1 . Every year migratory（迁徙的） bats travel from Mexico to Bracken Cave, where they spend the summer consuming insects that would otherwise hungrily eat common food crops. But the bats have been showing up far earlier than they did two decades ago.
In a study, scientists at Rothamsted Research, used radar data from 160 U.S. weather stations to analyze activity in the Texas bat colony from 1995 through 2017. They discovered the creatures were leaving their winter quarters in Mexico earlier and reproducing sooner. They were also astonished to find increasing numbers of bats overwintering（过冬）at Bracken Cave instead of heading back to their cold weather quarters in Mexico. Overwintering is a sign that warmer temperatures change the bats' annual rhythms, Rothamsted biologist Phillip Stepanian says.
A separate study of migratory bats in Indiana, published last year, found that temperature variations affected arrival and departure times-likewise hinting at the potential influence of climate change. Joy O'Keefe, a biology professor and co-author of that study, says early arrival at their summer habitats could expose these bats to cold snaps（寒流）, and they could freeze to death.
Joy O’Keefe and her colleagues also found that changing bat migration times can also clash with rainfall patterns. Many insects that bats eat breed in seasonal lakes and puddles. If the bats arrive too early to benefit from summer rainfall and the resulting abundance of insects, they may struggle to feed their pups（幼崽） or skip reproduction altogether, O’Keefe says. She fears this shift could cause Midwestern bats to decrease toward extinction, which would be bad news for humans. “Declines in bat populations could have severe effects for crop success,” she says, adding that bats also “control significant disease vectors, such as mosquitoes.”
However, scientists are not certain that climate change alone is causing the Bracken Cave bat colony to migrate earlier. They have found a direct link between seasonal temperatures and bird migration, but bats are also influenced by factors such as changes in wind speed and direction. And there are other complications. “Bats are mysterious little animals that move mostly at night and are difficult to observe and track ,” Stepanian says. “We have this conceptual picture of what might be happening, but really tying it to the cause is the next step.”
1. What is the best title for the passage?| A．Bats’ habitants | B．Endangered bats |
| C．Bats’ migration | D．Bats, our good friends |
| A．bats prefer heading back to Mexico | B．bats delay their reproduction |
| C．warming affects bat migration | D．radar can be used to observe bats |
| A．bats are used to living in rainfall seasons |
| B．bats’ earlier migration might harm farming |
| C．insects' reproduction helps to spread disease |
| D．insects shortage makes bats reproduce earlier |
| A．Insects. | B．migration times. |
| C．Bats. | D．lakes and puddles. |
| A．Wind speed and direction affect bats. |
| B．It is difficult to observe and track bats. |
| C．Climate change makes bats migrate earlier. |
| D．Further research on the cause is necessary. |
2 . Some teachers seem to be bad teachers, but they are not. Take my football coach for example. One day, we were doing some
After practice he came
Another teacher
He gave me a(n)
Determined to change his attitude and
So don’t ever complain about your “
| A．running | B．drills | C．operations | D．actions |
| A．yelling at | B．sending for | C．getting rid of | D．joking with |
| A．amazed | B．encouraged | C．frightened | D．embarrassed |
| A．debate | B．discriminate | C．decide | D．defend |
| A．in | B．across | C．over | D．away |
| A．other than | B．more than | C．less than | D．rather than |
| A．overlooked | B．blamed | C．resisted | D．exposed |
| A．erasing | B．strengthening | C．jogging | D．changing |
| A．reputation | B．reference | C．concern | D．preference |
| A．astonished | B．puzzled | C．disturbed | D．fascinated |
| A．principle | B．assignment | C．reward | D．award |
| A．set out | B．settle down | C．cut in | D．carried on |
| A．relaxed | B．content | C．comfortable | D．mad |
| A．acquire | B．acknowledge | C．spread | D．address |
| A．Suddenly | B．Eventually | C．Gradually | D．Purposefully |
| A．accomplishment | B．establishment | C．development | D．commitment |
| A．enquiry | B．presentation | C．schedule | D．conference |
| A．although | B．as | C．before | D．until |
| A．tolerant | B．considerate | C．mean | D．kind |
| A．permit | B．bother | C．inspire | D．discourage |
3 . Each country has its own secret to happiness, If "pyt", which closely means “don't worry about it and stuff happens", explains a relaxed attitude of Danish people, "niksen" will reveal how Dutch people combat （对抗）stress and burnout in a fast-paced lifestyle.
The term "niksen" origins from the Dutch word "niks", which refers to "nothing'', Mindfulness, another welcome subject to help people have a peaceful mind. But unlike mindfulness, niksen is not about concentrating on the present moment. It's about letting yourself do nothing, and allowing your mind to run free without expectation.
