1 . In 1999, Giuliana Furci, founder and founding director of the Fungi (真菌) Foundation, developed a deep interest in fungi. They were everywhere, and the 20-year-old took particular joy in the variety of mushrooms: small and button-shaped; tall and umbrella-like; round with red caps topped with white flakes. Some were commonly found in people’s diets, for they were rich in nutrients such as vitamin, fiber, minerals and protein.

But Furci also quickly realized that these fungi went largely ignored in Chile, where there were few guidebooks and an almost total lack of policies and resources to protect them from over-harvesting and other human activities. Determined to correct this, Furci wrote a field guide and set up the Fungi Foundation—a nonprofit dedicated to fungi conservation. In her guide, special attention went to the role of fungi in the ecosystem.

“Life on the planet wouldn’t exist without fungi,” said Greg Mueller, a mushroom conservation expert. “Because of their relationship with forests and trees, we can’t survive without fungi. In terms of the health of the planet, they’re incredibly important to humans and the overall ecosystem.” Fungi can break down plants and animals, thus cycling nutrients and increasing their availability in the soil. They are also important contributors to the soil carbon stock through the same process. What’s more, fungi have been found to help degrade (降解) various pollutants, such as plastic. And mycelium (菌丝体), which is the root structure of mushrooms, is now being used to replace unsustainable materials, such as plastic and animal-based products.

Because of these, exploration of fungi was expanded at a faster pace. However, some were already listed as critically endangered. In 2010, Furci took an even bigger step—with other environmental nonprofits, she put forward a proposal for the government to systematically assess how large new developments such as housing, dams, and highways affect fungi. In 2012, a law was passed and Chile became the first country in the world to protect fungi by law.

1. What can we learn about Furci from the first two paragraphs?

A．She enjoyed collecting mushrooms.

B．She was fond of cooking mushrooms.

C．She worried about the situation of fungi.

D．She had a habit of writing field guidebooks.

2. What is Paragraph 3 of the text mainly about?

A．The life on earth without fungi.

B．The importance of fungi on earth.

C．The relations between trees and fungi.

D．The practical uses of fungi in the future.

3. How did Furci protect the ecosystem?

A．By writing free instructions on plants.

B．By starting a non-profit ecotourism company.

C．By raising awareness of the importance of fungi.

D．By passing laws to ban over-harvesting mushrooms.

4. Which of the following best describes Furci’s work?

A．Ground-breaking.	B．Debatable.
C．Romantic.	D．Unmatched.

3 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. Why are all participants dressed in green?

A．To look young and energetic.

B．To match the theme of the campaign.

C．To keep the team easily manageable.

2. What will be the task on the first day?

A．Planting trees.

B．Designing posters.

C．Collecting garbage.

3. What does the man expect the teachers to do?

A．Organize the campaign.

B．Stop driving cars.

C．Drive students to do activities.

4. What can George help do?

A．Repair lights.

B．Decorate classrooms.

C．Paint school boards.

7 . Garden recycling is a great way to help the environment while saving money and sparking（激发）the imagination.     1     However, in keeping with greener living, garden recycling is becoming more popular.

There are several benefits to garden recycling. The most common of them is saving the environment.     2     Recycling materials in the garden is also less expensive and with creativity, makes every garden unique. In order to ensure items for garden recycling go with their new setting, we consider how each fits into the surroundings beforehand.     3     Nearly any object has potential for transformation into the garden or elsewhere. With a little creativity, you can turn an otherwise useless item into a one-of-a-kind piece of art. From various metal objects like bed frames, bicycles, there is potential for sculptures and flower containers.

There's a place for everything in the garden. Fountains, ponds, and other water features can be made easily from found objects.     4     Turn an old mailbox into a birdhouse. Transform a slightly chipped flowerpot into a frog shelter. Create birdbaths from dishes. Just about anything imaginable can be transformed into a container by simply adding drainage（排水）holes. From tubs（缸）, baskets, boots, toys, and even garden materials, like pine needles, leaves and garden waste, anything can be reused.     5    

A．There are several ways to recycle in the garden.

B．Reusing everyday items helps keep trash out of landfills.

C．Wildlife shelters can also be included in garden recycling.

D．Reusing old objects or materials in the garden is nothing new.

E．So, when it comes to garden recycling, the possibilities are endless.

F．Dishes can also be reused for decorating other items by breaking them.

G．One of the most popular ways to garden recycle is by reusing old objects as garden art.

8 . The heavy use of fossil fuels over the last 150 years has caused the Earth to warm up. That pattern will continue and get worse unless we stop the pollution very, very quickly. And even if we do end fossil fuel use, there’s still way too much of a polluting gas called “carbon dioxide”(CO₂)in our atmosphere. Recent reports by scientists make it clear that this CO₂ must be removed from the atmosphere and stored.

Plants and trees do this naturally. But there’s so much CO₂ in the atmosphere that planting trees and protecting forests won’t come close to solving the problem. That means humans need to come up with ways of removing carbon from the air and storing it. This is called Direct Air Capture(DAC).

Last September, the world’s largest carbon capture factory opened in Iceland. Called Orca, the project is run by Climeworks, which works on capturing the CO₂. Experts say that by 2030, we need to be able to remove 85 million metric tons of CO₂ from the air. It would take 1, 000 factories like Orca over 20 years to remove that much. Factories that can remove even more CO₂ are being planned, but it will take time for them to be built.

Until recently, scientists working on capturing carbon had a hard time finding support for their research. Now, because of the crisis, there are many scientists working on the problem, and many companies willing to pay for it. Governments worldwide have promised nearly $4 billion to develop carbon capture methods and factories.

