1 . Everyone needs to be safe, loved and to have a sense of belonging. These are inborn and natural basic needs. In an effort to have these needs satisfied, many of us tend to please others. And it works for a while. We find that we experience less conflict (冲突) with others, but the conflict within ourselves grows. Saying “ no ” produces feeling of guilt (内疚) and saying “ yes ” brings anger.
My father was in the military, so we often moved. Being shy, I didn’t make friends. What’s more, I grew up in a household where grades, image and how others saw our family were very important. In our household a “ C ” was unacceptable, a “ B ” should have been an “ A ” and an “ A ” meant the lesson was too easy. I was too thin, my sister was too fat and my brother’s lips and ears were too big for his tiny head.
To stop pleasing others is easier said than done. It’s a long process, one in which I am consistently working to perfect. The turning point for me came shortly after I got married. The very first thing that we did to end the cycle of pleasing others was developing our own identity as independent human beings and then as a couple. And then we developed a strong set of core (核心) values and a vision for our future. The third and one of the most valuable things we did during this process was developing our own personal influence on others and we valued deeply the opinions of the wiser and more successful people around us.
Besides, we should understand that sometimes helping people at once actually hurts them. The struggle is necessary to success. The struggle strengthens character, making people determined. So sometimes allowing people to struggle is the best thing you can do for them.
1. How are we likely to feel when pleasing others?| A．Angry | B．Satisfied. | C．Guilty | D．Happy |
| A．He grew up doing a lot of housework. | B．It was hard for him to adapt to the moving life. |
| C．He realized the value of opinions from others. | D．His parents had great expectations of the children. |
| A．What steps the author took to go on pleasing others. |
| B．Why the author further developed his values and character. |
| C．How the author stepped out of the cycle of pleasing others. |
| D．When the author turned to others for their valuable opinions. |
| A．Helping others at once. | B．Thinking twice before offering help. |
| C．Refusing to help others. | D．Leaving someone in trouble alone. |
2 . In 2004, Pen Hadow became the first person to trek (跋涉) to the North Pole alone, without being resupplied on the way. That meant swimming through unimaginably cold waters, and risking encounters with polar bears. Just eight months later, he made a similar trip to the South Pole. Now he is back in the Arctic again, preparing for an expedition (远征) he says is even more ambitious. Explorers are confident, driven individuals. They have to be. This time, however, more significance is attached. Pen and two colleagues will set out on a three-month, 1000-kilometre trek to the North Pole, taking detailed measurements of the thickness and density of the ice. Nobody has ever done this before, and he knows the results will be of vital significance to the scientific community. This will be the truest picture yet of what global warming is doing to the ice that covers the polar region.
Pen and his wife, Mary, live in the country with their two children. “It’s much harder to be away from them this time,” he admits. They were one and five when I last went, and I made a mistake in the way I said goodbye. I thought it would be a good idea to say to my son, “You’re the man of the house now, look after your mum and your sister.” He absolutely took it to heart, asking his mum how she was all the time, but the stress eventually became too much. While it was well intentioned, it was an unfair thing to do.
He is spending these last days before departure preparing his things. “Out on the ice, one is virtually unable to mend things or do anything that isn’t absolutely straightforward,” he says. With him will be Ann Daniels, one of the world’s leading polar explorers, and the photographer, Martin Hartley. They will be supported by a crew of six, flying in supplies. Being part of a team is actually more stressful to someone with his mentality, says Pen, and something else is on his mind too. “I’m going to be 47 on Thursday. I’ve done far less training than I’m comfortable with.” Why? “Organisational things always seem more urgent. So I’m almost fearful of what I’m going to ask of myself.”
Pen believes his mission reconnects exploration with the search for knowledge that drove previous generations into the unknown. “Making it to the North Pole was a personal ambition,’”he admits, “and of limited value to anyone beyond the polar adventuring community. This time, scientists will profit from the data, and we’re creating a platform in which to engage as many people as possible in what’s happening in the Arctic Ocean. This is important work, and nobody can do it but us,” he says. “Our skills, which are otherwise not that necessary, have become really relevant. Suddenly, we’re socially useful again.”
