by spaceship. Another thing we know today about stars is that some are made up of (由…组成) hot gases (气体). The gases are so hot that they send out light. If you watch a star carefully, you may notice that it twinkles (闪烁) sometimes. As you may understand, light from a star must shine through the air before you can see the star. Air is always moving, it makes light from the star move back and forth. When the light moves, it makes the star twinkle. Stars also have different colors. The colors of a star depend on how hot it is. To our surprise, the cool stars are red and the hottest stars are white.
1. Farmers watched stars to ________.| A．find their way in the dark | B．know when to plant crops |
| C．travel by spaceship | D．know more about stars |
| A．hot | B．cold | C．warm | D．cool |
| A．向左 | B．向右 | C．向前 | D．向后 |
| A．Its light travels through the moving air. | B．Its light is too bright. |
| C．It is made up of hot gases. | D．It is too dark. |
| A．Today stars are not important to people at all. |
| B．It takes us a short time to get to the stars by spaceship. |
| C．You can see the star before it shines through the air. |
| D．Not all stars are made up of hot gases. |
10 . (A)Five hundred kilometers’ over Europe, Ship OM-45 moved north. In a room at the back of the ship. Kiah
“Time for dinner,” Rilla said.
The numbers changed
“What’s wrong
“Nothing’s wrong with the satellite,”Kiah answered quietly. “It’s the AOL.” He began
