One day, Gina received a smartphone. But she didn’t know how to use it. So Gina went to her daughter’s house to ask her grandson, Josh, for help.
When seeing Josh, Gina asked him for help. “Sorry Grandma. I have to leave for baseball now,” Josh answered from the sofa, his eyes locked on his own phone. Then he stood up, took his baseball bag, and left. Over the next few days, Gina went to see Josh several times. However, Josh always had something to do, giving excuses such as going to the movies.
Gina finally understood Josh actually didn’t want to help her. She stopped asking him. She turned to some friends for help. Before long, she learned how to use her phone to read stories, communicate with friends, etc.
Later, on a Monday evening, Gina visited her daughter, Oona. They happily talked when Josh was making dinner. Suddenly, they heard Josh crying out. Oona rushed towards the kitchen. Gina followed and found Josh’s hands burned by hot water by accident. “Mom, I think we need to go to the hospital,” Oona said. “Yes, I’ll drive,” Gina said.
At last, the doctor said Josh would be fine after a few days, but his hands would be bandaged (用绷带包扎). Josh was also advised not to go to school for some days so he could rest and get better soon. Oona asked Josh’s best friend to tell him his homework.
On Wednesday, Josh was alone at home. His grandma came to help make lunch for him, because he couldn’t use his hands. While Gina was cooking, Josh wanted to check his homework. His friend had sent his homework assignment to his phone through emails and text messages. But Josh couldn’t operate his phone. He realized he had to ask his grandma to help him out.
And he suddenly remembered he had refused to help his grandma when she asked for help with her phone. He was regretful and afraid she wouldn’t help him. But he decided to have a try.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右;
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
“Grandma,” he finally said, standing before the kitchen,
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Then, Gina sent Josh’s homework assignment to his computer.
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A report showed that a crowd of
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3 . Kishwar Chowdhury, who has won millions of hearts with her native food, came a long way from being a home chef to a Masterchef Australia (Australia’s cooking show) finalist, wining the judges with Bengali food.
The 38-year-old has quite a
She had cooked a
| A．constant | B．contrasting | C．connective | D．common |
| A．pursued | B．succeeded | C．contained | D．searched |
| A．wasted | B．squeezed | C．spent | D．spared |
| A．establishing | B．examining | C．completing | D．copying |
| A．patience | B．experience | C．fund | D．talent |
| A．leader | B．partner | C．audience | D．finalist |
| A．casual | B．wide | C．free | D．relevant |
| A．impressing | B．inspiring | C．reminding | D．awarding |
| A．possessed | B．bought | C．presented | D．promised |
| A．precious. | B．leftover | C．occasional | D．fresh |
| A．emotional | B．sensitive | C．scared | D．conscious |
| A．customer | B．culture | C．cuisine | D．literature |
| A．take over | B．toss down | C．pass down | D．set up |
| A．activities. | B．themes | C．population | D．generations |
| A．experience | B．honour | C．affect | D．equal |
4 . Researchers at the University of Helsinki recently examined hyperactivity (过分好动) and inattention in more than 11, 000 Finnish pet dogs. They found that the dog’s age and gender, as well as exposure to other dogs, played a part.
“We wanted to collect a large behavioral data of dogs to better understand behavior problems that are common in our companion dogs. We studied seven characteristics: noise sensitivity, fearfulness, fear of surfaces and heights, inattention, compulsive behavior, separation – related behavior, and aggression,” says Sini Sulkama, a researcher at the University of Helsinki.
Their goal was to identify demographic (人口统计的), environmental, and behavioral risk factors that could influence these anxiety - related characteristics in dogs. Their analysis showed that hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention were more common in young dogs and male dogs. They also found some major differences among breeds.
Interestingly, researchers discovered that the owner’s experience with dogs also had an impact. They found that hyperactivity and impulsivity are more common in dogs that aren’t their owners’ first dogs. “We can only conclude the possible relationship between these factors, but one possible explanation is that people try to choose easy individuals from less active breeds, like companion dog breeds as their first dogs,” says Sulkama.
They also calculated the urban environmental score for each dog. That describes how the land is used around the dog’s current home, breaking it down into artificial surface, agricultural areas, forests, and semi natural areas.
Although it might seem like most dogs are easily distracted to some extent, studies suggest that about 15% of dogs display high levels of hyperactivity and 20% show high levels of inattention. Researchers say they can make it easier to identify and treat dogs’ hyperactivity and inattention and may benefit the research. They can also be helpful when choosing to add a dog to the family. You might want to adopt a pet with the characteristics of a breed that matches your lifestyle.
