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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了动物迁徙的遗传和文化两种模式,以及一种鸟类通过探索和精炼学习迁徙模式的特殊方式。

1 . In habitats across the planet, animals periodically drop everything to walk, fly or swim to a new place. Some animals such as whales and geese learn migration paths by following their parents. Others, including small songbirds, gain the distance and direction of their migration within their genetic code. And some animals use a combination of genetics and culture to guide their migration.

Another group of migrators does not quite fit either model, and researchers have only recently started to figure out how they find their way. The Cory’s shearwater is an oceangoing seabird that migrates over the Atlantic every year. The young do not migrate with their parents, so culture cannot explain their journeys. And the exact paths vary wildly from individual to individual, making genetics equally unlikely.

Cory’s shearwaters are long-lived, rarely producing young successfully before age nine. This leaves an opening for learning and practice to develop their migration patterns. Researchers call this the “exploration-refinement”, and until now it has been hypothetical (假设的) because of difficulties in tracking migratory animals’ movements.

But a team of researchers has done that by attaching small geolocators to more than 150 of the birds aged four to nine. They found that younger birds traveled longer distances, for longer periods, and had more diverse paths than older birds. “We finally have evidence of the ‘exploration-refinement’ for migratory birds,” says Letizia Campioni, who led the study. Younger Cory’s shearwaters are able to fly just as fast as the adults——but they do not, suggesting that the young do more exploring, which gradually fades as they mature and settle into a preferred course.

“Although it may seem less efficient than other strategies, exploration refinement could be beneficial to birds and other organisms in a rapidly changing world due to unpredictable man-made changes,” says Barbara Frei. “It might be safer to repeat a behavior that was recently successful than to rely on patterns that were perfected long ago but might no longer be safe.”

1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?
A.It describes animals’ habitats.B.It compares different species.
C.It talks about migration models.D.It introduces a tracking technology.
2. What does the underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refer to?
A.The opening for learning and practice.
B.The unique living habit of Cory’s shearwaters.
C.The process scientists track Cory’s shearwaters’ movements.
D.The way Cory’s shearwaters form their migration patterns.
3. What does Letizia’s study find about the younger Cory’s shearwaters?
A.They travel as much as adult birds.B.They lower the speed for exploration.
C.They move in a predictable manner.D.They look for a course with their parents.
4. What can we conclude from the last paragraph?
A.Exploration refinement contributes to birds’ adaptability.
B.Man-made changes make migration easier.
C.Animals make a safer journey via a fixed track.
D.A combination of strategies assures migration success
阅读理解-阅读单选(约240词) | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍了三个庆祝2023年中秋节和国庆节双节的活动。
2 . China Weekly
Updated: Sept 27, 2023
Tangshan, Hebei Province, launches night tourism

Tangshan, Hebei province, kicked off a tourism activity for night travelers on Hetou Old Street called the “Hebei Night Tour in Golden Autumn” event, which will last eight days starting on Friday(Sept.29). Travelers can enjoy a special kind of night beauty while exploring Hebei during the upcoming Mid-Autumn Festival and National Day holidays.

Foreigners in Shanghai celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival at Loutang ancient town

Foreigners living in Shanghai will gather at Loutang Ancient Town in Jiading on Friday to celebrate the Mid-Autumn Festival. During the event, people can engage in mooncake making as well as exploring other folk culture, such as Chinese shadow puppetry (皮影戏) and rabbit lanterns. They will also enjoy performances of Mid-Autumn Festival folk music while enjoying local traditional snacks.

Chinese in France share their culture at second Bellevill Mid-Autumn Food Festival

Young Chinese living in France will seize an opportunity to introduce Chinese culture on Mid-Autumn Festival according to Chinese lunar calendar. Led by the Belleville Joint Chamber of Commerce Association (BJCCA) and supported by the Association d’Entraide à l’Entreprenariat Des Jeunes Chinois (AEEJC), the second annual Belleville Mid-Autumn Food Festival will offer an opportunity for French residents to enjoy true traditional Chinese tasty foods with a significant get-together cultural meaning.