In practice, this means "hanging around, looking at your surroundings, or listening to music as long as it's without purpose” according to Time Magazine.
Niksen sounds contrary to the advice we were all given as kids. Nowadays, we're constantly told to stay busy and work harder than everyone else. But niksen opposes that mentality( 心态). It offers the chance to "deliciously do nothing", as Carolien Hamming, a coach at CSR Centrum, an organization devoted to fighting stress and burnout in the Netherlands, told Time.
She thinks that niksen is essential to staying healthy, since it’s a form of mental relaxation and healing. Just as a wild animal lies in wait for their prey, niksen seems to be a natural state of being.
For some people, niksen can mean more than just stress reduction. It's also a means to imagine new ideas or plans. As an early adopter（尝试者）of niksen, Jenny Holden, a communications expert in the UK, adds it to her daily lunch breaks. “Within 10 minutes of doing nothing - just staring and listening to myself - my head began to clear and sort out my work and home to-do lists,” she told the MetroUK.
Above all, niksen is a suggestion for balancing work and rest. As Dutch-bom writer Ogla Mecking wrote in US-based Whoolly Magazine, niksen is the "thorough enjoyment of life’s pauses".
Everyone is encouraged to embrace your niksen moments. They revitalize （使恢复元气） you and give you the strength needed to face everyday challenges.
1. What does niksen means?| A．Living in the moment. |
| B．Leading a healthy lifestyle. |
| C．Being free and doing nothing. |
| D．Using your wildest imagination. |
| A．how niksen improves one's mental health |
| B．niksen is closely related to stress reduction |
| C．niksen can shorten the distance between people |
| D．niksen helps people come up with new thoughts |
| A．long | B．full |
| C．unexpected | D．quiet |
| A．The introduction to a special Dutch lifestyle. |
| B．Suggestions on how to balance work and rest. |
| C．The importance of allowing time to pause life. |
| D．An explanation of some Danish words about life attitudes. |
| A．people can restrengthen themselves to face challenges by niksen |
| B．a wild animal usually lies in wait for their prey just as niksen advices |
| C．Danish people are stressful and tired because of their special lifestyle |
| D．Carolien Hamming thinks niksen is the most important way to keep fit |
4 . A study of art history might be a good way to learn more about a culture than is possible to learn in general classes. Most typical history courses concentrate on politics, economics, and wars. But art history focuses on much more than this because art reflects not only the political values of a people, but also religious beliefs, emotions, and psychology. In addition, information about the daily activities of our ancestors ― or of people very different from our own ― can be provided by art. In short, art expresses the essential qualities of a time and a place, and a study of it clearly offers us a deeper understanding than what can be found in most history books.
In history books, objective information about the political life of a country is presented: that is, facts about politics are given, but opinions are not expressed. Art, on the other hand, is subjective: it reflects emotions and opinions. The great Spanish painter Franciso Goya was perhaps the first truly political artist. In his well-known painting The Third of May, 1808, he criticized the Spanish government for its misuse of power over people. Over a hundred years later, symbolic images were used in Pablo Picasso’s Guernica to express the horror of war. Meanwhile, on another continent, the powerful paintings of Diego Rivera, Jose Clements Orozco, and David Alfaro Siqueiros ― as well as the works of Alfredo Ramos Martinez ― showed these Mexican artists’ deep anger and sadness about social problems.
In the same way, art can reflect a culture’s religious beliefs. Four hundreds of years in Europe, religious art was almost the only type of art that existed. Churches and other religious buildings were filled with paintings that depicted people and stories from the Bible. Although most people couldn’t read, they could still understand biblical stories in the pictures on church walls. By contrast, one of the main characteristics of art in the Middle East was (and still is) its absence of human and animal images. This reflects the Islamic（伊斯兰教的）belief that statues are unholy（不神圣的；亵渎的）.