1. In the first paragraph, what do we learn about Pen Hadow’s opinion of the new expedition?| A．He feels certain that it will be stressful. |
| B．He is aware of the huge importance of its aims. |
| C．He thinks it may be harder than his previous journeys. |
| D．He is less than confident of the scientific work it involves. |
| A．He started to feel unwell. | B．He memorised his father’s words. |
| C．He was afraid of the responsibility. | D．He carried out his father’s words carefully. |
| A．Whether he will be mentally prepared |
| B．Whether he will still be fit enough to take part. |
| C．Whether the arrangements he has made will turn out well. |
| D．Whether the equipment will work properly in icy conditions. |
| A．uncertain if it will collect information. |
| B．doubtful about its long-term usefulness |
| C．pleased that more people will benefit from it |
| D．relieved that the general public will be more supportive |
3 . When people talk about American popular music, they don’t just mean country music or rock music. There are two other types of popular music with national and international appeal that are basically American. One is jazz. The other is a musical form associated with New York City theaters.
Jazz dates from African religious and folk music. The themes and songs of jazz music have historical origins. They come from songs sung by black Americans in church or at work. There have been different kinds of jazz music: bebop, ragtime, swing, boogie-woogie and others.
In playing jazz music, the performers combine rhythms and songs with their skills of improvisation (即兴创作). Modern jazz music has developed into a complex musical style enjoyed more by musicians and older jazz lovers than by the general public.
American theater has developed another American musical style. It is associated with a street in New York City, Broadway. Broadway musicals are dramatic productions in which the story is told partly by dialogue and partly through songs. The lyrics of these songs give background information about the story and express the feelings of the characters in the story. Many Broadway musicals have been made into movies that have been shown all over the world. Oklahoma, Sound of Music, My Fair Lady and West Side Story are some good examples.
Songs from these musicals and others have translations in various languages that are sung around the world. Many of them have become popular with people who have not even seen the musicals for which they were written.
1. What does jazz belong to?| A．Rock music. | B．Country music. |
| C．Traditional music. | D．American popular music. |
| A．Its playing method. | B．Its popularity. |
| C．Its origin. | D．Its historical position. |
| A．It needs special skills to perform. | B．It is not well received by ordinary people. |
| C．It is welcomed only among musicians. | D．It is popular with the general public. |
| A．the songs | B．the translations | C．the musicals | D．the languages |
4 . Imagine sitting inside a windowless train that's shooting through a tube at twice the speed of an airplane. Your train has no wheels, produces no
Hyperloop developers plan to use the properties of magnets to float, stabilize, and drive the capsules or pods for hundreds of miles through
Supporters of the technology promote additional
Developers also say that hyperloop tubes would be
But not everyone is on board. Engineers have calculated that the high-speed vehicles will need to make much wider turns than currently envisioned, and otherwise they won't be
Hyperloop companies say they're
| A．pollution | B．sound | C．energy | D．wind |
| A．cleanest | B．lightest | C．latest | D．fastest |
| A．adapted | B．exploited | C．embraced | D．developed |
| A．totally hollow | B．nearly airless | C．steadily narrow | D．highly flexible |
| A．advantages | B．costs | C．qualities | D．situations |
| A．in constant demands | B．on strict timetables | C．in changeable states | D．on essential services |
| A．cabins | B．lorries | C．tubes | D．vehicles |
| A．fare | B．capacity | C．speed | D．comfort |
| A．underground | B．parallel | C．elevated | D．shared |
| A．However | B．Therefore | C．Beside | D．Otherwise |
| A．available | B．economic | C．easy | D．safe |
| A．force | B．air | C．heat | D．water |
| A．most popular of | B．superior to | C．no better than | D．least profitable of |
| A．addressing | B．causing | C．voicing | D．releasing |
| A．ride | B．pilot | C．park | D．alert |
5 . In his 1975 novel Changing Places, British novelist David Lodge described the lifestyle of two literature professors who cross the planet repeatedly, trading a rainy English campus for a sunny California university, and vice versa. Along the way, many other things are exchanged as well, including affairs of the heart.