1. Which day suits you best if you want to explore the beautiful night scenery in Tangshan?
A.Sept. 19, 2023.B.Sept. 27, 2023.C.Oct. 2, 2023.D.Oct. 14, 2023.
2. What will foreigners gathering at Loutang Ancient Town on Friday do?
A.Design dragon lanterns.B.Compose folk music.
C.Try cooking local food.D.Make Chinese mooncakes.
3. What do the last two events have in common?
A.Enjoying Chinese art.B.Spreading Chinese culture.
C.Sharing French food.D.Introducing foreign festivals.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约260词) | 较易(0.85) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了春节是中国人最重要的节日,庆祝时间长达15天;过年前要进行大扫除来驱逐不好的运气,用红色装饰来带来好运;过年时大家一起吃饺子,互赠红包,多讲吉利话和不做破坏他人幸福的事情等。

3 . The Spring Festival is the biggest festival for Chinese people all around the world.The celebration usually lasts for 15 days.There is a lot to do.

On the eve of the Spring Festival, family members get together and have a big meal. Their favourite dish on this day is dumplings.

Days before the Spring Festival, families will clean their houses. People think cleaning sweeps away bad luck. It makes the house ready for good luck.

The colour red is everywhere during the Spring Festival. People think red is a happy colour and will bring them a bright future. People wear red, too. They decorate their homes with pieces of red paper. Kids get a lot of “hongbao”. It is a red paper bag with money in it. Usually, older people give younger ones “hongbao”. They think it brings good luck.

The Spring Festival is the time to make everybody happy. So don’t say any bad words or do anything that will bring unhappiness to other people. For instance, you’d better not say any bad words like “death”. Don’t break anything. People think that means your luck is running out.

Also, don’t borrow or lend money on these days. If you have borrowed money, return it before the Spring Festival.

1. What do most people do on the eve of the Spring Festival?
A.Family members gather for a big meal.
B.Friends eat dumplings together.
C.They borrow money from friends.
D.They give each other “hongbao”.
2. Why do people clean their houses days before the Spring Festival?
A.Because they enjoy cleaning.
B.Because it is believed that cleaning will sweep away bad luck.
C.Because they think it will bring happiness to others.
D.Because it is thought that cleaning brings in money.
3. Which of the following things is NOT supposed to happen during the Spring Festival?
A.Returning money before the Spring Festival.
B.Saying bad words like “death”.
C.Wearing red clothes.
D.Decorating houses with red paper.
4. We can tell from the story that the Spring Festival is         .
A.a time of harvest and fun
B.celebrated for one whole month
C.only celebrated in China
D.a time for families to get together
阅读理解-阅读单选(约330词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:本文是新闻报道。报道了德国总理肖尔茨欢迎中国汽车参加IAA Mobility 2023展览会,表示对中国竞争不担心,并强调德国仍是汽车行业的中流砥柱。

4 . German Chancellor Olaf Scholz has dismissed concerns that growing Chinese competition is a threat to the local automotive industry, while welcoming Chinese carmakers to Europe’s largest auto show, IAA Mobility 2023, in Munich.

The six-day event officially opened on Tuesday. Scholz said increased competition from China was good for the German auto industry. “Fair competition stimulates business. It is in the interest of consumers,” he said, “as Chinese electric vehicle companies show eased several new fully electric models, out shining some German automotive giants.” Competition should stimulate us on, not scare us.

“The countries that have achieved great prosperity in the course of globalization, the workers there, have no less right and no less claim to the opportunities of modernity than we do,” Scholz said of China.

“In the 1980s, it was said (that) Japanese cars would overrun the market. Twenty years later, it was cars made in South Korea and now supposedly Chinese electric cars,” Scholz, who wore a black eye patch due to an injury from a jogging accident on Saturday, said.

