1 . 正是通过与当地社区紧密合作，政府近十年来成功地减少了塑料废弃物对于土壤的环境影响。(It ..., impact) (汉译英)

2 . You’re running late for work and you can’t find your keys: What’s really annoying is that in your search, you pick up and move them without realizing. This may be because the brain systems involved in the task are working at different speeds, with the system responsible for perception(感知)unable to keep pace.

So says Grayden Solman and his colleagues at the University of Waterloo in Ontario, Canada. To investigate how we search, Solman’s team created a simple computer-based task that involved searching through a pile of colored shapes on a computer screen. Volunteers were instructed to find a specific shapes as quickly as possible, while the computer monitored their actions.“Between 10 and 20 percent of the time, they would miss the object,”says Solman, even though they picked it up.“We thought that was remarkably often.”

To find out why, the team developed a number of further experiments. To check whether volunteers were just forgetting their target, they gave a new group a list of items to memorize before the search task, which they had to recall afterwards.

The idea was to fill each volunteer’s“memory load”，so that they were unable to hold any other information in their short-term memory. Although this was expected to have a negative effect on their performance at the search task, the extra load made no difference to the percentage of mistakes volunteers made.

To check that the volunteers were paying enough attention to the items they were moving, Solman’s team created another task involving a pile of cards marked with shapes that only became visible while the card was being moved. Again, they were surprised to see the same level of error, says Solman. Finally, the team analyzed participants’ mouse movements as they were carrying out a similar search task. They discovered that volunteers’ movements were slower after they had moved and missed their target.

Solman’s team propose that the system in the brain that deals with movement is running too quickly for the visual system to keep up. While you are searching around a messy house to find your keys, you might not be giving your visual system enough time to work out what each object is. Since time can be costly, sacrificing accuracy on occasion for speed might be beneficial overall, Solman thinks.

The slowing of mouse movements suggests that at some level the volunteers were aware that they had missed their target, a theory that is backed up by other studies that show people tend to slow down their actions after they have made a mistake, even if they don’t consciously realize the mistake.

1. What conclusion has Solman drawn from the first task?

A．More volunteers are needed to confirm the findings.

B．It happens very often that people miss what they intend to find.

C．Computers make negative effects on how people perform at the task.

D．Targets tend to be forgotten after people search for 10 minutes or more.

2. What can be inferred from the third task that Solman’s team created?

A．Cards marked with shapes may become a source of distraction.

B．Fewer errors will be made if people are forbidden to move cards.

C．People may be absent-minded even when they are moving something.

D．Volunteers prefer to use a mouse to control the objects on the computer screen.

3. What does“a theory”(in the last paragraph)refers to?

A．Mistakes will cause people to reduce the speed.

B．Our visual system can’t keep up with the brain system.

C．The faster people move, the more mistakes they will make.

D．People’s actions are independent of the mistakes they make.

4. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?

A．Better memory, worse search

B．Accuracy speaks louder than speed

C．Hurry up, or you will make mistakes

D．Slow down your search to find your keys

5 . 合格的管理者，不必事事亲力亲为，而应善于使每个员工发挥所长。（good）（汉译英）

6 . Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.

You still need a better reason to plant a tree?

Police aren’t cheap and neither are lawyers, judges, and all the other layers that make up the justice system. But trees and some grass, in comparison, are a real bargain, and they prove to be effective in lighting crimes.

Many cities used to launch programs to plant vegetation along roadways to help absorb rainwater. After tracking 14 types of crime in nearby areas, Michelle Kondo, a social scientist found that a variety of crimes including property crimes such as theft and burglary, and violent crimes such as armed fights and mayhem in those areas decreased to 27 percent, a stunning 18 percent fall. Kondo believed the appearance of city trucks and vans in the landscaped areas— for planting and maintenance— was enough to scare away potential criminals.