Some people worry that there’s not enough time left for DAC technology to be developed and become powerful enough to make a big difference. Others worry that focusing on removing carbon could take attention away from more important climate actions, like switching from fossil fuels to renewable energy.

1. What is Direct Air Capture(DAC)?

A．Recycling polluting gases in the air.	B．Removing and store carbon dioxide.
C．Storing carbon dioxide underground.	D．Getting rid of carbon dioxide directly.

2. What does the writer intend to show in third paragraph?

A．1,000 factories will have been built by 2030.

B．Iceland will build more carbon capture plants.

C．There’s a very long way to go to achieve the goal.

D．Carbon capture factories have made huge progress.

3. What can we infer from the text?

A．We will end fossil fuel use from now on.

B．Plants and trees can absorb CO2 naturally.

C．Governments have spent amounts of money on CO2.

D．Removing carbon dioxide from the air is challenging.

4. What can we know from the last paragraph?

A．Not everyone is excited about carbon removal.

B．DAC technology should he developed quickly.

C．Renewable energy is enough for people to use.

D．More attention should be paid to climate actions.

9 . Six red wolf pups were born in the wild, which marks the first time these pups have been born in the wild since 2018.

Long ago, red wolves lived all through the US Southeast. But as the wolves were hunted, and as more and more land was taken over for cities, roads, and farms, the wolves began to die out. In 1973, a new law called the Endangered Species Act was passed. It was designed to protect endangered animals, like red wolves. At the time, there were only about 17 red wolves remaining in the wild.

The Red Wolf Recovery Program kept fourteen of those wolves in captivity to protect them. By 1980, red wolves were believed to be extinct in the wild. Luckily, the wolves did well in captivity, and their numbers continued to grow. Soon the the US Fish and Wildlife Service (FWS) began releasing red wolves back into the wild. Between 1987 and 1994, 60 adult red wolves were released. Over time, those wolves spread out, paired up, and began to have pups. In 2008, there were 47 wild pups born. By 2012, red wolf numbers had hit a new high point of about 120 wolves in the wild.

Sadly, though, wild red wolf numbers began to drop again. Some wolves were shot and others were hit by cars. In 2018, a total of four pups were born in the wild. In 2019, 2020, and 2021, no wild pups were born at all. So the news that six pups were born in the wild this year is a huge boost. The good news isn’t an accident. Currently, there are over 240 captive red wolves in the recovery program. The FWS has released some captive wolves into the wild, and worked to pair these animals with wild wolves. The FWS has also taken pups born in captivity and had them raised by wild female wolves. With luck, they will have even more company next year.

1. What is one of the factors of red wolves’ dying out?

A．Living in the wild.	B．Human activities.
C．Lack of health care.	D．Being overprotected.

2. Why does the author list so many numbers in Paragraph 3?

A．To explain the reason why more red wolves were born.

B．To encourage other programs to catch more red wolves.

C．To show the success of the Red Wolf Recovery Program.

D．To tell readers the exact number of endangered red wolves.

3. What does the underlined sentence in the last paragraph mean?

A．Red wolves pups were found accidentally.

B．Red wolves will no longer die from car accidents.

C．More pups were born during the previous three years.

D．The FWS works hard to increase the number of red wolves.

4. What is the text mainly about?

A．Endangered red wolf pups born in the wild.

B．The number of endangered animals in the US.

C．The red wolf recovery program made by FWS.

D．Methods of preventing red wolves from dying out.

10 . Earth’s glaciers (冰川) is disappearing quickly due to global warming. Scientists warn that glaciers will disappear from the mainland US within decades. And their rapid melting is dangerous to society and the natural systems we rely on.

Sea level rise is perhaps the most serious influence. Coastal towns and cities face increasing storms and floods. Alongside this, the loss of freshwater from glaciers means less to drink, to water crops, or to use in generating electricity.

These vast rivers of ice perform a key role in regulating the Earth’s atmosphere. Ice cools air and reflects the sun’s heat away from the planet’s surface, acting as an air conditioning system. Melting glaciers reduce this cooling potential, but researchers have discovered that as meltwaters decrease this also allows certain bacteria in rivers to give off more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.

Data gathered by the World Glacier Monitoring Service more than a decade ago suggested that the loss of glaciers threatened the livelihood of more than two billion people relying on meltwater in nearby rivers.

Glaciologist Jennifer Wadham told the World Economic Forum in 2021 that glacier loss is an “approaching threat to life”. She notes that glaciers “are lifelines to us, through their freshwaters, but also how they connect with the very weak environments and ecosystems around them as life-support machines in many ways.”

One study from Cornell University says the rise will probably happen quickly, leaving nations with the disastrous situation of more people on less land. By 2100, there could be as many as two billion climate affected people pushing inland from rising seas. Preventing the damage say, researchers means containing greenhouse gas levels and planning for a vastly different world.

1. What is the effect of the melting of glaciers?

A．The fall of sea level.	B．The drop in temperature.
C．The lack of fresh water.	D．Increasing storms for inland towns.

2. Why do vast rivers of ice play a key part in regulating the atmosphere?

A．Because melting increases cooling potential.

B．Because ice warms the air and reflects the heat.

C．Because melt waters can take in carbon dioxide.

D．Because ice functions as an air conditioner.

3. What is the meaning of the underlined word in the fourth paragraph?

A．Endangered.

B．Connected.

C．Improved.

D．Maintained.

4. What can be inferred from the last paragraph?

A．Coastal cities will be flooded with people.

B．The world in the future may differ a lot from what it is now.

C．Greenhouse gas levels make little difference to sea levels.

D．Fewer than 2 billion people will be affected in the years ahead.