1. What’s one of the factors causing dogs’ hyperactivity?| A．Their noise sensitivity. | B．Their owners’ character, |
| C．Their aggressive behavior. | D．Their exposure to other dogs. |
| A．The research content. | B．The research process. |
| C．The background of the study. | D．The composition of the research team. |
| A．Active dogs are less likely to suffer from hyperactivity. | B．People are sick of dogs with hyperactivity. |
| C．Hyperactivity in dogs is transmitted by their owners. | D．People’s first pet dog is often less active. |
| A．To understand dogs’ behavioral problems. | B．To collect a large behavioral data of dogs. |
| C．To help a company promote pet supplies. | D．To research dogs’ mental health. |
5 . What if AI could interpret your imagination, turning images in your mind into reality? While that sounds like a detail in a science fiction, researchers have now accomplished exactly this. Researchers found that they could reconstruct highly accurate images from brain activity by using the popular stable diffusion (扩散) image generation model. The authors wrote that unlike previous studies, they didn’t need to train the AI models to create these images.
The researchers said that they first predicted a potential representation, which is a model of the image’s data, from fMRI (功能性磁共振成像) signals. Then, the model was processed and noise was added to it through the diffusion process. Finally, the researchers decoded (解码) text representations from fMRI signals and used them as input to produce a final constructed image.
The researchers wrote that a few studies have produced good reconstructions of images but it was only after training. This resulted in limitations because training complex models are challenging and there are not many samples to work with. Prior to this new study, no other researchers had tried using diffusion models for visual reconstruction.
In the past, we’ve seen other examples of how brainwaves and brain functions can create images. In 2014, a Shanghai - based artist Jody Xiong used sensors to connect sixteen people with disabilities to balloons of paint. The people would then use their thoughts to burst specific balloons and create their own paintings.
With the advancement of AI, more and more researchers have been testing the ways AI models can work with the human brain. In a January 2022 study, researchers at Radboud University in the Netherlands trained an AI network on fMRI data from 1, 050 unique faces and converted the brain imaging results into actual images. The study found that the AI was able to perform reconstruction. In the latest study, the researchers found that current diffusion models can now achieve high-quality visual reconstruction.
1. How did researchers make images from brain activity in the previous research?| A．By using generation model. | B．By training AI models. |
| C．By reconstructing mind. | D．By predicting people’s imagination. |
| A．The fMRI signals | B．The diffusion text. |
| C．The processed model. | D．The text representation. |
| A．Their training work is very challenging. |
| B．They’ve made training models less complex. |
| C．Nobody has reconstructed images by brainwaves. |
| D．They can reconstruct accurate images from brain activity. |
| A．Few researchers have used AI to make reconstruct images. |
| B．Scientists should do more to make high - quality reconstruction. |
| C．The AI models should be improved to work with fMRI data. |
| D．The AI contributes a lot to good visual reconstruction. |
6 . The city of Phoenix and its surrounding areas are known as the Valley of the Sun and there are so many entry-level hiking trails for explorers in Phoenix. If you’re looking for a casual walk, check out one of these easy hiking trails in Phoenix.
Judith Tunnell Accessible Trail: This is a barrier free trail that makes it easy to get out and enjoy the beauty of South Mountain Park, which is a city park and preserve that boasts the title of largest municipal (市政的) park in the country. Hike along to enjoy the beautiful scenery and then stop to relax at one of the trail side benches.
Difficulty: Easiest
Distance: One - mile loop
Canal Trails: The canals throughout central Phoenix provide some of easy off – pavement hiking in the city. If you’ re just getting accustomed to walking over uneven dirt surfaces and aren’t quite ready to take on the ups and downs of many trail surfaces, the canal paths are for you.
Difficulty: Very easy
Distance: Varies
Trail 100 at North Mountain Park Visitor Center: This nice wide trail, part of the Phoenix Mountain Preserve, is popular with local hikers, runners, and mountain bikers, so be prepared to share the trail. The trail surface here is more uneven with casual ups and downs through desert washes.
Difficulty: Easy to moderate
Distance: About 2. 5 - mile loop
Papago Park: For a classic Phoenix experience, Papago Park is the answer. Depending on where you’re at in the park, you can catch views of the downtown Phoenix skyline, Tempe Town Lake, the Phoenix Zoo and historic Tovrea Castle.
Difficulty: Easy
Distance: 0. 2 mile.