Kondo’s study also worked on the link between grassland care and decrease of the crime in downtown areas. It’s tempting to use income as the connection. After all, if you have the crime and money to water your lawn, you probably live in a neighborhood that sees less crime. But actually, people are less likely to hang in those areas where the streets are maintained or cleaned. “You will see less kids hanging on the corners.’’ Kondo said. He argued that caution of the local people implied by the organized greenery helped to frighten away ill-intentioned guys, by announcing to would-be criminals that there are “eyes on the street’’ that care for their neighborhood and would be more likely to report a crime.

We already know greenery is beautiful to look at and can help improve mood and health while reducing pollution. Now we can add crime-fighting to the list of vegetation’s many benefits. Therefore, are you ready to plant a tree?

7 . 为防止病人走错，墙上贴上了箭头。（so that）（汉译英）

8 . Tea has become rooted in the British way of life, from the humble tea break to the afternoon tea to be enjoyed— in a jacket and tie, of course.     1     Boiling water to make tea, for instance, makes it less likely to give you a stomach bug.

But what are the secrets or even cruel realities behind the taste of this beloved beverage? Anthropologist Kate Fox writes in her book Watching the English that there are several clear messages sent whenever a Brit makes a cup.

She observes that the strongest brews of black tea— with the largest doses of flavour factors— are typically drunk by the working class. The flavor gets progressively weaker as one goes up the social ladder.

Milk and sweetener have their own codes. According to her, taking sugar in your tea in Britain is regularly by many as a definite lower-class indicator.     2     Other implications involve when and how milk is added, if any. Making a point of drinking smoky Lapsang Souchong (正山小种红茶) with no sugar of milk can be a sign of class anxiety in the middle class. Fox suggests. It’s as far as possible as one can get from sweet, strong, milky cups of no-nonsense ‘builder’s tea’.

A food scientist pointed out something that seems to apply here. “    3    ” You like what you like not necessarily because of the taste of it, thought obviously one can develop a taste for almost anything. A food or drink’s real importance in your life may be because of everything that surrounds it— the culture of it.

Fox also observes that, alongside its chemical properties, tea is a social space-filler. Many meaningless moments can be occupied by tea and its related events.     4     Whenever the English feel awkward or uncomfortable in a social situation, they cook tea.

A．And one could come up with any number of theories for why the current tea making and drinking habits are inevitable.

B．Thought regarded as a form of simple act, tea making can vary between cultures.

C．The tea is, above all, credited with the ability to represent different individual personalities.

D．Food choices are driven by one’s environment-the context.

E．Tea making is the perfect replacement activity.

F．Even one spoonful is a bit suspicious unless other details clearly show otherwise.

9 . Most of us have no difficulty recognizing luck when it’s on apparent display, as when someone wins the lottery. But _________ often plays out in delicate ways and it’s easy to construct narratives that portray success as out of everything but luck. These misleading stories have surprising implications for human mindset, downplaying the power of chances.

Consider the history of the Mona Lisa. After having staved in the _________ for most of its early existence, the painting was pushed into the spotlight in 1911 when it was stolen from Louvre. The famous theft remained _________ for two years until a maintenance worker was arrested after trying to sell the painting. His arrest caused a second wave of _________, with the painting on everyone’s lips. As in the art world, it is so too in the world of work. Almost every career path consists of a sequence of steps, each of which depends on former ones. Inevitably, some of those _________ steps can be influenced by chance factors, which, as a result, are sure to affect the following process. So it is reasonable to conclude that _________ all successful careers involve at least a certain degree of luck.

One’s date of birth _________, for example. According to a study, most children born in the summer tend to be among the youngest members of their class, which explains why they are less likely to hold _________ positions during high school and thus, less likely to land good jobs later in life.

To acknowledge the power of chance events is not to suggest that success is independent of _________. Charlie Munger has said. “The safest way to get what you want is to __________ what you want.”

Of course, luck counts too. Being born in a good education system is a kind of luck we can control— that is, at least we can decide how lucky our children will be. But in America, we’ve been doing a bad job as the budget for education has __________. The human tendency to __________ luck’s role has caused this troubling state by unwillingness to invest in education, the strong system of which can produce __________ for the next generation.

