1 . Running is often tiring and a lot of hard work, but nothing beats the feeling you get after finishing a long workout around the track.
But while it’s long been believed that endorphins (内啡肽) —chemicals in the body that cause happiness—are behind the so-called “runner’s high”, a study suggested that there may be more to this phenomenon than we previously knew.
According to a recent study published by a group of scientists from several German universities, a group of chemicals called endocannabinoids (内源性大麻素) may actually be responsible for this familiar great feeling.
To test this theory, the scientists turned to mice. Both mice and humans release high levels of endorphins and endocannabinoids after exercise. After exercising on running wheels, the mice seemed happy and relaxed and displayed no signs of anxiety. But after being given a drug to block their endorphins, the mice’s behavior didn’t seem to change. However, when their endocannabinoids were blocked with a different drug, their runners’ high symptoms seemed to fade.
“The long-held notion of endorphins being responsible for the runner’s high is false. Endorphins are effective pain relievers, but only when it comes to the pain in your body and muscles you feel after working out,” Patrick Lucas Austin wrote on science blog Lifchacker.
Similar studies are yet to be carried out on humans, but it’s already known that exercise is a highly effective way to get rid of stress or anxiety. The UK’s National Health Service even prescribes (开药 方) exercise to patients who are suffering from depression. “Being depressed can leave you feeling low in energy, which might put you off being more active. Regular exercise can improve your mood if you have depression, and its especially useful for people with mild to moderate (中等的) depression,” it wrote on its website.
It seems like nothing can beat that feeling we get after a good workout, even if we don’t fully understand where it comes from. At least if we’re feeling down, we know that all we have to do is to put on our running shoes.
1. What did scientists from German universities recently discover?| A．Working out is a highly effective way to treat depression. |
| B．The runner’s high could be caused by endocannabinoids. |
| C．Endorphins may contribute to one’s high spirits after running. |
| D．The level of endorphins and endocannabinoids could affect one’s mood. |
| A．To find what reduces the runner’s high symptoms. |
| B．To see the specific symptoms of the runner’s high. |
| C．To identify what is responsible for the runner’s high. |
| D．To test what influences the level of endocannabinoids released. |
| A．Effect. | B．Goal. | C．Opinion. | D．Question |
| A．They can help ease depression symptoms. |
| B．They are the best way to treat depression. |
| C．They only work for those with serious depression. |
| D．They can help people completely recover from depression. |
2 . Physical education, or PE, isn’t required for all high school students. In some schools, it isn’t offered for some different reasons. But should high school students have physical education? The answer is certainly “yes”.
Today many people don’t do sports. But as is known to all. doing sports is very important for an adult. Teaching teens the importance of a healthy lifestyle and making fitness plans now can help teens put exercise in the first place as an adult.
High school isn’t that easy. Many students are under a lot of stress. Stress can be harmful to a student’s studies and life. Doing sports can help them deal with stress better, helping them live a happier life at school.
The American Heart Association says that 10 million kids and teens suffer from obesity (肥胖). Teens should get 60 minutes of physical activity per day to control their weight and to help their bones get stronger. The increase in activities that don’t get teens to move around, such as computer games, means many teens don’t get their required exercise. PE classes act as a public health measure (措施) to encourage physical activities and help teens have healthy weights.
Not doing sports increases teens’ hazard of developing many diseases. An active lifestyle offers a good way of protection from these health problems. As much as 75 percent of health-care spending goes toward treating medical conditions that can be prevented by lifestyle changes, according to the American College of Sports Medicine.
According to the President’s Council on Fitness, Sports and Nutrition (PCFSN), students who performed five hours of physical activities each week improved their academic (学业的) performance. Students from programs with no physical activity, who used the extra time for classroom study, did not perform better on tests than those who gave up some study time in support of physical education.
1. According to Paragraph 2, what does physical education in high school mean?| A．Making teens attach importance to ęxercise later. |
| B．Removing the stress faced by teens at school. |
| C．Getting teens to encourage adults to exercise. |
| D．Helping teens learn to make good plans |
| A．Happiness. | B．Risk. | C．Safety. | D．Sadness. |
| A．means making students choose between sports and studies |
| B．helps students make good use of all their time |
| C．means students adjust to their studies better |
| D．helps students do better in their studies |
| A．Why high school students should receive physical education. |
| B．Why some schools consider physical education important. |
| C．How schools can help students love doing sports. |
| D．How high school students can live a better life. |
Hannah tightened her helmet, a man's voice boomed from the louder-speakers: "Participants in the Five-Mile Junior Fat-tire Race. Please gather behind the orange flags."
Her heart was filled with excitement. First prize was a mountain bike. On a bike like that, she'd fly through the woods.
"Three, two, one, go!"
The lead--dut(引路人) made turn onto section of single track(小道) and gathered speed. girl with red hair rolled in behind him. The lead-out sped up again. Hannah slowed down for the hill, following close behind the red-haired girl, but the girl was gaining speed.
