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阅读理解-阅读单选(约620词) | 较易(0.85) |
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文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了如今的社交媒体上充斥着各种气候假信息,它们背后的公司使用复杂的算法,决定世界各地数十亿人看到了什么,这取决于你对什么着迷,也取决于支付社交媒体网站的公司选择在你面前展示什么。多年来,大型石油和天然气公司花费数十亿美元说服消费者相信他们的绿色证明,但2019年他们在可再生能源上的支出只有1%。这就是所谓的“企业洗绿”。

1 . There is a kind of climate pollution that we can’t see clearly. It isn’t in our rivers, lands or skies, it is in our minds. When climate disinformation goes unchecked, it spreads like wildfire, undermining the existence of climate change and the need for urgent action.

Like the biosphere that sustains us, the health of our information ecosystems is vital to our survival. As an artist, I feel a responsibility to create new ways of seeing the disinformation that has come to define the age of fake news.

Social media sites are honed to grab our attention. Using sophisticated algorithms, the corporations behind them decide what billions of people see around the world, dictated by what keeps you hooked, but also by what the companies paying social media sites choose to put in front of you.

Powerful corporate actors deploy clever influence campaigns via ads targeted at specific users based on what social media firms know about those people. Major oil and gas companies have spent billions of dollars over the years persuading consumers about their green proofs, when only 1 per cent of their expenditure in 2019 was on renewable energy. This is known as corporate greenwashing. Still, fossil fuel firms maintain that their climate policies are “responsible” and “in line with the science”.

To expose the scale of corporate greenwashing online, I was part of a team that recently launched Eco-Bot.Net. Co-created with artist Rob “3D” Del Naja of the band Massive Attack and Dale Vince, a green entrepreneur, Eco-Bot. Net’s AI-powered website ran throughout the COP26 climate summit, exposing climate change misinformation by releasing a series of data drops for heavily polluting sectors, including energy, agribusiness and aviation.

Academic definitions of climate disinformation and greenwashing were used to unearth posts across Facebook, Instagram and Twitter and visualize them on our website. Eco-Bot.Net then flagged greenwashing ads and posts on the original social media site with a public health warning.

By digging into our data, journalists have already revealed that companies are targeting specific demographics in order to influence public perceptions about climate change – and even alter government policy.

One data drop focused on the 100 biggest fossil fuel producers, companies that have been the source of 71 per cent of global carbon emissions. It found that 16 of these companies ran 1705 greenwashing and climate misinformation ads globally on Facebook and Instagram this year. In total, they spent more than £4 million creating influence campaigns that generated up to 155 million impressions.

Social media companies could end most of the harms from climate disinformation on their platforms if they wanted to. Flagging systems were swiftly introduced to warn users of posts containing disinformation about covid-19. The scientific consensus on human-caused global warming has been resolute for decades, so why can’t a similar flagging system be implemented for related disinformation?

It is true that Twitter and Facebook have both introduced climate science information hubs, but these are little more than PR exercises that fail to directly tackle climate disinformation on any kind of scale.

This epidemic of climate change disinformation on social media is eroding collective ideas of truth. In this post-truth age of disinformation, we hope that the public, the press and policy-makers will be able to use our data findings to see what is hidden by what we see online.

For the first time, we can witness the regional scale of corporate greenwashing. The era of climate denial and delay is largely over — except, as Eco-Bot.Net has revealed, on social media.

