1 . Skiing has been around since early civilization, evidenced by a 5,000-year-old rock carving representing men on skis hunting deer in Norway, and the discovery of a ski dating back to 6000 B.C. found in Vis, Russia. Historians debate where skiing first got its start, though; some argue that it was in Altay, China, in 8000 B.C.

Modern skiing, however, can date back to the Scandinavians, who mainly used skis as a means of travel or for other practical purposes, particularly the Indigenous Sámi people in Norway, Finland, and Sweden, writes Raymond Flower in The History of Skiing and Other Winter Sports. Norse myths (挪威神话) even described Ull, a winter god, on skis with curved tips and included other stories of heroes and goddesses skiing down mountains.

Some of the first official competitions began around 1850 in Norway, with the first recorded race in Sweden held outside Stockholm in 1879. Skiing became a household word with the publication of the popular book offering a thrilling account of Norwegian explorer Fridtjof Nansen’s difficult and historic journey on skis across Greenland in 1888.

The sport spread to the Swiss Alps, where it was enjoyed largely by British vacationers, before clubs popped up around the world in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. Variations of the sport developed over the years, such as the slalom race (障碍滑雪), downhill jumping, and mountaineering. The British are largely credited with transforming skiing from its Scandinavian roots into the highly competitive sport it is now. In 1921, they developed rules that became widely accepted and adjusted the slalom race to include flag gates to test the skill of skiers’ turns.

Skiing then exploded in popularity after World War II, when ski resorts (胜地) gradually developed to receive single-day skiers as well as those taking longer vacations.

1. What can we learn about Raymond Flower?

A．He wrote about skiing.	B．He invented skiing.
C．He recorded Norse myths.	D．He was good at rock carving.

2. Why did skiing become a well-known word in the late 1800’s?

A．Some official competitions were held.	B．The British spread it all over the world.
C．It was written in the textbook on history.	D．An adventure book about skiing came out.

3. Who contributed most in changing skiing to a more competitive sport?

A．The Swiss.

B．The British.

C．The Norse.

D．The Finn.

4. What can be the best title for the text?

A．How Did Skiing Develop in Norway?	B．Why Did People Kill Time by Skiing?
C．What Are Skiing Adventures All About?	D．What Are the Ancient Origins of Skiing?

2 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

Though the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics ended on Feb. 20, it has left a deep impression     1     people across the globe.

At Beijing 2022, a total of 2,877 athletes from 91 countries and regions     2    (compete) for 109 gold medals. More than 45 percent of those athletes were women, an all-time high in the history of the Winter Olympics.

Athletes competed courageously     3    (exceed) limits, setting     4     number of new world records and Olympic records. Besides the competitions, the unique charm of Beijing, the first city to host both the Summer and Winter Olympic Games, and the     5    (thought) services that the city provided to all participants were also valued.

As the first global multi-sport event held as scheduled during the COVID-19 pandemic, the Beijing Winter Games prioritized the health and     6    (safe) of all participants. Our COVID-19 policy has been effective,     7     set a successful precedent (先例) for other major international     8    (event) held during the pandemic.

    9    (theme) “Together for a shared future”, the Beijing Games have also left the city with rich legacies,     10    (include) engaging 346 million people in ice and snow sports as well as hosting the Games in a more sustainable way.

3 . My parents love tennis and they' re members of a tennis club. My older brother was really good at it and they supported him — taking him to lessons all the time. So when I announced I wanted to be a tennis champion when I grew up, I just intended for them to notice me. My mother laughed. She knew I couldn't possibly be serious, I was just a 4-year-old kid!

Later, I joined the club's junior coaching group and eventually took part in my first proper contest, confident that my team would do well. We won, which was fantastic, but I wasn't so successful. I didn't even want to be in the team photo because I didn't feel I deserved to be. When my coach asked what happened in my final match, I didn't know what to say. I couldn't believe I'd lost. I thought I was the better player. But every time I attacked, the other player defended well. I couldn't explain the result.

After that, I decided to listen more carefully to my coach because he had lots of tips. I realised that I need the right attitude to be a winner. On court I have a plan but sometimes the other guy will do something unexpected so I'll change it. If I lose a point, I do my best to forget it and find a way to win the next one.

At tournaments, it's impossible to avoid players who explode in anger. Lots of players can be negative, including myself sometimes. I felt angry and nearly broke my racket! But my coach has helped me develop ways to control those feelings. After all, the judges have a hard job and you just have to accept their decisions.

My coach demands that I train in the gym to make sure I'm strong right to the end of a tournament. I'm getting good results: my shots are more accurate and there's a chance that I could be a champion one day with hard work.

1. The author said that he was going to be a tennis champion in order to ________.

A．please his parents	B．annoy his older brother
C．get some attention	D．persuade people that he was serious

2. How did the author feel after his first important competition?

A．He was confused about his defeat.	B．He was proud to be a member of the winning team.
C．He was fond of the way he treated another player.	D．He was amazed that he had got so far in the tournament.

3. What does the author try to remember when he's on the court?

A．Follow his game plan.	B．Respect the other player.
C．Don't let the other player surprise him.	D．Don't keep thinking about his mistakes.

4. What does the author say about his behaviour in tournaments?

A．He tries to keep calm during the game.	B．He broke his racket once when he was angry.
C．He stays away from players who behave badly.	D．He found it difficult to deal with one judge's decisions.