Hannah sped up and pedaled(骑行) the downhill section. Still, the red-haired- girl biked faster. They crossed wooden bridge. The lead-out and the girl disappeared behind a thick stand of trees. When Hannah glanced over her shoulder, she saw nobody behind her.
Hannah watched for the orange arrows(箭头) marking the course and biked through the muddy fields. "The girl might still get tired, "she thought. Then Hannah saw her. At the edge of the forest, the girl was bending her knees by her bike, the lead-out next to her. The girl must have gotten a flat. Hannah biked faster. She didn't slow down the hill but pedaled harder. She wiped the sweat from her eyes, breathless. The lead-out noticed her and jumped on his bike. Hannah was close enough now to see the girl putting the chain on the chain ring
Hannah felt energy flowing through her as she followed the lead-out past the girl into the woods. Maybe she could win.
In the middle of a small grassland, Hannah looked back. The girl was coming up behind her at crazy speed.
Hannah reached fork(岔路) in the trail. The lead-out- was nowhere in sight, but on her left was the sign with the orange arrow. When she turned, her foot slipped off the pedal, and she accidentally kicked the sign over
注意:
1.所续写的短文词数应为150左右;
2.应使用至少5个以上短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3.续写部分分为二段,每段的开头语已经为你写好:
4.续写完成后,请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph1:
“I need to stop and fix the sign, or the other racer might get lost.” She thought .
Paragraph 2:
Looking at the shining mountain bike, Hannah felt like crying
Shay asked, ”Do you think they'll let me play?” Shay’s father knew that most of the boys would not want someone like Shay on their team. After all, Shay was not a normal boy-stricken by a deadly disease, he was both mentally and physically disabled. He was a bit crippled(瘸) and tended to lose physical balance while running. Worse still, he was intelligently retarded - he was not as clever as kids of his age. For Shay, each day meant a fight for survival, but each day, he desired to join other kids in games, and like other kids, he dreamt of being a hero of a game.
Shay's father understood that soccer was not for Shay, but if his son were allowed to play, it would give him a much-needed sense of belonging and some confidence.He approached one of the boys on the field and asked if Shay could play, not expecting much. The boy paused and thought to himself, “We're losing by one goal and the game is in the second half. Shay's gonna decrease our chance to win." He hesitated for a while but said determinedly, “I guess he can be on our team and we'll try to put him on the field."
Overjoyed and excited, Shay struggled over to the team's bench and put on a team shirt with a broad smile. Seeing all this, his father had a small tear in his eye and warmth in heart. Simply a position on the bench was good enough for Shay to enjoy his dream. The boys on both team saw the father's joy at his son being accepted.
注意：1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
In the last ten minutes, Shay got the chance and stepped on the field.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
The game continued, and at the last minute one of the boy passed the ball in the direction of Shay.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
5 . Improving as a runner is about more than just running all of the time.
Keep a relaxed but strong upper body to conserve energy efficiently. You want to keep your chin(下巴)up and your shoulders back, with loose, relaxed arm and hand muscles. Your elbows are bent at 90 degrees but swing freely. If anything, the only muscles you want to focus on keeping strong and tight are the ones in your core(核心).
Use your light run to work up a light sweat. A higher body temperature ensures your muscles are loose and flexible, and your body is pumping blood effectively throughout. For everything other than easy runs, use the first five to ten minutes to build a light sweat and get your body ready for exercise.
| A．Don't feel like an easy day is "cheating". |
| B．Alternate easy and hard runs to build strength rapidly. |
| C．Even five minutes of walking is a good way to get started. |
| D．"Warming up" truly means you want to warm up your body. |
| E．You are to pay a little attention to details and a smart training plan. |
| F．That's because this will naturally help you efficiently channel energy. |
| G．Remember to relax your face and neck muscles instead of tensing them |
6 . I believe even the smartest people have to work hard to achieve success. People make themselves into winners by their own
Many years ago, I took the head
I started doing anything I could to help them build a little
Six months after our defeat, we won our first game and our second, and continued to
| A．tests | B．luck | C．efforts | D．nature |
| A．operating | B．editing | C．consulting | D．coaching |
| A．new | B．excellent | C．strong | D．successful |
| A．cheer for | B．prepare for | C．help with | D．finish with |
| A．realize | B．claim | C．permit | D．demand |
| A．decision | B．attitude | C．conclusion | D．intention |
| A．pride | B．culture | C．fortune | D．relationship |
| A．leaders | B．partners | C．winners | D．learners |
| A．risked | B．missed | C．considered | D．practiced |
| A．expand | B．improve | C．relax | D．defend |
| A．shame | B．burden | C．victory | D．favor |
| A．chance | B．joy | C．concern | D．offer |
| A．surprise | B．relate | C．interest | D．affect |
| A．encouraged | B．observed | C．protected | D．impressed |
| A．naturally | B．individually | C．calmly | D．differently |
7 . Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shows, while most likely contributing to fewer injuries. It does, however, have its own problem.