While scholars working today don't enjoy the same benefits—luxury hotels and business-class flights in particular—they might recognize that they still live in Lodge's small world. Since the mid-l970s, transportation and communication advances have made the planet steadily smaller and the number of international students has risen sharply in turn. In Lodge's novels, universities seemed changeless, white four decades later they are fully engaged in internationalization.
In the post Cold War era, academic relationships are becoming richer and more complex. Students in the Global South, eager to participate in the knowledge economy and receive some of its benefits, are driving much of the increased demand for education at all levels.That future profits and solutions to pressing global problems are to be found in advanced research makes international cooperation essential.
As a recent report shows, internationalization is a strategic priority for many universities and they're working to put themselves on the world map.When competing for new lands, however, familiar rules no longer apply and new guidelines must be established to increase the chance of profits, or at least minimize potential losses.
The internationalization of universities raises an old problem: the ability to connect to global development without losing diversity. Some aspects of global science, such as Nobel prizes, tend to promote a “winner-takes-all' system. Higher education institutions should take a critical distance from this tendency and embrace their diversity— there is more than one Treasure Island for science. Internationalization is not about going to places similar to our own country or institution. Instead, students and scholars can find stimulating environments and academic conditions that can challenge what they take for granted.
We generally assume that higher education and innovation go hand in hand, but we do not know how innovation comes about. The only reasonable assumption is that it happens in difficult conditions, when we have to overcome a problem. That's why it's important to put students and scholars in challenging diverse situations and help them learn different ways of thinking. From my point of view, enhancing access and promoting diversity should be the compass of all internationalization strategies. So, the ship has started, and let's sail.
1. The purpose of mentioning the novel by David Lodge is to ________ .| A．show how things are changed internationally |
| B．criticize the lifestyle of two literature professors |
| C．convince the readers that universities are changeless |
| D．introduce the topic of internationalization of universities |
| A．Universities have to set up new rules to cope with the competition. |
| B．All the universities are working hard to attract more international students. |
| C．International students make academic relationship of universities more complex. |
| D．The reasons for international cooperation of universities are profits and competition. |
| A．Globalized Higher education should develop more treasures with science. |
| B．Internationalized Higher education is expected of winning more Nobel Prizes. |
| C．Globalized Higher education should be diverse. |
| D．Internationalization of universities should challenge scholars more. |
| A．Innovation—the best solution to globalization |
| B．Innovation and cooperation come to us hand in hand |
| C．International cooperation of universities becomes more essential |
| D．Globalized higher education—there's more than one way to excellence |
6 . In Shakespeare’s HAMLET, Polonius asks the prince, “What are you reading, my Lord?” Hamlet replies, “Words, words, words.” Either, as is likely, Hamlet wasn’t interested in what he was reading, or, less likely, he didn’t understand the words he was reading. In this case, Polonius should have lent Hamlet a good dictionary.
Dictionaries are essential tools for people who like to read. There are so many words in English that even the most educated person will sometimes meet an unfamiliar word and have to look it up. Languages keep changing, too, with new words constantly being added and new meanings being applied to old words. For example, the 12th edition of Xinhua Dictionary, the most popular dictionary in China, has added new words such as “chu xin” “fen si” “er wei ma” etc. As for new meanings, “girl” once meant “a small child of either sex”. And “naughty” didn’t mean you were “enjoying playing tricks”; it meant you were poor.
A printed dictionary can’t keep pace with all the changes, which is why most dictionaries have websites and apps to help you keep up-to-date. However, I still prefer printed dictionaries because they give you more definitions and more examples of how a word is used. Even a simple word, such as “set”, has 430 meanings (the most of English words) but an online dictionary would only offer two or three. A printed dictionary also gives you the opportunity to discover new words as you run your finger down the page looking for the word you want.
There is no “official” English dictionary, but the Oxford English Dictionary is considered to be the best. For English language learners, however, I would recommend the Collins COBUILD Dictionary for Advanced Learners. Hamlet, by the way, was Danish and a college student. He would have appreciated the Collins Dictionary to help himself with his words, words, words. This dictionary has over 40,000 words and gives you full-sentence definitions with good examples of how words are used.