1. Which of the following sentences is WRONG according to the passage?| A．Art history concentrates on religious beliefs, emotions and psychology only. |
| B．Art can provide information about the everyday activities of ancient people. |
| C．Information and facts about politics are given objectively in history. |
| D．Franciso Goya was perhaps the first truly political artist. |
| A．personal and emotional opinions are expressed through it |
| B．it will make the viewers angry and sad about history |
| C．it can help us understand historical facts better |
| D．opinions about facts are not expressed |
| A．art is subjective |
| B．artists are very similar even over a hundred years |
| C．art can reflect political life of a country |
| D．history books present objective information |
| A．Europe | B．America |
| C．Mexico | D．Middle East |
| A．the difference between general history and art history |
| B．the development of art history |
| C．the influence of artists on art history |
| D．what we can learn from art |
| A．Islamic artists focus on creating architectural decorations with pictures of flowers or geometric (几何) forms |
| B．history teachers are more objective than artists |
| C．it is more difficult to study art history than general history |
| D．people and stories from the Bible were painted on churches and other buildings in order to popularize the Bible |
5 . I have had just about enough of being treated like a second-class citizen, simply because I happened to be that put-upon member of society ― a customer. The more I go into shops and hotels, banks and post offices, railway stations, airports and the like, the more I’m convinced that things are being run just to suit the firm, the system, or the union. There seems to be a new motto for the so-called “service” organization ― Staff Before Service. How often, for example, have you queued for what seems like hours at the Post Office or the supermarket because there aren’t enough staff on duty at all the service counters? Surely in these days of high unemployment it must be possible to increase counter staff. Yet supermarkets, hinting darkly at higher prices, claim that bringing all their cash registers into operation at any time would increase expenses. And the Post Office says we cannot expect all their service counters to be occupied “at times when demand is low”.
It’s the same with hotels. Because waiters and kitchen staff must finish when it suits them, dining rooms close earlier or menu choice is lowered. As for us guests (and how the meaning of that word has been cut away little by little.), we just have to put up with it. There’s also the nonsense of so many friendly hotel night porters having been gradually withdrawn from service in the interests of “efficiency” (i.e. profits) and replaced by coin-eating machines which supply everything from beer to medicine, not to mention the creeping（慢慢加剧的） threat of the tea-making set in your room: a kettle with teabags, milk bags and sugar. Who wants to wake up to a raw teabag? I don’t, especially when I am paying for “service”.
Our only hope is to repeat our anger whenever and wherever we can and, if all else fails, restore that other, older saying ― Take Our Custom（买卖） Elsewhere.
1. The author feels that nowadays customers are _____.| A．not provided with proper service |
| B．considered to be lower members of society |
| C．not worthy of special treatment |
| D．regarded as privileged |
| A．more consideration is given to the staff than customers |
| B．customers are becoming more demanding |
| C．customers are unwilling to be satisfied with |
| D．the staff are less considerate than employers |
| A．deliberate（故意的）understaffing |
| B．lack of cooperation among staff |
| C．the reducing supply of good staff |
| D．inefficient staff |
| A．the personal touch is less appreciated nowadays |
| B．few people are willing to do this type of work |
| C．machines are more reliable than human beings |
| D．self-service provides a cheaper alternative |
| A．to put up with whatever service is provided |
| B．to fully use all kinds of coin-eating machines |
| C．to make strong complaints wherever necessary |
| D．to go where good service is available |
6 . Some people say that friendship is the only channel through which human beings can ever experience the value of life. In our daily life, it is likely that you share some common interests with others — they may like the same sport, go to the same school or like the same kind of music as you do. Since you often meet them, they become your acquaintances. Although some people develop many acquaintances, only a few become their good friends in their lifetime because there are differences between acquaintances and friends.
It is said that true friendship begins when someone knows what you are really like, but still likes you anyway. A true friend shows loyalty from the very beginning of the relationship. A friend will go through challenges to help you without expecting anything in return. A “friend” today may probably become a “true friend” tomorrow when they get involved in unexpected circumstances together with you — for example, when you are going through a difficult experience and your friend is there to help you out. However, some acquaintances might leave you when you badly need their help. At this time, you can experience what true friendship is.
In our life, some people seem to go through life with plenty of friends. They may be funny or they may have a bright and pleasant personality. For these people, wherever they go, people seem to like them and welcome their company. But when they go through challenging life experiences, some of their friends are not there to help them. Therefore we can say some of their friends are not real friends and their friendship is just skin-deep.
However, others seem to go through life with no friends at all. They like to be alone, to travel by themselves or to do their own things. It’s a pity that few of these people find success in life because they have no friends. They lack the best gift in life — friendship.
1. According to the passage, which of the following statements about acquaintances is TRUE?| A．They have all of the same interests as you do. |
| B．You seldom meet them in your life. |
| C．They are sure to become your good friends. |
| D．Not all of them can become your friends. |
| A．go to the same school as your friend |
| B．get into trouble |
| C．enjoy the same kind of music as your friend |
| D．see your friend often |
| A．it doesn’t matter whether one has friends or not |
| B．people with bright personality are easy to have friends |
| C．people without friends are always unhappy |
| D．it’s easier to lose a friend than to get one |
| A．Very deep. | B．Not deep at all. |
| C．As precious as skin. | D．Hidden under the skin. |
| A．Interested. | B．Angry. |
| C．Hopeful. | D．Regretful. |
7 . During the high school career, students may begin to question the importance of a college education. They might find themselves asking, “Why is it important to go to college?” The answer is that, more than ever, college graduates enjoy much greater opportunities available to them than those who have not received a college education.
