1 . Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track. But while it’s long been believed that endorphins (脑内啡), chemicals in the body that cause happiness, which are behind the so-called runner's high, a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon (现象) than we previously knew.
According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.
To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice. Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise, along with many other chemicals. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety. But after being given a drug to block their endorphins, the mice’s behavior didn't seem to change. However, when their endocannabinoids were blocked with a different drug, their runner's high symptoms (症状) seemed to fade.
“The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner’s high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out,” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on science blog Lifehacker.
Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but it’s already well known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety. The UK's National Health Service even prescribe (开药方) exercise to patients who are suffering from depression. “Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can boost your mood if you have depression, and it’s especially useful for people with mild to moderate depression,” it wrote on its website.
It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we don’t fully understand where it comes from. At least if we're feeling down, we know that all we have to do is put on our running shoes.
1. What did scientists from Germany universities recently discover?| A．Endorphins may contribute to one’s high spirits after running. |
| B．The runners’ high could be caused by endocannabinoids. |
| C．The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one's mood. |
| D．Working out is a highly effective way to treat depression. |
| A．To test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released. |
| B．To see the specific symptoms of the runner's high. |
| C．To identify what is responsible for the runner’s high. |
| D．To find what reduces the runner's high symptoms. |
| A．belief. | B．activity. | C．effect. | D．question. |
| A．Workouts can help people completely recover from depression. |
| B．Workouts are the best way to treat depression. |
| C．Workouts only work for those with depression. |
| D．Workouts can help ease depression symptoms. |
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
When I was very young, I was rather thinly, so my mom started to teach me some forms of exercise. Beside, my father’s company used to have an extra building, what had 12 floors with different sports courts. I learn lots of sports there, included tennis, table tennis, basketball and so on. However, a most difficult of all for me was swimming. I didn’t like water, but I finally managed to overcoming my fear. I insisted on practicing every day. After about six months, I found that I could do easily. What’s more, I even won a prize in a competition two year ago. Now I’m strong than before and also know how to be brave.
3 . A new study has found that braving the cold maybe a good way to help burn off some fat.
The research was carried out by scientists at Canada’s Laurentian University and focused on high-intensity interval training(HIIT). This format has grown in popularity of late due to the fat-burning benefits it brings, and the team set out to explore how temperature might influence its effects.
The study involved 11 overweight adults who took part in two HIIT sessions a week apart. One of these was carried out in a “thermoneutral” environment with temperatures of around 70 °F(21℃),and the other at a cold 32 °F(0℃). The sessions consisted of 10 separate cycling race at 90 percent effort lasting one minute, followed by 90-second “recovery” periods of cycling at30 percent intensity.
After each session, the participants cooled down by gently cycling or walking, ate a nutrition bar before going to sleep and enjoyed a high-fat breakfast the morning after. During these sessions, the scientists monitored skin temperature, core body temperature, heart rate and the amount of oxygen. Blood samples were also drawn to help calculate fat burning rates following the breakfast the next day.
“The present study found that high-intensity exercise in the cold increased lipid oxidation (脂质氧化) by 358 percent in comparison to high-intensity exercise in a thermoneutral environment,”the team writes.
The authors also note that the idea that cold temperatures help us burn more fat during exercise will need further investigation (调查), though the first-of-a-kind study does indicate it’s a possibility worth pursuing.
1. What is good for burning off fat according to the study?| A．Cold food. | B．Low temperature. |
| C．Hard workout. | D．Cycling race. |
| A．Introduction to the study. |
| B．Some data in the study. |
| C．The participants in the study. |
| D．The process of the study. |
| A．Further study needs to be done. |
| B．Doing exercise burns more fat. |
| C．The efforts of scientists are in vain. |
| D．The study result is unreasonable. |
| A．High-intensity Workouts Help Burn off Extra Calories |
| B．Cycling in the Cold Is a Great Way to Build upYour Body |
| C．Study Shows Fat-burning Potential of Exercising in the Cold |
| D．Researchers Have Found More Fat-burning Workouts |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（^），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及修改均仅限一词。
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear athletes,
With your excellence, your joy, or your tears, we created the magic of the Olympic Games in Tokyo 2020. You were competing fierce with each other for Olympic glory. You inspired us by the power of sport. This was even more remarkable given the many challenges you had to face because of pandemic. In this difficult time, you gave the world the most precious gifts— hope. For the first time since the pandemic begins, the entire world has come together. Sport returned back to the centre stage. Billions of people around the globe were united by emotion, share moments of joy and inspiration, what gives us hope and faith in the future.
There are many water sports that are fun. Kitesurfing, a young water sport,
At the beginning, the sport was difficult and dangerous. Now it is becoming simpler and safer because of the safer kite design. For an able and strong person, it can be a very fun and
Luckily, it is
6 . As early as 1894, the newly formed International Olympic Committee (IOC) considered ice skating as a possibility for the first modern Olympic Games which would be held in 1896.
In 1911, a member of the IOC suggested that winter sports should be staged as part of the 1912 Olympics in Stockholm. Some opposed the idea. At last, the IOC decided to hold Winter Olympic Games in 1916. However, World War I broke out in 1914. After 1920, the national governing bodies for winter sports in several countries began talking about the possibility of a separate Winter Olympics.
The town of Chamonix, in the French Alps, planned to hold a winter sports festival in 1924; at the same time Paris was to host the Olympics. The Marquis de Polignac, a member of the IOC, suggested that the festival be formally recognized as the Winter Olympic Games. The IOC didn't go that far, but did agree that Chamonix could call its festival an “Olympic winter carnival”.