1. What does the word “undermine” in the first paragraph mean in the passage?
A.Dig holes in the ground.B.Make sth weaker at the base.
C.Increase or further improve.D.Put a stop to sth.
2. The author used the case of major oil and gas companies in Paragraph Four in order to ________.
A.give the readers a precise definition of corporate greenwashing
B.show the dishonest claim by fossil fuel companies on their responsible climate policies
C.demonstrate the huge investment the corporations made to exert powerful influence on the targeted social media users based on algorithm
D.emphasize the tens of millions of dollars spent on renewable energy
3. Which of the following industry contributes most to climate change?
A.energyB.agribusinessC.aviationD.social media
4. What is the author’s opinion of social media?
A.They are willing to help but feel powerless to do so.
B.They have the ability to make a change but refuse to do so as there are controversies over climate changes.
C.They have the ability to make a change and have made some sincere but fruitless efforts on it.
D.They lose their integrity in face of the money from the big corporations.
2022-04-25更新 | 239次组卷 | 3卷引用:山东省东营市胜利第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期12月期末英语试题
语法填空-短文语填(约210词) | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了厦门市五源湾自然保护区的成立及在保护蓝尾食蜂鸟方面取得的成效。
2 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式.并将答案填写在答题卡上

In downtown Xiamen, Fujian Province, a 6-meter-high mound(土堆) that stretches for 60 to 70 meters stands in contrast to the high-rise     1    (construction) all around. It is a vital place for the blue-tailed bee-eaters. Now they are under second-level state     2     (protect).

The blue-tailed bee-eater, or Merops philippinus, is known for its colorful plumage and on the Chinese mainland it     3     (find) in coastal provinces, such as Fujian and Hainan.

    4    (establish) in 2011 as Xiamen’s inaugural city-level nature reserve in an urban area, the Wuyuanwan Nature Reserve provides     5     crucial habitat for the species.

In recent years, with improved environmental conditions in Xiamen and the city government’s commitment    6     nature conservation, the blue-tailed bee-eaters have become regular visitors.

In 2015, the center     7     (observe) some 70 to 80 birds in the area while in 2023, over 200 of the birds were watched at the nesting site.

The birds,     8     are sensitive to smell, build a new nest every year. Therefore, the mound must be cleared and refilled after the blue-tailed bee-eaters fly south.

    9     (safeguard) their habitat better, the city government issued a notice in 2017, setting up a protective zone around the nesting site, where noise and pollution-producing industries are prohibited     10     (strict).

The 13-year experience of preserving blue-tailed bee-eaters has given the center a grasp of their habits and made the Wuyuanwan Nature Reserve a stable home for them.

2024-04-11更新 | 200次组卷 | 2卷引用:2024届山东省高三下学期齐鲁名校联盟第七次联考英语试题
阅读理解-阅读单选(约330词) | 适中(0.65) |
名校
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了法国历史悠久的小城朗布耶与一家名为Glowee的公司合作,利用生物发光技术将这座城市变成一个全面的生物发光实验室,其目标是改变城市使用光线的方式。

3 . Bioluminescence (生物发光) is a natural phenomenon wherein a chemical reaction within an organism’s body produces light. It can be found in many places in nature — fireflies, some mushrooms — but mostly in the deep sea.

Recently, Rambouillet, a small historic French town, has teamed up with a company called Glowee to turn the city into a full-scale bioluminescence laboratory. The goal is to change the way in which cities use light. The company uses marine (海的) bacteria harvested from the coast of France. It makes some of the town’s public light up in the cool blue of bioluminescence.

These bioluminescent bacteria are stored in a seawater filled tube, giving the bacteria room to float around and light up. The light provided by the bacteria is part of their natural metabolism, so producing the light requires no energy other than that which is needed to feed the organisms. This makes it much more environmentally friendly and sustainable than electric light, which consumes a huge amount of non-renewable energy.

“On the way to lighting up the world with bioluminescence, you have to feed the bacteria and add water as they grow. That’s not so easy. The phenomenon will be very temperature-dependent and I doubt that it will work in the winter. Also, bioluminescence is not very bright compared to electrical lighting, though they have improved the light intensity,” Carl Johnson, a professor from Vanderbilt University said.

One potential solution to these issues — and one that Glowee is looking into — is to remove the biological aspect of the whole process. Theoretically, luciferase (荧光素酶) can be removed from the bacteria and used to create light instead of the bacteria itself. Because luciferase is non-living, it doesn’t need to be fed. Creating new means of sustainable lighting is a way of being environmentally friendly without plunging the earth back into darkness.