1. Which might be the option for people liking mountain biking?| A．Canal Trails. | B．Papago Park. |
| C．Judith Tunnell Accessible Trail. | D．Trail 100 at North Mountain Park Visitor Center. |
| A．Their surface is very even. | B．They are friendly to beginners. |
| C．There are some benches along them. | D．They pass through a mix of desert landscapes. |
| A．In a fashion magazine. | B．In a science magazine. |
| C．In a travel brochure. | D．In a history book. |
The people of Kiunga, Kenya, have been forced to drink, cook and bathe in dirty and
The main issue is that water plants cost a lot
“Just $20 provides clean, healthy, fresh water for one person for
8 . At rush hour, as the highway to Mexico City is crowded with fast buses and cars, Manuel Amador is going the other
His destination is Ecatepec, a neighbourhood with a population of 1.7 million, an hour’s ride outside the capital. It’s where he has been
Mexico estimates a(n)
Mr. Amador says he was
“Here I feel good, because this is the first man, or
| A．association | B．community | C．area | D．direction |
| A．teaching | B．driving | C．traveling | D．singing |
| A．backward | B．dangerous | C．helpless | D．hopeless |
| A．decline | B．percentage | C．increase | D．trend |
| A．unsafe | B．uncomfortable | C．uncertain | D．unable |
| A．relieved | B．shocked | C．unsatisfied | D．frightened |
| A．violence | B．condition | C．pressure | D．damage |
| A．put | B．stick | C．leave | D．stand |
| A．affection | B．imagination | C．influence | D．devotion |
| A．classrooms | B．equipment | C．walls | D．surroundings |
| A．attend | B．create | C．collect | D．contain |
| A．idea | B．concept | C．realization | D．acceptance |
| A．attacks | B．hardships | C．disadvantages | D．sufferings |
| A．at last | B．at most | C．at least | D．at best |
| A．creates | B．recognizes | C．bears | D．ignores |
9 . Chemical farming is the most widespread way of farming. It is the conventional way in which large agricultural societies grow crops.
Chemical farming has a negative impact on the environment. Pesticides are used to protect plants from various pests, diseases, and weeds.
Organic farming relies on natural processes, biodiversity, and man-made fertilizer rather than the use of chemicals. In opposition to the negative effects that conventional farming has on the environment and human health, organic farming is an agricultural production system that does good to the health of soils, ecosystems, and people.
For the benefit of our health and our planet, we have to change our ways of farming.
| A．Chemical farming does damage to our health in many ways. |
| B．The shift from chemical farming to organic farming may take time. |
| C．Organic farming has great potentials in agricultural in future farming. |
| D．However, pesticides can also pollute the soil, water, or other vegetation. |
| E．It has been practiced in many agricultural countries for many many years. |
| F．It may be the cheapest and easiest option but it surely isn’t the best choice. |
| G．It produces no environmental pollution and offers various benefits to health. |
10 . As both a parent and a college professor, I have witnessed the destructive effects of test anxiety. Students with it can say quickly the material and explain complex content in a relaxed environment but fail in an exam. When it matters the most, students with test anxiety can convey the least.
Some students turn to drugs. With any medicine, there is a concern for safety, particularly when it is with the brain, the body’s most complicated and important organ. A new study suggests there may be a choice to these drugs for students: an open-label placebo (安慰剂).
Placebos have long been known to effectively reduce symptoms for different illnesses. Traditionally, service of a placebo treatment requires some tricks, in that people believe they are receiving an active, effective treatment, but in reality, they are taking a sugar pill or an activity that has no medical help. An open-label placebo is different: people are told from the start that they are receiving a placebo that contains no medication. And yet Schaefer’s findings indicate that people may still benefit from it.
Why did the placebo work? At this point, scientists are not entirely sure. Human mental processes can be changed by environment. Taking the pills each day may have encouraged participants to think about test anxiety and may have also provided a sense that they were doing something to deal with it.
Finally, although participants taking the placebos did show improvement on a number of self-report measures, they had no benefit over the control group with respect to scores on their final exams. They may have felt better about taking their exams, but those feelings did not change into improved test scores.
Despite these limits, the present findings are appealing and suggest a low-cost, low-risk way for reducing an all-too common problem among students.
1. What can be inferred from the first paragraph?| A．Test anxiety prevents some students perform normally in exams. |
| B．Test anxiety can improve some students’ performance after exams. |
| C．A relaxed atmosphere helps students bring out their best in exams. |
| D．Some students’ performance in exams is connected with environment. |
| A．Because people feel it necessary psychologically. |
| B．Because people’s psychological feelings are at work. |
| C．Because placebos are made from sugar and taste sweet. |
| D．Because placebos are an open choice for the people taking it. |
| A．Taking placebos can reduce test anxiety. |
| B．Taking placebos can improve test scores. |
| C．Taking placebos is not as effective as taking drugs. |
| D．Taking placebos can increase sense of achievement. |
| A．Drug, a public concern for brain safety. |
| B．Test anxiety, a destructive factor in exams. |
| C．Open-label placebo, a free choice for students. |
| D．Placebo, a likely way to deal with test anxiety. |