For many high school students, being able to immediately generate an income after graduation is an appealing thought. They may also be affected by the rising cost of tuition, and while it is true that a higher education may be one of the largest expenses you will ever face, the importance of a college education has become quite evident in terms of earning potential within today’s economy.
Why should you go to college? One important answer to this question is more opportunity. As opposed to generations of the past, high school graduates today are unable to obtain high-paying jobs that were once available. The U.S. has been transformed from a manufacturing-based economy to an economy based on knowledge, and the importance of a college education today can be compared to that of a high school education forty years ago. It serves as the gateway to better options and more opportunity.
There are additional reasons as to why it is important to go to college. When students experience a post secondary education, they have the opportunity to read books and listen to the lectures of top experts in their fields. This encourages students to think, ask questions, and explore new ideas, which allows for additional growth and development and provides college graduates with more opportunities in the job market over those who have not experienced a higher education.
The importance of a college education is also stressed because of the opportunity to gain valuable resources during the study. The more connections which are collected during your college career, the more options you will have when you begin your job search. Once you have ended your job search and have started your career, however, the importance of a college education has not been exhausted. Having a college degree often provides for greater promotion opportunity.
So, why should you go to college? The reasoning does not begin and end with the job aspect. A good education is beneficial from many different viewpoints, and though the importance of a college education is quite evident for many high school students, what is often not as clear is how they will pay for that education.
1. Why do some high school graduates prefer working to college study?| A．To obtain high-paying jobs. | B．To earn money at an early age. |
| C．To spend less money on tuition. | D．To adapt to the knowledge-based society. |
| A．too much time is spent on lectures in college study |
| B．high school education is a gateway to more opportunity |
| C．college graduates gain more chances over others in job market |
| D．a college degree guarantees promotion in American companies |
| A．Refusing college education. | B．Changing college education. |
| C．Receiving college education. | D．Affording college education. |
| A．Importance of college education. | B．Education means opportunity. |
| C．Which is more important, job or education? | D．How to survive in the college. |
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
A． | B． |
C． | D． |
8 . Jennifer Udler was in the middle of a 50-minute session with a patient when it started to rain. Walking and talking about anxiety and stress, she and her teenage patient got wet. But when they made it back indoors, Jennifer said, “ Hey, look at us! We’re wet, but we got through it! Now you can use that next time you have anxiety before and during an event. ” This kind of insight is key to her practice.
Jennifer, a social worker whose practice focuses on adolescents, has been a therapist （治疗师 ）for 20 years. For most of that time, she practiced in a traditional office, but she noticed how easy it was for her running partners to open up about their problems. After doing some research, in 2013, Jennifer founded Positive Strides Therapy, where she conducts sessions while walking outdoors. She conducts all of her sessions outdoors and in all kinds of weather.
“When somebody asks me if I specialize in walking therapy, I say, ‘No, that’s how I practice,’ ” Udler said. “I specialize in family systems theory. Walking in the park is just where I practice. ”
Despite the lack of formal research, Jennifer believes strongly in the benefits, saying that it can be helpful. “We’ll be talking about ‘moving forward’ as we are actually moving forward on the path, building muscle memory of how they can move forward and leave the anxiety behind. ”
And outdoor walking therapy doesn’t just benefit teens. Jennifer says the adults in her practice welcome the humanizing effect of taking therapy outdoors.
1. What lesson did Jennifer teach her teenage patient through the rain?| A．Rain and suffering are a part of life. |
| B．She is ready to help the young man. |
| C．We can beat our difficulty after all. |
| D．Rain can help us deal with our trouble. |
| A．qualification | B．foresight |
| C．awareness | D．prediction |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Confident. |
| C．Unconcerned. | D．Disappointed. |
| A．The lack of formal research about the therapy. |
| B．Building physical memory of past experience. |
| C．Treating her teen patients in a traditional office. |
| D．Conducting walk — and — talk therapy for teens. |
| A．Walking outdoors is similar to managing worries. |
| B．Moving in the rain is a bit too difficult to tolerate. |
| C．The rain can make one excited and face the trouble. |
| D．Running in the rain or storm will make one healthy. |
9 . What is one of the most boring and tiresome words ever? Like discipline, responsibility is one of those words you have probably heard so many times from authority figures that you have been a bit allergic to it. Still, it's one of the most important things to grow and to feel good about your life. Without it as a foundation nothing else in any personal development book really works.