The German chancellor also expressed confidence in his country’s strengths. “There is no question about the international competitiveness of Germany as a car country,” he said, adding that “Germany is still the linchpin of the auto industry and will remain so.”

Jun Jin, an auto industry expert, said the international market provides great opportunities for Chinese EV (电动汽车) makers, given their strength in technology and costs. “But this does not simply mean repeating their China success story; they need to succeed by adopting local practices,” Jun told China Daily.

Chinese companies, he said, still count on exports and have a long way to go before manufacturing vehicles overseas, arranging global supply chains and improving services for local customers.

1. How did Scholz view increased competition from China in auto industry?
A.Scholz thought that Chinese competition is not a threat to the local auto industry.
B.Scholz was not concerned about the competition from China in auto industry
C.Scholz thought increased competition was harmful to the German auto industry.
D.Scholz thought that consumers of auto industry would be interested in the competition.
2. What can we infer from Scholz’s words in the third paragraph?
A.Developing countries has no right to achieve modernity.
B.China has the equal right and claim to seek modernity.
C.The workers in German has more opportunities than others.
D.The course of globalization will favor developed countries more.
3. What does the underlined word in the sixth paragraph mean?
A.serious problemB.noticeable weaknessC.angry consumerD.key role
4. What can we conclude from Jun Jin’s words?
A.Chinese EV makers has no advantage in technology in international market.
B.Chinese EV makers should adopt local practices in international market.
C.Chinese companies still have a long way to go in manufacturing vehicles.
D.Chinese companies is good at arranging global supply chains and services.
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。Seoyoung发明了一种可以帮助盲人绕过障碍物的新设备。

5 . While doing homework, Seoyoung Jun closed one eye and successfully picked up her pencil holder. She realized that directing herself in a 3D space didn’t require both eyes. This surprised her so much that she did some research. And she learned the brain can process 3D information with poor vision (视力) or even without any vision. Then the idea for Mind Beacon was born.

It uses a thin line of light to gather 3D information about the placement of walls, furniture and other things. Then the light sends that information back to Mind Beacon,which then raises little pins (大头针) to show where those obstacles (障碍物) are. Then blind people can “read” the position of those pins to understand the positions of structures and objects ahead and walk around them.

When the invention worked for the first time, Seoyoung didn’t believe it. She’d been up all night working on it. To be sure there wasn’t a mistake, she shut it off and started it up. It had been seven long months of research and testing. Now this tool can help disabled people create a mental image of their surroundings.

The heart of Mind Beacon is a 3D depth sensor that’s connected to a computer. That computer can control motors that are lined up in three rows of three. Each motor controls a pin that can move up and down. When the sensor finds an obstacle, the pin rises. It can rise to three different heights. Each height roughly represents the height of the obstacle. Someone who runs their hand over the nine pins can tell where the obstacle is and its general height.

Mind Beacon won Seoyoung a place at the world’s high school research competition, Right now, she wants to ameliorate it. She imagines in the future it can be connected to a smartphone, with more little pins to show the exact height of the obstacle. It would feel like a little map showing the location and size of the obstacle ahead.

1. What inspired Seoyoung to invent Mind Beacon?
A.The desire to win a competition.B.The blind’s good sense of touch.
C.Her wish to bring convenience to the disabled.D.Her ability to locate an object without full vision.
2. How does Mind Beacon help the blind?
A.By informing them of the obstacles in advance.
B.By teaching them to describe dangerous objects.
C.By making them have easy access to the Internet.
D.By training them to remember maps of their living areas.
3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.The limitations of Mind Beacon pins.B.The working process of Mind Beacon.
C.The role of computers in Mind Beacon.D.The effect of Mind Beacon on the blind.
4. What does the underlined word “ameliorate” probably mean?
A.Keep.B.SpreadC.Improve.D.Control.
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文章大意:这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了Nirvaan Agarwal从三岁开始参与保护动物的活动,为保护动物付出了很多努力。

6 . Nirvaan Agarwal found out early how powerful a kid’s voice can be. He was taking part in a protest against the mistreatment of animals at a local circus (马戏团) when he was 3 years old. “I passed out almost half copies of brochures,” Nirvaan told TIME for Kids. “People kept taking them from me because I was a little kid.”