1. What do we know about Glowee?
A.It is an ancient laboratory in France.
B.It solves power shortages in coastal cities.
C.It adopts bioluminescence as a light source.
D.It feeds marine organisms to produce chemicals.
2. What does Paragraph 3 mainly focus on?
A.The reasons for energy waste.
B.The advantages of the marine bacteria as light.
C.The living conditions of the bioluminescent bacteria.
D.The difficulties of storing bioluminescent organisms.
3. What does Carl Johnson convey in his words?
A.The bacteria work more efficiently under low temperatures.
B.It will cost too much to improve the luminescence intensity.
C.The application of bioluminescence enjoys a bright prospect.
D.The development of bioluminescence faces many challenges.
4. What could be the best title of this text?
A.A Historic Town Lit up by Nature
B.The First Zero-carbon City in the World
C.A Reform of Producing Electricity in Cities
D.The Discovery of Luciferase in Marine Bacteria
语法填空-短文语填(约160词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。北极熊生活在寒冷的北极地区,但是它们生活的地方正在慢慢融化。研究显示,自1978年以来,极地冰每10年减少9.8%。一位科学家认为,如果没有海冰,北极熊将无法生存。
4 . 语法填空

Polar bears are undergoing hunger in a world     1     (warm) than ever before.

Polar bears live in the environment too cold for most animals. For most of the year, they live and hunt on Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared     2     (they) for the cold conditions. But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger     3     threatens their only home.

Polar bears’ world is melting. Studies show that polar ice     4     (reduce) by 9.8% every 10 years since 1978. Now about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend     5     sea ice for their     6     (survive). “Sea ice is more than just the platform that the bears walk over,” says Andrew Derocher,     7     scientist who studies North American polar bear populations. “Without it, they can’t exist.”

    8     (melt) and refreezing of polar ice is natural. But in a warmer world, the cycle speeds up, and polar bears have less time     9     (hunt). Normally, they have three months in the spring when they gain more weight. The extra fat will be used, when the bears are not     10     (active) hunting.

2022-08-17更新 | 443次组卷 | 4卷引用:山东省曲阜市第一中学2022-2023学年高三上学期开学考试英语试题
阅读理解-阅读单选(约330词) | 适中(0.65) |
名校
文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了生物学家兼环保主义者Roger Payne对鲸鱼歌声的研究及其对拯救鲸鱼做出的贡献。

5 . During the 20th century, an estimated 3 million great whales were hunted to provide humans with oil, meat and rose fertiliser. Roger Payne, a biologist and environmentalist, spurred (推动) a worldwide environmental conservation movement with his discovery that whales could sing.

This discovery was made in 1967 during his research trip to Bermuda (百慕大) when a navy engineer provided him with a recording of curious underwater sounds documented. Payne identified the tones as songs whales sing to one another and he was conscious from the start that whale song was to get the public interested in protecting an animal previously considered little more than a resource, curiosity or nuisance.

Payne saw the discovery of whale song as a chance to spur interest in saving the giant animals, who were disappearing from the planet. In 1970, Payne released the album Songs of the Humpback Whale. The record, a surprise hit, fueled a global movement to end the practice of commercial whale hunting and save the whales from extinction. It remains the bestselling environmental album in history.

The impact of the whale song discovery on the early environmental movement was immense. Many antiwar protesters of the day took on saving animals and the environment as a new cause. The humpback whale became the icon of a new environmental awareness. And the whales entered pop culture, no longer the fearsome beasts. In 1977, the whale calls were loaded on to the Voyager probes and sent into outer space.

Payne, graduating from Harvard University and Cornell University with a doctor’s degree, authored or co authored dozens of scientific papers, gave hundreds of lectures, made countless television programmes and films, and led 100 oceanic expeditions. Payne had started an ambitious new project: CETI, a combination of scientists using new technology to interpret what whales might be “saying”.