Race walkers are conditioned athletes. The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon. But the sport’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight through most of the leg swing and one foot remain in contact (接触) with the ground at all times. It’s this strange form that makes race walking such an attractive activity, however, says Jaclyn Norberg, an assistant professor of exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says, According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories(卡路里) per hour, which is approximately twice as many as they would burn walking, although fewer than running, which would probably burn about 1,000 or more calories per hour.
However, race walking does not pound the body as much as running does, Dr. Norberg says. According to her research, runners hit the ground with as much as four times their body weight per step, while race walkers, who do not leave the ground, create only about 1.4 times their body weight with each step.
As a result, she says, some of the injuries associated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncommon among race walkers. But the sport’s strange form does place considerable stress on the ankles and hips, so people with a history of such injuries might want to be cautious in adopting the sport. In fact, anyone wishing to try race walking should probably first consult a coach or experienced racer to learn proper technique, she says. It takes some practice.
1. Why are race walkers conditioned athletes?| A．They must run long distances. |
| B．They are qualified for the marathon. |
| C．They have to follow special rules. |
| D．They are good at swinging their legs. |
| A．It’s more popular at the Olympics. |
| B．It’s less challenging physically. |
| C．It’s more effective in body building. |
| D．It’s less likely to cause knee injuries. |
| A．Getting experts’ opinions. |
| B．Having a medical checkup. |
| C．Hiring an experienced coach. |
| D．Doing regular exercises. |
| A．Skeptical. | B．Objective. |
| C．Tolerant. | D．Conservative. |
8 . E-Sports,short for electronic sports,is one of the growing industries in the world,with prizes totaling around $25 million up for grabs in some tournaments. E-Sports are professional multiplayer video game competitions. Any video game with a strong competitive element is considered e-Sports.The competition models itself after traditional professional sports in several ways: it uses corresponding tournament formats,involves player contracts, and is governed by regulations. The athletes who compete in e-Sports competitions are gamers．
The history of e-Sports dates back to 1972 when some Stanford University students competed in the Intergalactic Space War Olympics for the opportunity to win a one-year subscription to the Rolling Stone Magazine. E-Sports pretty much continued on the rather quiet path until the 80s when competitions like the Space Invaders Championship shot them to the spotlight. 2002 marked the beginning of a new era for the sport and laid the foundation for what e-Sports would become thanks to the release of the Xbox live, which brought online play to consoles. Halo Ⅱ became the first game to be shown on national television for Major League Gaming in 2004, paving the way for e-Sports to become a global phenomenon.
Today, e-Sports are growing at a rapid pace thanks to advance in technology and the arrival of streaming services like Twitch which have exposed video game competitions to a new audience due to their extensive reach.
To understand how much impact Twitch has made, data from gaming analyst group Newzoo show that e-Sports global audience increased 43 percent from 204 million to 292 million between 2014 and 2016. Interestingly, this coincides (一致) with Amazon's acquisition of Twitch in 2014 and its effort to make the competition a spectator sport.
1. What do we know about e-Sports?| A．They are strongly competitive. |
| B．They spread worldwide overnight. |
| C．They totally differ from traditional ones. |
| D．The athletes in the sports are programmers. |
| A．The origin of e-Sports. |
| B．The variety of e-Sports. |
| C．The advantages of e-Sports. |
| D．The development of e-Sports. |
| A．Doubtful. | B．Uncertain. |
| C．Hopeful. | D．Worried. |
| A．To introduce Newzoo. | B．To conduct a research. |
| C．To show the influence of Twitch. | D．To arouse the audience's interest. |
9 . For the first time in 10 years, the United States government has changed its guidance on how much exercise people need to stay healthy and when they should start.
For children and teens
The new guidance states that the most important time for children to begin exercising is between the ages of 3 and 5.
Doctors say it is important to start young.They add that from birth to age 5, a child’s brain develops more than at any other time in life.
But that does not mean putting a small kid on a treadmill(跑步机)or other exercise equipment.
For adults
For adults, the guidelines recommend exercising 150 minutes a week. That could be walking, gardening, dancing, etc.
| A．Any kind of activity that gets people exercising will do. |
| B．Aerobic activity works only if it lasts for at least 10 minutes. |
| C．Simply giving a kid the time and space to play actively is enough. |
| D．Children above 5 can have a relatively shorter time for daily exercise. |
| E．Children in this age range require about three hours’ active activities daily. |
| F．Attaining the health benefits from exercise may be harder than earlier thought. |
| G．These developments have a 1asting effect on a child’s ability to succeed in life. |
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2.只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Hi, Tom! Very glad to learn that you’re interested in many kinds of sports activity. Since sports are important for students’ health, our school builds a large playground and a gym which there are all kinds of sports equipment. They do morning exercises every day and take P.E. classes every week. What’s more, we play a variety sports after class. Most of us enjoy playing the basketball, volleyball and table tennis. As for me, play football is my favourite. I was a member of the school football team and we practise it a lot regular. I do hope you like it, either, and we can play it together some day later.