1. What’s the function of paragraph 1?| A．To introduce the topic. |
| B．To let the readers know more about HAMLET. |
| C．To arouse readers’ interest in Shakespeare. |
| D．To explain when it’s necessary to use a dictionary. |
| A．To show how powerful Xinhua Dictionary is. |
| B．To support the idea: languages keep changing. |
| C．To prove new words are being added to dictionaries. |
| D．To imply “girl” also means “boy” in some cases. |
| A．Favorable. | B．Ambiguous. | C．Negative. | D．Critical. |
| A．To introduce the history of dictionaries. |
| B．To call on learners to use dictionaries. |
| C．To recommend Collins Dictionary. |
| D．To explain why Hamlet likes Collins. |
7 . Imagine a world where you move around in front of a personal computer in your own sound space. You listen to your favorite songs, play loud computer games or watch a movie—all without other people hearing the sound. That is the possibility presented by “sound beaming,” a new technology from Noveto Systems, an Israeli company.
On Friday, the company presented a desktop device that sends sound directly to a listener without the need for headphones or a special receiver. Noveto Systems gave The Associated Press (AP) a chance to test its Sound Beamer 1.0 before its debut. The AP’s Louise Dixon writes that listening to the device is like something from a science fiction movie. The sound seems so close it feels like it is inside your ears while also in front, above and behind them.
Noveto expects the device will have many uses. Office workers could listen to music or conference calls without others hearing. People could play a game, a movie or music without waking up others in the same room. Because the device does not use headphones, it is possible to hear other sounds in the room clearly.
The device uses a 3-D technology that finds and follows the ear position of the listener. It sends ultrasonic waves to create sound pockets by the user’s ears. Sound can be heard in stereo or 3-D. The 3-D method creates sound on all sides of the listener The demo version of the device included nature videos of birds on a lake, bees flying and a quiet waterway. By changing a setting, the sound can follow a listener around when they move their head. It also is possible to move out sound beam’s path and hear nothing at all.
While the idea of sound beaming is not new, Noveto was the first to launch the technology. Its chief executive officer Christophe Ramstein said a smaller version of the device will be ready for release to consumers next year.
1. What do we know about Sound Beamer?| A．It’s a device appearing in the science fiction movie. |
| B．Listeners got its sound through a receiver. |
| C．It can prevent other sound being heard. |
| D．The smaller one will be on market next year. |
| A．New version. | B．First appearance. | C．Another failure. | D．Some doubt. |
| A．How the device works. | B．How to use the device. |
| C．The device’s advantage. | D．Why the device is invented. |
| A．The introduction of a new device — sound beamer. | B．The usage of 3D technology. |
| C．The influence brought by sound beamer. | D．3D technology and listening experience. |
8 . Are we just thinking with our heads? No. The human brain is just like a telephone switchboard (总机), but not a whole system. Its function is to receive incoming signals, establish appropriate connections, and send the information to its destination. In order to provide efficient service, the body must function as a whole.
But where is the mind? Is it in the brain? Or the nervous system? Can we say that the mind is in a particular place? In fact, the mind is not a thing, not a leg, and not even a brain. Thinking is both a function and an activity. Aristotle, 2300 years ago, noted that the mind is to the body what the tool is to the worker. When the tool is not in use, there is no work. Charles Woolbert said that consciousness is what the body does.
If this activity is necessary for thought, it is also necessary for the transmission of thought from one person to another. Observe how people conduct their daily conversations. If you've never taken the trouble to do this, you'll have a surprise waiting for you, because good conversationalists are almost always in motion. Their heads nodded and nodded, sometimes so violently that you wondered how their necks could withstand the strain. Even the legs and feet are active. As for hands and arms, they rarely stay still for more than a few seconds at a time.
Remember, these people are not giving speeches. They're just people, trying to get their points of view across. They have no sense of movement. Their language has not been studied. They're just human beings in a human environment, trying to adapt to the social environment. However, their conversation is not only verbal, but also visual, involving almost every muscle in the body. Briefly, because people are really thinking, the speaker must be everywhere if he is to succeed in getting people to think.