1. What caused the decline of the whale population in the 20th century?
A.Habitat loss.B.The climate change.
C.Uncontrolled hunting.D.The ocean pollution.
2. What was the purpose of releasing the album of whale songs?
A.To boost interest in protecting whales.B.To satisfy people’s curiosity about sea.
C.To achieve great commercial success.D.To earn a reputation as a researcher.
3. Which of the following can best describe Roger Payne?
A.Considerate.B.Accomplished.
C.Courageous.D.Patient.
4. What is the text mainly about?
A.The conservation of ocean environment.
B.Efforts to awake public ocean awareness.
C.A high-tech way to document whale tones.
D.A whale protection campaign by a biologist.
阅读理解-阅读单选(约350词) | 适中(0.65) |
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文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍的是哥伦比亚最北部的沿海小镇Acandí,该地的居民在保护生物多样性的同时努力平衡生计。

6 . In the northernmost edge of Colombia sits the coastal town of Acandí. Access to the town is only by water or air; there is no road that leads there. The residents there are faced with the struggles of balancing livelihoods while protecting biodiversity.

In the past, traditional community fishing methods, passed down by the elders, focused on the reasonable fishing and management of resources. However, the introduction of large-scale trawling vessels(拖网渔船) decades ago gradually depleted the area’s fishing resources, leading to damage to marine(海洋的) life seriously.

Jesús Antonio Julio Cuestas, who serves in the region’s conservation and management of marine resources, stresses the bad impact of these developments and calls for new fishing techniques. “Fishing and conservation co-exist as long as we have good management practices and reasonable use of our fishing resources,” says Cuestas. He and other officials actively monitor fishing activities in Acandí. Each morning, they visit the fish markets to gather data on fishery resources—including prices and sizes—to monitor the state of the local fishing industry.

Along with Cuestas, the fishers work to reduce their impact on the marine ecosystem. By changing fishing methods and adopting new practices, they aim for a more balanced approach to fishing. “This year the local fishermen have not used the trawl net s that were causing the death of the leatherback sea turtles,” explains Cuestas proudly. Changes include the efforts of boats to protect the seagrass that serves as feeding grounds for marine life and an end to fishers throwing net s where turtles lay their eggs.

This marine reserve in Acandí, Cuestas believes, is their greatest treasure. He attaches great importance to working together with local residents to improve the quality of life while preserving the marine ecosystem. By doing so, he imagines a picture where individuals from the fishing community can pursue various careers, such as engineers or lawyers, proudly stating that they are the products of the fishing tradition in Acandí.

1. What does the underlined word “depleted” in paragraph 2 mean?
A.Reused.B.Restored.
C.Explored.D.Reduced.
2. Why does Julio Cuestas call for new fishing techniques?
A.To cut down on the costs of fishing.
B.To improve the income of local residents.
C.To promote the well-being of marine wildlife.
D.To spread traditional community fishing methods.
3. What is paragraph 4 mainly about?
A.The aim of the changes to fishing methods.
B.The efforts to preserve marine ecosystem.
C.The results the trawl net s have brought about.
D.The impact of fishers on the local environment.
4. What is Julio Cuestas’s attitude towards Acandí’s future?
A.Confident.B.Uncaring.
C.Concerned.D.Doubtful.
语法填空-短文语填(约200词) | 适中(0.65) |
名校
文章大意:本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了威尼斯的一项新的防洪工程,建造了几十个闸门来阻挡海水进入威尼斯。
7 . 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Located in the north-east of Italy, Venice is     1     (know) as “The Floating City”. Water has always been a big part of life in Venice, and even today, they remain the most common way to travel around. Unfortunately, water is also putting Venice     2     great danger. Saltwater is slowly damaging the bases of Venice’s buildings. More problems are caused by floods,    3     usually hit the city each winter.     4     these floods could now be a thing of the past thanks to a new flood prevention project.

Venice     5     (lie) in the middle of a lagoon (泻湖), with three     6     (nature) gaps open to the sea. Rain and strong winds cause seawater to travel through the gaps to Venice. Dozens of gates     7     (build) to hold back the sea in the past few years. Each of these gates is 20 metres wide, with the longest about 30 metres long. In the event of a big rise in the water level, the gates will be raised     8     (separate) the city from the sea.