Luckily, there is a solution. Guiding people to __________ their good fortune tends to make them more willing to contribute to the __________, according to a study. So try to engage your successful friends in reviews about their experiences with luck. In the process, the next generation’s odds of success may well increase and meanwhile, all the social members are more likely to enjoy the improved public service.

1.

A．randomness

B．potential

C．masterpiece

D．success

2.

A．emergency-

B．maintenance

C．review

D．shade

3.

A．accidental

B．unsolved

C．official

D．objective

4.

A．protest

B．suspicion

C．publicity

D．investigation

5.

A．previous

B．negative

C．realistic

D．entire

6.

A．virtually

B．sustainably

C．adequately

D．negatively

7.

A．occurs

B．contracts

C．matters

D．approaches

8.

A．accessible

B．original

C．superior

D．secure

9.

A．effort

B．logic

C．relationship

D．investment

10.

A．deserve

B．evaluate

C．modify

D．exploit

11.

A．shone

B．shrunk

C．ballooned

D．flown

12.

A．preserve

B．popularize

C．underestimate

D．revolutionize

13.

A．challenge

B．luck

C．motivation

D．experience

14.

A．reflect on

B．save on

C．adjust to

D．live on

15.

A．mutual understanding

B．mental fitness

C．family value

D．common good

10 . I have a feeling that the existence of the memory box may have troubled my father from the beginning. He didn’t give it to me until my twenty-first birthday even though it had been in our house all that time. Charlotte knew about it, of course, but neither she nor my father could bring themselves to mention it. I think they were both afraid of its significance. Also I was a highly imaginative child and they simply didn’t know how to introduce this memory box into my life.

Now, however, their nervousness makes me curious. What exactly were they afraid of? Did they think I might be shocked, and if so why? At any rate, both of them were visibly on edge, almost guilty, when finally on the morning of my twenty-first birthday they told me about it. It was clear they were relieved when I showed little interest in it. I said I didn’t want to open it, or even see it.

This was a lie, and yet not a lie. The box did, in fact, make me curious even if I found I wanted to suppress (抑制) the feeling. Aged ten, I don’t think I would have been able to. I’m sure I would have been too excited at the thought that it might contain all sorts of treasures; and then around fifteen I’d have found it irresistibly romantic and would have been ready to weep on discovering dried roses pressed between the pages of meaningful poems. But at twenty-one I was very self-centred; my curiosity was only slight and I could more easily deny it. In fact, I felt a kind of discomfort at the notion of a dying woman choosing what to put in a box for me.

Nevertheless, there was no doubt that it forced me to think of Susannah. Growing up, I could hardly have thought of her less, wanting Charlotte to be my only mother. I was always angry if anyone referred to her as my stepmother. However, Charlotte herself would try to calm me by pointing out that, whether I liked it or not, that was exactly what she was.

After Charlotte died, the hardest thing I had to do was go back into our old home. For a whole month, I was obliged to go there day after day until every bit of furniture, every object, every book and picture, every piece of clothing, every last curtain and cushion was sorted out and ready to be collected by all manner of people. This was, of course, how I found the box, even though I very nearly missed it. My attention might not have been caught if it had not been for an odd-looking pink label attached to the parcel. On the label, written in ink which had faded but which you could still read was my own name – For my darling Catherine Hope, in the future.

1. Who left the memory box to the writer?

A．Her sister.	B．Her step mother.
C．Her father.	D．Her mother.

2. What can be learned from the sentence “this was a lie, and yet not a lie” (in Para3)?

A．The writer had complicated feelings about the box.

B．The writer admitted to her parents she once told a lie.

C．The writer wondered why she didn’t want to see the box.

D．The writer was hardly curious about what was in the box.

3. Why did the writer want Charlotte to be her only mother?

A．Charlotte referred to herself as her stepmother.

B．She hoped Charlotte could care more about her.

C．Charlotte calmed her down by talking of Susannah.

D．She missed her mother from the bottom of her heart.

4. What can be inferred from the passage?

A．The writer didn’t see the box until Charlotte died.

B．The writer could have a happier childhood without the box.

C．The writer blamed her parents for not giving her the box earlier.

D．The writer didn’t know the existence of the box before she was 21.