1. Which of the following is the author's opinion?| A．Thinking is a social phenomenon. |
| B．Thinking is just a brain function. |
| C．Thinking is the sum total of bodily activity. |
| D．Thinking is a function of the nervous system. |
| A．to use various bodily movements | B．to speak directly to the other person |
| C．to make the other person listen | D．to observe the other person's behavior |
| A．make the listeners deeply moved |
| B．appeal to the sympathy of the audience |
| C．make the speaker understood |
| D．convey the speaker's implied meaning to the listeners |
| A．Spoken Language | B．Bodily Communication |
| C．Spiritual Activity | D．Proper Conversation |
9 . Becoming a real runner
I would never use the word “athletic” to describe myself. To me, athletes are people who really enjoy working out. I remember crying in middle school when I had to run a mile during gym class. I huffed and puffed as I jogged. As I grew up, I would go to the gym, but I never enjoyed working out. That, I thought, was for real runners.
In June 2017, my friend sent me an email that would forever change my attitude towards running. He was training for a 200-mile relay (接力赛) and wanted me to be on his team. I would run three legs between four and six miles each over the course of two days. Figuring that I would never again have the chance to work with some top runners, I immediately agreed, and started running outside to prepare.
That first run was hard. I purposefully avoided Central Park in order to stay away from real runners. After a few blocks, I was already winded, and ran the rest of the way home. I called my mom, choked up, to say I had no hope at all of running this relay. But she encouraged me to keep at it, so I didn't quit. I went from running four miles a week to eight within one month before my advanced training began.
I was frightened going into the first training session with the team as everyone else was super “athletic”. We ran for five miles, and I was significantly slower. However, my teammates were so supportive that I felt the runner’s high, which I had never believed existed.
One day, about two weeks into training, my ankle gave out while I was running in Central Park. I was diagnosed with a stress fracture (应力性骨折). The doctor told me to stop running for two months. It took me a while to face the fact that I was out of the race. My doctor told me that he too had once been struck down with a stress fracture, and the following year, he beat his best running time in a half-marathon. That brought me hope.
I made it through the next two months by picturing myself running again. Just yesterday, for the first time since that fateful day, I took my outdoor run with my physical therapist. I mentioned that I might run a half-marathon the next year. Now I wake up excited for the days I get to run. Maybe I am a “real runner” after all.
1. According to the article, when did the author start to feel passion for running?| A．After she got into the habit of working out. |
| B．After she got the courage to run outdoors on her own. |
| C．After she ran with some top runners and got their encouragement. |
| D．After she broke her ankle in training and stayed in bed for two months. |
| A．helpful advice. |
| B．immediate treatment. |
| C．experience in the marathon. |
| D．personal experience with an injury. |
| A．She didn’t take the relay seriously. |
| B．She had a strict and overprotective mother. |
| C．She felt disappointed about withdrawing from the race. |
| D．She would have expected to run a half-marathon if she had won the race. |
| A．urge readers to exercise regularly. |
| B．share with readers the fun of running. |
| C．warn readers to be careful about running. |
| D．encourage readers to pursue their hobbies. |
10 . I'm a geologist. I have been researching changes in the Antarctic ice sheets to help governments plan for floods and other
I first met Tom on the tip of Antarctica. He is a professional mountaineer who
Trust quickly grew between us, and our
When I got the date for my return journey, I started to feel
Saying goodbye to each other was a（n）
| A．advantages | B．consequences | C．tendencies | D．causes |
| A．instructs | B．familiarizes | C．assists | D．presents |
| A．stuck | B．deserted | C．locked | D．arrested |
| A．holiday | B．treatment | C．mission | D．sentence |
| A．distribute | B．carve | C．display | D．collect |
| A．danger | B．pleasure | C．shame | D．reward |
| A．health | B．safety | C．board | D．future |
| A．friendship | B．confidence | C．experience | D．hardship |
| A．sorted | B．shifted | C．avoided | D．discussed |
| A．peaceful | B．considerate | C．emotional | D．embarrassed |
| A．last | B．work | C．matter | D．end |
| A．doubts | B．memories | C．talents | D．complaints |
| A．option | B．struggle | C．honour | D．routine |
| A．leaving behind | B．picking up | C．taking in | D．appealing to |
| A．filmed | B．frozen | C．mentioned | D．forgotten |