But only time will tell if this project is the right     9     (solve). The important thing is that action is being taken to protect this unique city for future generations. And if it works, it means a longer and     10     (dry) future for Venice.

阅读理解-阅读单选(约350词) | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:这是一篇说明文,文章主要介绍了12岁的Gloria Barron Prize得主Sri Nihal Tammana保护地球免受废旧电池污染的励志故事。

8 . Sri Nihal Tammana, age 13, of Edison, New Jersey, was named a winner of the 2022 Gloria Barron Prize for Young Heroes. The Barron Prize annually honors 25 outstanding young leaders who have made a significant positive impact on people, their communities, and the environment.

Nihal founded Recycle My Battery to promote and facilitate the recycling of used batteries. His nonprofit places free battery recycling bins(箱子)and educates young people and adults about battery recycling. In just three years he has built a team of more than 250 student volunteers across the globe who have recycled nearly 200,000 batteries and educated millions of people. Nihal learned at age 10 that 15 billion batteries are thrown away each year and that most end up in landfills(垃圾填埋地)where they pollute groundwater, harm the ecosystem, and can cause catastrophic fires. Inspired to tackle the problem, he began collecting used batteries from his community. He put them in free recycling bins at stores like Staples until he was told he was bringing too many and had to stop.

Undeterred, he reached out for help from Call2Recycle, the largest battery recycling nonprofit in North America. Call2Recycle agreed to assist and provided recycling bins for free, which were placed in schools, libraries, and other public places. Nihal’s organization now operates across the U.S. and is expanding to other countries including Canada, Switzerland, and India. “Earth gives us so much — oxygen, food, water — everything! So it’s important that we give something back when we can,” says Nihal.

The Barron Prize was founded in 2001 by author T. A. Barron. “Nothing is more inspiring than stories about heroic people who have truly made a difference to the world,” says T. A. Barron. “And we need our heroes today more than ever. Not celebrities, but heroes — people whose character can inspire us all. That is the purpose of the Barron Prize: to shine the spotlight on these amazing young people so that their stories will inspire others.”

1. What does Recycle My Battery intend to do?
A.Protect the earth from used batteries.B.Promote used batteries across the globe.
C.Make money by collecting used batteries.D.Stop people throwing used batteries away.
2. What does the underlined word “Undeterred” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A.Undiscouraged.B.Unprepared.C.Unsurprised.D.Uninterested.
3. How did Call2Recycle help Nihal’s organization?
A.By making it go global.B.By offering free recycling bins.
C.By providing financial support.D.By buying more used batteries.
4. What is the text mainly about?
A.The importance of recycling batteries.
B.The impact of batteries on the environment.
C.The achievements of the Barron Prize winners.
D.The inspiring story of a young environmentalist.
2024-03-05更新 | 189次组卷 | 1卷引用:2024届山东省日照市高三下学期一模英语试卷
阅读理解-七选五(约280词) | 适中(0.65) |
文章大意:本文是一篇说明文。文中介绍了大自然对心理状况的积极影响,并指出发达国家和发展中国家各大城市中已经出现了建立绿色城市的趋势,并且提出了未来绿色城市的特征和内容。

9 . From the Hanging Gardens of Babylon to the orange gardens of Seville, urban planners down the ages have taken inspiration from nature. And those living in the concrete and brick jungle have perhaps never appreciated green space more than during the covid-19 pandemic. During lockdowns, citizens have found parks and gardens an unexpected source of calm and joy.

The evidence of positive effects from nature includes studies on specific psychological conditions.     1     It can promote positive social interactions and even help generate a sense of meaning to life. Being in green environments boosts various aspects of thinking, including attention, memory and creativity. Equally healthy natural spaces provide us with a whole range of essential “ecosystem services” for free.     2    

The evolving understanding of nature’s broad health benefits, plus our ongoing pandemic experience, is a big urge to build the green cities.     3     The Million Trees Los Angeles initiative and an ambitious greening programme in New York are the inspiring examples in the US.