The festival drew 258 athletes from 16 countries to compete in bobsledding (雪橇比赛), figureskating, hockey, Nordic skiing and speed skating. Charles Jewtraw from the United States won the first gold medal in the 500metre speed skating, but the festival's hero was Claus Thunberg from Finland. He won five medals, three of which were gold in speed skating.
Weather has often been a major story at the Winter Olympics and so it was at Chamonix. The festival opened with rain and the unseasonably warm temperature turned snow and ice to mud. Then temperature dropped as far as 25 below zero and the mud became ice.
Despite the weather, more than 10, 000 people showed up. In 1926, the IOC recognized the Chamonix festival as the first Winter Olympics and decided that the Winter Games would be held every four years, just like the Summer Olympics.
1. Why were the first Winter Olympic Games not held in 1916?| A．Because the IOC didn't agree to it. |
| B．Because it was still under discussion. |
| C．Because some people opposed the idea. |
| D．Because World WarⅠbroke out in 1914. |
| A．the weather destroyed the first Winter Olympics. |
| B．people from 16 countries watched the first Winter Olympics. |
| C．Charles Jewtraw won the most medals in the first Winter Olympics. |
| D．Finland got 3 gold medals in speed skating in the first Winter Olympics. |
| A．The Winter Olympics were held every two years in the beginning. |
| B．The 1924 Winter Olympics and Summer Olympics were held in the same city. |
| C．The Winter Olympics depend much more on the weather than the Summer Olympics. |
| D．The IOC agreed to recognize the Chamonix festival as the first Winter Olympics in 1924. |
| A．The development of the Olympics. |
| B．The importance of weather in the Olympics. |
| C．The story of the first Winter Olympic Games. |
| D．How the Winter Olympics came into being. |
1. What did the man do last night?
| A．He practiced soccer. | B．He watched the Olympic Games. | C．He saw some great athletes training. |
| A．Running. | B．Badminton. | C．Tennis. |
| A．He plays soccer well. | B．He should train every day. | C．He will join the soccer team soon. |
| A．Watch a soccer game | B．Have some training. | C．Give the man some advice. |
8 . Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
1. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?| A．They must run long distances. |
| B．They are qualified for the marathon. |
| C．They have to follow special rules. |
| D．They are good at swinging their legs. |
| A．It’s more popular at the Olympics. |
| B．It’s less challenging physically. |
| C．It’s more effective in body building. |
| D．It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. |
| A．Getting experts’ opinions. |
| B．Having a medical checkup. |
| C．Hiring an experienced coach. |
| D．Doing regular exercises. |
| A．Skeptical. | B．Objective. |
| C．Tolerant. | D．Conservative. |
9 . The annual marathon in my town usually occurs during a heat wave. My job was to
As the athletes began to
I watched in
I do not know this woman’s
| A．follow | B．run | C．walk | D．drive |
| A．march | B．wander | C．pace | D．walk |
| A．last | B．front | C．back | D．disabled |
| A．occurred to | B．held to | C．drawn to | D．taken to |
| A．eye | B．knee | C．hand | D．arm |
| A．likely | B．probable | C．impossible | D．unfair |
| A．silence | B．practice | C．theory | D．public |
| A．manage | B．struggle | C．mean | D．tend |
| A．urging | B．shouting | C．discouraging | D．pushing |
| A．Immediately | B．Instantly | C．Firstly | D．Finally |
| A．flood | B．pour | C．put | D．stream |
| A．seat | B．desk | C．stand | D．stadium |
| A．weak | B．firm | C．tender | D．fixed |
| A．finish | B．bottom | C．starting | D．dead |
| A．runners | B．judges | C．coaches | D．crowds |
| A．age | B．height | C．name | D．hobby |
| A．defending | B．beating | C．winning | D．awarding |
| A．set in | B．set off | C．set out | D．set about |
| A．different | B．simple | C．painless | D．difficult |
| A．realize | B．occur | C．imagine | D．reflect |
10 . A snowstorm hit my neighborhood the other day. I had recently agreed to be the house’s groundskeeper, which meant I got
I had stayed in the house during the
A few days later, some friends and I got into a
And yet shoveling snow was that
A neighborhood could have a Facebook group where people could
| A．charged | B．filled | C．tasked | D．crowded |
| A．festival | B．disaster | C．rush | D．storm |
| A．outside | B．inside | C．forward | D．backward |
| A．usually | B．directly | C．really | D．rarely |
| A．challenge | B．exercise | C．threat | D．power |
| A．lucky | B．angry | C．happy | D．sorry |
| A．party | B．meeting | C．discussion | D．fight |
| A．homework | B．routine | C．solution | D．business |
| A．strong | B．healthy | C．active | D．sleepy |
| A．bring about | B．set off | C．take down | D．live through |
| A．difficult | B．easy | C．valuable | D．perfect |
| A．determination | B．intelligence | C．reputation | D．confidence |
| A．design | B．clear | C．build | D．wash |
| A．put on | B．pass down | C．pick up | D．burn off |
| A．enjoy | B．miss | C．stop | D．escape |
| A．reality | B．labor | C．dream | D．faith |
| A．saving | B．collecting | C．donating | D．achieving |
| A．seek | B．imagine | C．post | D．examine |
| A．help out | B．show off | C．turn around | D．run away |
| A．lesson | B．skill | C．map | D．style |