It's been said that the line between childhood and adulthood is crossed when we move from saying “It got lost” to “I lost it”. Indeed, being accountable, understanding and accepting the role our choices play in the things that happen are important signs of emotional and moral maturity. That's why responsibility is one of the main supports of good character.
Many people have been refusing to grow up and avoiding the burdens implied in being accountable. Yes, responsibility sometimes requires us to do things that are unpleasant or even frightening. It asks us to carry our own weight, prepare and set goals and exercise the discipline to reach our ambitions. But the benefits of accepting responsibility are far more important than the short-lived advantages of refusing to do so. No one makes his or her life better by avoiding responsibility. In fact, irresponsibility is a form of self-forced servitude (苦役)to circumstances and to other people.
George Bernard Shaw once said, “People are always blaming their circumstances for what they are. I don't believe in circumstances. The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for the circumstances they want, and, if they can't find them, make them.” “Man must stop owing his problems to his environment and learn again to exercise his will ---his personal responsibility in the realm of faith and morals,” said Albert Schweitzer.
The following incident shows blaming others and not taking full responsibility: Bernard L. Brow. Jr. once worked in a hospital where a patient knocked over a cup of water, which spilled on the floor beside the patient's bed. The patient was afraid he might slip on the water if he got out of the bed, so he asked a nurse to mop it up. The patient didn't know it, but the hospital policy said that small spills were the responsibility of the nurse while large spills were to be mopped up by the hospital’s housekeeping group.
The nurse decided the spill was a large one and she called the housekeeping group. A housekeeper arrived and declared the spill a small one. An argument followed. “It's not my response. “Well, it's not mine.” she said, “the puddle is too small.”
The angry patient listened for a time, then took a pitcher of water from his night table and poured the whole thing on the floor. “Is that a big enough puddle now for you two to decide?” he asked. It was, and that was the end of the argument.
So, responsibility is about our ability to respond to circumstances and to choose the attitudes, actions and reactions that shape our lives. It is a concept of power that puts us in the driver's seat. The grand sight of the potential of our lives can only be appreciated when we begin to be accountable and independent. If you want more control over your life and the pleasures, power of freedom and independence, all you have to do is be responsible. Responsible people not only depend on themselves, but show others that they can be depended on.
1. Those who escape from accepting responsibility________.| A．can't achieve their goals in a short time |
| B．can benefit from not growing up in the end |
| C．can miss the advantages of being a responsible person |
| D．can avoid the burdens of unpleasant or frightening things |
| A．Succeed. | B．Struggle. |
| C．Serve. | D．Exist. |
| A．We shouldn't care what kind of situations we're in. |
| B．We shouldn't owe failure to the sense of responsibility. |
| C．We should bear responsibility regardless of situations. |
| D．We should first step out of our present circumstances. |
| A．Because he had slipped on the water by chance. |
| B．Because he had to mop up the water by himself. |
| C．Because he didn't like the noise made in hospital. |
| D．Because he found them refusing their responsibility. |
| A．It shapes our lives with more opportunities. |
| B．It enables us to react with dependable attitude. |
| C．It encourages us to be more helpful and independent. |
| D．It strengthens our ability to fight against bad circumstances. |
10 . Rainbow comes after a storm. For instance, here are things you've probably celebrated: an excellent grade, a team win, an
How can you change all this? You can
| A．applied | B．appealed | C．accomplished | D．abolished |
| A．aggressively | B．abundantly | C．accordingly | D．actually |
| A．extra | B．equally | C．eagerly | D．enough |
| A．struggle | B．failure | C．destiny | D．experience |
| A．distract | B．defend | C．define | D．direct |
| A．requires | B．recommends | C．asks | D．adds |
| A．high | B．primary | C．nursery | D．kindergarten |
| A．increase | B．decline | C．remain | D．boom |
| A．along | B．on | C．up | D．down |
| A．reconstructing | B．reshaping | C．weighing | D．weathering |
| A．accept | B．adjust | C．block | D．boycott |
| A．silence | B．succeeding | C．mother | D．father |
| A．passenger | B．patient | C．professor | D．player |
| A．Why | B．Which | C．How | D．When |
| A．better | B．worse | C．excited | D．depressed |
| A．about | B．likely | C．unlikely | D．possible |
| A．stress | B．shut | C．stretch | D．set |
| A．passive | B．peaceful | C．political | D．potential |
| A．proud | B．punished | C．stuck | D．trapped |
| A．object | B．fail | C．recall | D．suspect |