Since then, Nirvaan, now 12, has been speaking out on a range of issues affecting animals, from their use in the fur (毛皮) industry to horse racing. That commitment shows in his personal life, too, He’s a vegan, which means he doesn’t eat food that comes from animals. He says, “It’s important to make a voice for animals because they can’t speak for themselves.” In the meantime, Nirvaan encourages other kids who care about animals to take action. “It’s never too early to help animals,” he says.

In 2022, he spoke before county officials in his hometown of Edison, New Jersey, relaying animal advocates’ concerns about the Johnson Park zoo, in Piscataway, which was always hit by flood, threatening the animals’ life, Nirvaan got results, Months later, it was finally closed and the animals were moved to shelters, Later that year, Nirvaan was recognized for his work by the animal-rights organization PETA Kids. He was named one of its Kids’ All-Star for Animals. The honor gave him a new viewpoint on his duty. “It makes me feel like I have the power to do something,” he says. “I feel like I can change the world.”

Even with all of his accomplishments, Nirvaan has big plans for the future, He says, “Ending the mistreatment of animals happens one step at a time. You can slowly break down the pillars (柱子) of a structure. Eventually, when you break down all of those pillars, the whole structure falls.” He hopes to be a chef and create vegan recipes someday.

1. What do we know about Nirvaan when he was 3 years old?
A.He used to go to circus animal shows.B.He was involved in significant things.
C.He learned a way to be liked by adults.D.He protested against printing brochures.
2. What did Nirvaan try to do to speak for animals?
A.Help horses go back to the natural world.B.Advise people to become vegans like him.
C.Advocate freeing animals from local zoos.D.Tell people not to kill animals for their fur.
3. What effect did the honor have on Nirvaan?
A.Resulting in his worry.B.Leading him to a new field.
C.Building his confidence.D.Inspiring him to join PETA Kids.
4. Which of the following can best describe Nirvaan?
A.Caring and responsible.B.Serious and optimistic.
C.Ambitious and humorous.D.Generous and sensitive.
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项关于锻炼有助于减少和预防抑郁症的研究。

7 . For people suffering from depression, there’s an all-natural treatment they should use — getting more exercise. It could help fight depression, even if people have a genetic risk, new research shows.

For the study, researchers collected information from nearly 8,000 people and found those with related genes were more likely to have depression over the next two years after examining them. But that was less likely for people who were more active at the study’s start, even if they had a family history of depression. Higher levels of physical activity helped protect even those with the highest genetic risk of depression.

Both high-intensity (高强度) exercise and low-intensity activities were associated with a reduced risk of depression. Adding four hours of exercise a week could lower the risk of a new episode (一段经历) of depression by 17%, according to the study. “Our findings strongly suggest that, when it comes to depression, being physically active has the potential to remove the added risk of future episodes in individuals who are genetically risky,” said lead author Karmel Choi. “On average, about 35 additional minutes of physical activity each day may help people to reduce their risk and protect against future depression episodes.”

Depression is a common mental illness globally, with more than 264 million people affected. “Depression is so ubiquitous, and that underlines the need for effective approaches that can impact as many people as possible,” Choi said. And mental health and primary care providers can use the findings to advise patients that there’s something meaningful they can do to lower their risk of depression.