    4     Most urban growth in the next decades will occur in developing nations. China encourages the building of parks, green spaces and wildlife passageways in many cities. Admittedly, developing countries face many challenges in building greener cities, but they can learn from the mistakes already made in older-growth cities in the West.

    5     It is important to make green spaces multipurpose so they meet a variety of needs. Biologist Gretchen Daily, at Stanford University, has pioneered the concept of ecosystem services as a way of evaluating the benefits nature provides and factoring these values into economic decision-making. She also favours combining more natural elements into the built environment, such as green roofs, and even designing buildings that imitate patterns found in nature.

A.How to build green cities is a problem.
B.What does an ideal green city of tomorrow look like?
C.Actually, the trend for urban greening has already begun.
D.This isn’t just a phenomenon in developed countries, either.
E.Clean air and water, nutrient recycling and flood defence are the bonuses.
F.Access to nature can improve sleep, reduce stress and increase happiness.
G.It has a huge impact on people’s perceptions of their health and well-being.
2022-10-15更新 | 398次组卷 | 2卷引用:山东省潍坊市2022-2023学年高三10月优生抽测英语试题
阅读理解-阅读单选(约360词) | 容易(0.94) |
文章大意:这是一篇说明文。主要讲述每年都会有数以百万计的园丁在晚秋移除落叶,但是威斯康星大学最近研究表明,落叶有助于将植物健康生长所需的营养物质返还给土壤,这会大大改善土壤的状况。年复一年地移除树叶打破了这种生态平衡。

10 . It is late autumn—millions of gardeners across the northern hemisphere, pulled on their thickest sweaters, spent hours clearing large piles of leaves and packed them into plastic bags at the end of driveways.

In the US alone, nearly 10 million tonnes of garden waste go to landfill every year. That is a large amount of effort, not just from an environmental viewpoint but from that of our aching backs, too. So where does this advice come from? Well, it largely comes from the belief that thick fallen leaves can make plants under them unable to breathe, especially shorter grass. They shut down important photosynthesis (光合作用) and get in the way of the growth of the shorter grass. However, this received wisdom has recently been questioned by researchers at Wisconsin University.

The key finding of their new research was that although clearing fallen leaves is one of the most common gardening practices, it makes very little sense. In natural ecosystems, fallen leaves help return nutrients necessary for healthy plant growth to the soil, which greatly improves soil condition. Removing leaves year after year breaks this ecological (生态的) balance. Letting some leaves stick around to cover your garden is a great way to help your grass and the local ecosystem.

They further explained that if up to 50percent of your grass lawn (草坪) is covered by fallen leaves, you might as well go back indoors and put your feet up. The advantages of this light leaf coverage far outweigh the disadvantages—the leaves will quickly break down and help next year’s lawn grow far better than if you had cleared them. Only at over 50 percent coverage do the Wisconsin researchers recommend clearing.

So why not consider leaving the leaves? Save time, carbon and effort, and in exchange get a healthier lawn from this garden waste—that seems like a pretty good deal. And how many plastic bags could be saved by simply not binning fallen leaves every year? In the US alone, about 700 million.

1. What does the author describe in paragraph 1?
A.An amazing autumn game.B.A common sight in gardens.
C.A hot attraction in the north.D.An extreme weather event.
2. What is the received wisdom?
A.Fallen leaves need not be cleared.
B.Fallen leaves protect shorter grass.
C.Fallen leaves block photosynthesis.
D.Fallen leaves are hard to break down.
3. The new research finds clearing fallen leaves makes little sense, because ________.
A.it ruins city imageB.it breaks gardening rules
C.it affects local economyD.it causes ecological damage
4. What’s the author’s attitude to Wisconsin University’s study?
A.Doubtful.B.Positive.C.Unclear.D.Worried.
共计 平均难度:一般