How to get all of the toothpaste out of the tube haunts many a bathroom. Bus not, perhaps, for much longer. Colgate-Palmolive, an American consumer-goods     1    , has taken up an invention in super-slippery surfaces to produce a toothpaste tube that     2     to deliver every last scrap of their contents.

In 2012, two inventors set up a company called LiquiGlide to commercialise their work on making liquids flow easily through pipes and out of containers. What caught many people’s imaginations at the time was a(n)     3     of how this could be used to empty a ketchup bottle without shaking it vigorously.

So far, ketchup-makers have not     4     the idea. But the health and beauty industry, where products tend to be pricier than ketchup, is interested. A Swiss company     5     the technology to lessen the amount of material left stuck to the insides of pipes and vesseis in its factories when it is time for a clean-up.

LiquiGlidc’s deal with Colgate is, though, the firm’s first big break into a consumer business. The new toothnastc called Elixu, comes in three varicties: a formula tor whitening teeth, one for gum and enamel care and a “detox”     6     which, it is claimed, removes any     7     from the mouth. All are packaged in plastic tubes that can be emptied with ease.

To produce the slippery pipes and containers, a pattern is first     8     an them and then a suitably formulated liquid is     9    . This fills the gaps in the texture, treating a surface across which gooey substances slide easily.

Besides pleasing customers who like to get their money’s worth, the new, slippery toothpaste tubes should help with recycling. Existing tubes are rarely recycled, not only because they have residue left inside them but also because they are usually made from a laminate of plastic and aluminum foil.     10     materials of this sort are hard to recycle, and therefore end up being dumped in landfills.

8 . GuiltyPleasures? No Such Thing

We know them when we see them: The TV shows and movies we love, even though we just know they’re bad. The trashy books we simply can’t _________. The awful earworms we hate to love.

Yes, these are our guilty pleasures — what some people consider the _________ food in our media diets. But if we enjoy them, why should we feel _________? We should be free to enjoy whatever we like! And as it turns out, these so-called “guilty” pleasures can actually be good for us, so long as they’re enjoyed in _________.

Taking a mental break and enjoying something that doesn’t require intense intellectual _________ gets us out of problem-solving mode, said Robin Nabi, a professor of communication at the University of California, Santa Barbara, who specializes inmedia effects and emotion. It can also improve our ability to productively deal with stressors and help us _________ more positively with other people.

If that’s true, then why do guilty pleasures get such a bad _________? Well, it’s not the addiction itself, but the _________ we have when talking about them. However, according to experts like Dr. Nabi, feeling guilty about or disparaging (贬低) activities we enjoy can _________ the benefits they offer us while getting rid of self-imposedembarrassment about our interests can be empowering and enrich our social lives, which is why it’s time to __________ “guilty pleasure” from our list of shames.

One important value of a guilty pleasure is the __________ it can create between people. “These shows are out there for a reason — they’re resonating(令人产生共鸣). Nabi said. He added that the connections we make with others who share our interests in such things “is not to be __________.”

__________, talking about what we enjoy can ease any remaining guilt and makes it easier to discover more things that bring us pleasure. Being able to talk __________ about what we love is more than just a way to spend the time，since it encourages us to justify our needs and be our true self.

Still, it’s best to follow the age-old advice our parents taught us: Everything in moderation. Though guilt can enhance pleasure in some cases, it can also push us to indulge in __________ we feel guilty about in others.

Does technology replace more jobs than it creates? What is the net balance between these two things? Until now, that has not been measured. But a new research project led by MIT economist David Autor has developed an answer, at least for U.S. history since 1940.The study uses new methods to examine how many jobs have been lost to machine     1    , and how many have been generated through “augmentation(增强),” in which technology creates new tasks. Overall, the study finds, and particularly since 1980, technology has replaced more U.S. jobs than it has     2    .

“There does appear to be a faster rate of automation, and a slower rate of augmentation, in the last four decades, from 1980 to the present, than in the four decades     3    ,” says Autor.However, that finding is only one of the study’s     4    .The researchers have also developed an entirely new method for studying the issue, based on an analysis of thousands of U.S.censusjob categories in relation to a(n)     5     look at the text of U.S. patents over the last century. That has allowed them, for the first time, toquantifythe effects of technology over both job loss and job creation.

The study finds that overall, about 60 percent of jobs in the U.S. represent new types of work, which have been created since 1940.To determine this, Autor and his colleagues     6     through about 35,000 job categories, tracking how they emerge over time. They also used natural language processing tools to analyze the text of every U.S. patent filed since 1920. That allowed them to     7     links between new technologies and their effects on employment.

From about 1940 through 1980, for instance, jobs like elevator operator and typesetter(排字工人) tended to get automated. But at the same time, more workers —    8     roles such as shipping and receiving clerks, buyers and department heads, and civil and space engineers.  From 1980 through 2018, the ranks of cabinetmakers and machinists, among others, have been     9     by automation, while industrial engineers, and operations and systems researchers and analysts, have enjoyed growth.

Ultimately, the research suggests that the negative effects of automation on employment were more than twice as great in the 1980-2018 period as in the 1940-1980 period.There was a more     10    , and positive, change in the effect of augmentation on employment in 1980-2018, as compared to 1940-1980.

In the fall of 1903, O. Henry was living in a room at the small Hotel Marty in New YorkCity. He had published a few stories in local magazines, but was still relatively unknown when editors at the New York World newspaper sent a young reporter     1     (track) down this mysterious writer. By the next day, O. Henry had an agreement with the newspaper to write one story a week for the magazine section of their Sunday edition. The World had     2     (large) daily circulation in the world, and O. Henry’s stories about New York life became immensely popular. By the time he left the newspaper after less than three years, O. Henry     3     (establish) his reputation as a gifted storyteller and master of surprise endings.

O. Henry was the pen name used by William Sydney Porter, who was born in North P. Carolina. At the age of twenty, he moved to Texas,     4     he held a variety of jobs, eventually becoming a bank teller. He married and became a reporter and columnist for the Houston Post. After a few years, his wife     5     (diagnose) with a serious infectious disease, and he was accused of illegally taking the money of the bank where he worked. Some people have claimed     6     he was stealing money to help pay his wife’s medical bills. O. Henry fled to Central America, but his wife was too ill to accompany him. Months later,     7     her worsening condition, he returned and turned himself in to the police. His wife soon died, and O. Henry spent three years in prison in Ohio. It was during his time in prison that he began writing the stories that would make him famous. W. S. Porter emerged from prison     8     O. Henry.

In 1902, O. Henry moved to New York City and started trying to sell his stories. In a few years his luck changed for the better, and his position with the New York World helped make him a     9     (celebrate) author. He published more than three hundred stories and gained worldwide acclaim. O. Henry’s stories are known for their plot twists and surprise endings. In fact, O. Henry’s own life ended with a “twist”—his funeral was somehow scheduled in the same church at the same time as someone else’s wedding! The O. Henry Award     10     (honor) the authors of the best stories printed each year in American magazines.