1. How did the researchers reach their conclusion?
A.By analyzing a mass of data.
B.By conducting genetic research.
C.By comparing various levels of activity.
D.By tracking the subjects for many years.
2. What does the study show about depression?
A.Physical activity betters medical treatment.
B.Exercise is able to decrease and prevent it.
C.Different levels of exercise intensity matter the same.
D.Exercising 35 minutes daily is the most effective treatment.
3. What does the underlined word “ubiquitous” in paragraph 4 mean?
A.Harmful.B.Complex.
C.Unusual.D.Common.
4. What is the purpose of the text?
A.To discuss a disease.
B.To introduce a method.
C.To analyze a genetic risk.
D.To explain a phenomenon.
2023-12-23更新 | 94次组卷 | 28卷引用:安徽省合肥市庐巢八校联考2022-2023学年高一上学期集中练习2英语试题
阅读理解-阅读单选(约330词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文,本文以角蝉为例,详细地说明了动物间交流的声音。

8 . Animals, including humans, feel sound as well as hear it, and some of the most meaningful communication happens at frequencies (频率) that people can’t hear. Elephants, for example, use these low-frequency sounds to, among other things, find family or a mate across long distances. Whales do it, too.

But you don’t have to weigh a ton to make a sound. In fact, you don’t have to be bigger than a pea. Consider, for example, the tree-hopper, a curious little animal that lives on the stems (茎) of the leaves. University of Missouri biologist Rex Cocroft has spent much of his time listening closely to tree-hoppers with his team.

The team discovers that all the sounds being heard from tree-hoppers are produced by males. They do it by vibrating (振动) their abdomens (腹部) to make a wide variety of strange sounds. There is almost no airborne sound produced with these vibrational sounds. Cocroft explained, “If a tree-hopper were to stand on your finger and produce a sound, you would feel the vibration but hear no sound.”

They showed that some sounds, not surprisingly, seem to be aimed at attracting females. And some are aimed at other males.

Cocroft explained, “When two males meet each other, or when they are mate-searching on a branch, we’re hearing ‘purring, bdddddrrrr…’ sounds that males give.” Normally, a person couldn’t hear any of this, because the sound travels along the stem, inside it. And that’s how other tree-hoppers detect it.

Cocroft said tree-hoppers have very sensitive legs. And they stand around on stems, which are good at spreading vibrations. So they just use what nature gives them to communicate with each other.

“They have so many different forms of social behavior and grouping,” Cocroft explained. “And once there are animals living in groups, then there will be all sorts of interesting possibilities for communication.”

1. What does Cocroft’s research focus on about tree-hoppers?
A.Their variety.B.Their communication.
C.Their living areas.D.Their numbers.
2. What can we know about tree-hoppers?
A.They sense sounds by legs.
B.They knock the stems to make sounds.
C.Their sounds can be easily heard by humans.
D.Females make sounds to meet each other
3. What does Cocroft say about animals’ living in groups?
A.It is key to their survival.
B.It drives an increase in their numbers.
C.It often leads to communication.
D.It contributes much to the division of animal types.
4. What is the best title for the text?
A.A Magic Moment in NatureB.A Journey to the Wildlife
C.Learning From NatureD.Communication Sounds Among Animals
阅读理解-阅读单选(约230词) | 较易(0.85) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇应用文,介绍了四个能深入了解中国青铜器的博物馆。

9 . China is one of the world’s ancient civilizations and has the earliest outstanding bronze casting technology. Here we’ve created a list of 4 museums where you can gain an in-depth understanding of Chinese bronze.

Sanxingdui Museum

Address: Sanxingdui Ruin Site, 133 Xian Road, Guanghan, Deyang, Sichuan province

Hours: Comprehensive Gallery (the first exhibition hall): 8:30-18:00; Bronze Gallery (the second exhibition hall): 8:30-18:30. Last tickets sold at 17:00. Closed on the morning of Chinese New Year’s Eve

Ticket booking: 0838-5651526

General admission: Gallery ticket 80 yuan

Note: Children shorter than 1.2m (including 1.2m) can visit the gallery free of charge. The ticket must be used on the day it is sold and authorizes one visit to each gallery.