4 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Standing in the National Speed Skating Oval, China’s former speed skating world champion Wang Beixing had mixed emotions. She was jealous of those young athletes who had the chance     1     (skate) on the new rink (溜冰场). And she felt very glad as the testing program in the venue,    2     (know) as the “Ice Ribbon”, was going as smoothly as the athletes skated on the gleaming ice.

Following the     3     (success) testing program on snow in February, the “Experience Beijing” ice sports testing series for the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics and Paralympics,    4     (consist) of five Olympic events and two para events, got underway     5     April 1 and 10 in five different competition venues, including the National Speed Skating Oval     6     the 36-year-old Wang Beixing works as the stadium’s sports director.

“The testing program in the ‘Ice Ribbon’ had three     7     (priority). First is the ice. We need to make sure the ice will be     8     perfect quality during the Winter Olympics, Wang said. “The second would be the competition facilities including the safety cushions, training equipment and so on, which     9     (be) mostly relevant to the athletes, and we want feedback from them, “Thirdly, we also need to drill on the operation teams,” she said. “    10     (certain), I feel very glad because the competition went well and I am satisfied with the result of the rehearsals.”

5 . I love training with my husband Chris. We do our own exercises separately, but then we really enjoy spending 30—40 minutes doing something we both like together. I also train with my family — my brother, his wife and our cousins will come to our house every now and then to train together. It's like family fun time! A little bit of competition also makes us work out harder.

Laziness, as you know, is contagious. But so is enthusiasm. If you can get your partner on board, you will be able to encourage each other on those days when the other doesn't feel like moving. If you set yourself a challenge and add competition to the mix, I promise you that the training will be much more fun. Time will fly by and you'll want to do it again.

This is why I wanted to learn Chris' favourite sport — surfing. Not only would we have more things to do together, but it would be a great challenge for me. In turn, I have introduced Chris to two of my favourite activities: horse riding and motorbiking. Now he also loves them, which means we have even more chances to have fun together. Encouraged by our example, my brother and his wife now train together too. This is what it's all about at the end of the day: quality time with your partner.

What if you don't have a partner? Well, I'm sure you have a friend who would love to train with you. Or, if you have young children, why not train in the backyard with another parent while they play? You just need some music. The important thing is to have a plan and to make the time to do it. It will be much more fun than doing it on your own.

1. How does the author train with her husband?

A．They train on a daily basis.	B．They start with separate training.
C．They train for half an hour each time.	D．They always try to do the same exercise.

2. What happens when the author trains with the family?

A．Everyone gets more active.	B．Everyone relaxes after work.
C．Everyone is very competitive.	D．Everyone feels time is slowing down.

3. How does the author find surfing?

A．It's more for men than women.	B．It makes her feel discouraged.
C．It's not so hard as she expected.	D．It requires lots of hard work to learn.

4. What is the author trying to do in the last paragraph?

A．To look for help.	B．To express thanks.
C．To make a promise.	D．To give encouragement.

6 . Once Popular Sports in Ancient Capital Xi'an

The ancient capital Xi'an in Northwest China's Shaanxi province is holding the National Games. As the capital of 13 dynasties throughout Chinese history, the ancient city has never been far from sports. Starting from the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Tang Dynasty, the city has held many sports events.

Cuju: Origin of modern soccer

Cuju was an ancient Chinese competitive game involving kicking a ball through an opening into a net. As the ancestor of soccer, it first appeared in the renowned ancient Chinese historical work Zhan Guo Ce（“Strategies of the Warring States”）, which describedCuju as a form of entertainment among the general public. Later, cuju was commonly played in the army for military training purposes, during the Han Dynasty.

Jiaodi: Chinese-style wrestling

Sumo, known as Japan's “national sport”, actually started in ancient China. Sumo was called jiaodi or jiaoli in ancient times. Ancient jiaodi,a Chinese-style wrestling, was performed by athletes wearing ox horns and wrestling with each other imitating wild oxen. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, jiaodi was highly favored by emperors. In the Tang Dynasty, jiaodi was part of military training and a kind of entrainment and athletic sports.

Jiju: Ancient polo

Jiju is a sport which uses a stick to hit balls while riding on a horse, pretty similar to modern polo. It was popular in the royal court and among common people in the Tang Dynasty. There were many fields for playing polo in the court and it was also a major military training program in the army. In the Tang Dynasty capital, there were formal polo courts, such as the stadium pavilion in Chang' an palace.

Archery

During ancient times, the origin of archery was closely related with hunting and defense. Ancient archery was not only an athletic event,a military training program, and an entertainment activity, but also part of education. As early as in Zhou Dynasty, the archery was listed as one of the six practical disciplines, also called the Six Arts, becoming an important and competitive form.

1. Which was popular in the army during the Han Dynasty?

A．Cuju.	B．Jiaodi.
C．Jiju.	D．Archery.

2. How did people play Jiju in Tang Dynasty?

A．Only by riding a horse.

B．By hitting balls wearing ox horns.

C．By kicking a ball through an opening into a net.

D．By hitting balls while riding on a horse with a stick.

3. What did the four games have in common?

A．They were only for entertainment.

B．They all disappeared late gradually.

C．They were military training programs.

D．They all originated from Han Dynasty.