National Museum of China

Address: East side of Tian’anmen Square, Dongcheng district, Beijing

Hours: 8:30-17:00 (no entry after 16:30)

General admission: Free (passport required for entry), Closed Mondays (except for national holidays)

E-mail: webmaster@chnmuseum.cn

Shanghai Museum

Address: 201 Renmin Avenue, Huangpu district, Shanghai

Hours: 9:00-17:00 (no entry after 16:00), Closed Mondays (except for national holidays)

E-mail: webmaster@shanghai-museum.org

General admission: free (a max of 8, 000 admitted daily)

Hunan Museum

Address: 50 Dongfeng Road, Changsha, Hunan province

Hours:   9:00-17:00 (no entry after 16:00), Closed Mondays (except for national holidays) and the eve of Chinese New Year

Tel: (+86-731) 8415833, 84475933

E-mail: web@hnmuseum.com

General admission: Free (passport required for entry)

1. Which museum should you choose for your family to visit next Monday?
A.Sanxingdui MuseumB.Hunan Museum
C.Shanghai MuseumD.National Museum of China
2. What do these museums in this passage have in common?
A.They are all free of charge.B.They all set a deadline for entry.
C.They all lie in the south of China.D.They can all be available through E-mail.
3. In which part of a newspaper can you most probably read this passage?
A.ScienceB.Today’s NewsC.EntertainmentD.History and Culture
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文章大意:这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了荷兰禁止手机、平板、手表进入教室。

10 . Phones, tablets and smart watches will be mostly banned (禁止) from classrooms in the Netherlands from Jan 1, 2024, Sky News reported.

The move is meant to limit distractions from social media, messaging and other sites. Devices will only be allowed if they are needed for the lesson, for medical reasons, or for people with disabilities.

“Scientific research showed that mobile phones are a disturbance (打扰). We need to protect students against this,” said Robbert Dijkgraaf, Minister of Education, Culture and Science of the Netherlands. “Students need to be able to concentrate and need to be given the opportunity to study well.” Dijkgraaf noted that schools could manage the implementation of the ban themselves. However, he added that laws would follow if the results are not good enough.

The United Nations also warned of the risks of smartphones in schools, the BBC reported.

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) said that too much mobile phone use was linked to reduced educational performance. And high levels of screen time have a bad effect on children’s mind, noted The Guardian.

UNESCO said its call for a smartphone ban sent a clear message that all digital technology including artificial intelligence should always be less important than a human-centered vision of education and can never replace face-to-face interaction with teachers. Based on its analysis of 200 education systems around the world, UNESCO estimate one in four countries and regions had laws or policies banning phones in schools. Besides the Netherlands, France introduced its policy in 2018, and Finland had a similar decision in June. In 2021, the Ministry of Education in China banned mobile phones, tablets, and other digital devices in the classroom, Xinhua reported.

According to the policy, if such devices are brought to school, then they should be stored together in the same place. Meanwhile, the use of the devices for teaching purposes should not be over 30 percent of the total teaching time.

“Our school has strict rules to ban phones in class. Students who break the rules may lose their merit student qualification or admissions eligibility (保送) for college,” Dai Ting, a 17-year-old student from Chengdu, told Teens.

1. Which of the following is true according to the text?
A.Only disabled students are allowed to use smartphones in classrooms.
B.Personal communication with teachers is preferred.
C.30% of the teachers use digital devices in class.
D.Any digital devices found in classrooms will be destroyed.
2. Which the closest in meaning to the underlined word in paragraph 3?
A.Carrying out.B.Bringing out.C.Making out.D.Putting out.
3. What’s the students’ attitude towards the ban?
A.Supportive.B.Objective.C.Negative.D.Not mentioned.
4. What is the best title for this text?
A.Digital products totally banned in Netherlands
B.A ban on digital products in Netherlands schools
C.Digital products is a distraction in Netherlands schools
D.Digital products’ wide use in Netherlands schools
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