1 . Wearing a caveman mask, Dr. John Marzluff walks across the campus at the University of Washington in Seattle. Crows (乌鸦) circle and squawk (尖叫), diving at him and away.
Beneath the mask, he smiles. Days before, he and his students, wearing caveman masks, trapped them and placed colored plastic bands on their legs. Then they released the unhappy birds. When the researchers wandered around campus without the masks, the crows they had caught and banded did not react to them. But when the same humans walked by while wearing the masks, the crows scolded loudly and dived at their “enemies”.
At first, only the banded birds reacted aggressively to the people in masks. But in later tests, more and more crows joined in, and even when the banded birds were not around. “Crows think and dream, fight and play, reason and take risks,” he says. “Their antics confuse us.”
This led him to study how crows’ brains work. He and his students wore one type of mask as they captured crows and brought them into the lab, training them to link that face with danger. Then a different kind of mask for more positive activities, such as feeding and caring. Then he worked with scientists at the university who scan animal brains to see which parts of a crow's brain do certain tasks. Surprisingly, the scientists found that when the crow saw the “danger” mask, one part of its brain became active. When the crow saw the “care and feeding” mask, a different part of its brain lit up. The team has shown that crows use the same parts of their brains for recognition that humans do — something that was not known before!
More than 10 years after the first mask experiment, campus crows still scold the “cavemen”. Crows also recognize people who are kind to them. Crows are always watching us... and they remember.
1. Why does Dr. John Marzluff smile?A.He intends to show his kindness. |
B.He realizes his trick has worked. |
C.He is amused by the happy crows. |
D.He is embarrassed at the crows’ response. |
A.Ways of behaving. | B.Hunting types. |
C.Flying models. | D.Chances of survival. |
A.Sociable, intelligent and observant. |
B.Noisy, dangerous and annoying. |
C.Reasonable, cautious and aggressive. |
D.Strong-headed, proud and popular. |
A.They share the same wisdom as humans do. |
B.They never forgive those who once hurt them. |
C.They only recognize the people who are bad to them. |
D.They perform tasks with different parts of their brains. |
2 . Acts of kindness are wonderful in so many ways. They
Farmer posted how he'd gone to work after the quarantine(隔离)was lifted and had forgotten his work pass.
The London worker thought he'd never
With the lock undone, Muneeb told Farmer how he'd
As Farmer quite
A.introduce | B.challenge | C.teach | D.benefit |
A.selfish | B.honest | C.kind | D.shy |
A.books | B.news | C.magazines | D.requirements |
A.case | B.advice | C.chance | D.change |
A.left out | B.turned down | C.happened to | D.accounted for |
A.By accident | B.As a result | C.At last | D.In return |
A.bike | B.office | C.lock | D.key |
A.dirty | B.ugly | C.complete | D.missing |
A.send | B.fix | C.buy | D.see |
A.lights | B.computers | C.cameras | D.phones |
A.beautiful | B.broken | C.cheap | D.new |
A.owner | B.worker | C.policeman | D.thief |
A.greeting | B.kiss | C.smile | D.sigh |
A.imagined | B.appreciated | C.enjoyed | D.spotted |
A.assessing | B.stealing | C.watching | D.polishing |
A.safe | B.dangerous | C.remote | D.crowded |
A.ran | B.waited | C.apologized | D.escaped |
A.sold | B.donated | C.returned | D.thrown |
A.curiously | B.unwillingly | C.casually | D.rightly |
A.credit | B.risk | C.shame | D.secret |
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(A),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线。)划掉。
修改:在错的词下画一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1.每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
1.只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Last Friday, our school held a fire drill. Listened to the teacher attentively in the math class, all of a suddenly, we heard a fire alarm from the loudspeaker. The teacher stopped teaching immediately and instructing us to exit the classroom in order. When we got out, heavy smoke had filled with the hallway. We bent down, covered our mouths with wet towels and ran downstairs along the wall into the open airs, just as we had taught before. What moved us were that our monitor made sure everyone was safe after he left the building. Five minutes late, we gathered on the playground. We got to know more about how to protect us properly in case of emergency.
4 . Don't brag(炫耀),but be proud of what you've done. These two pieces of advice were tough to balance before Facebook existed.
Social media like Facebook bring us convenience.
According to Therapist Jessica Michaels, providing "emotional context" may help prevent what might be seen as a bragging. Think about how you say something, not just what you say. Frame it in a way that makes it more of a sharing idea. For example, if you plan a party for Christmas, you could post "Hey friends of mine! Let's plan this together. Maybe we could all go." instead of saying "Oh I can't wait to enjoy my party."
Remember, the original intention behind social media is a connector, and your true best friends definitely do want to know when things are going good for you. Next time when you post a photo of your fantastic winter vacation, for example, make sure to tag your friends.
A little bit of social media love goes a long way!
A.To post or not to post? |
B.Will it make me a celebrity? |
C.Tell them you wish they were by your side. |
D.They are the most important friends in our life. |
E.Meanwhile, they can put us in danger of oversharing. |
F.It makes a big difference how you express your ideas. |
G.Even today's share-it-all social media haven't made it any easier. |
增加:在缺词处加一个漏字符号(∧),并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在错的词下划一横线,并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;
2. 只允许修改10处,多者(从第11处起)不计分。
Dear Mr. Charles,
I’m written to express my thanks to you for inviting me to sing a Chinese song at Chinese Music Festival sponsor by your school. As for my singing perform, I have some ideas.
There are a number Chinese songs people from different countries love. The song named Mom in the Candlelight is my favorite. I like it because of its wonderfully theme and its accompaniment of erhu, which are one of the famous Chinese instruments. I’d like to accompany myself on erhu in person, because I hope you can prepare the one for me.
I hope to meet you as sooner as possible. And I’m sure we will have funs during the festival.
Yours sincerely.
Li Hua
6 . On the morning of my Ph. D. qualifying exam. I rolled out of bed. showered, and next came the makeup. I brushed on a layer of foundation and drew thick black lines around my eyes — a
I've always
The
Her confidence got me thinking: Could I do something similar before I stepped on stage? I
I first experimented with the
A.prayer | B.manner | C.look | D.greeting |
A.sorry | B.ready | C.kind | D.shy |
A.inspiration | B.meeting | C.coincidence | D.incident |
A.connected | B.combined | C.compared | D.struggled |
A.excited | B.nervous | C.angry | D.delighted |
A.feared | B.practised | C.forbade | D.admitted |
A.Legally | B.Immediately | C.Hopefully | D.Unfortunately |
A.reward | B.dilemma | C.outcome | D.breakthrough |
A.different | B.professional | C.famous | D.normal |
A.relieved | B.embarrassed | C.curious | D.cautious |
A.action | B.side | C.risk | D.seat |
A.confident | B.interested | C.honest | D.expert |
A.laughed at | B.gave up | C.commented on | D.thought about |
A.avoided | B.imagined | C.resisted | D.missed |
A.consumed | B.represented | C.covered | D.replaced |
A.principle | B.advice | C.hobby | D.idea |
A.start | B.challenge | C.future | D.effort |
A.meaning | B.end | C.go | D.alternative |
A.wish | B.discover | C.predict | D.promise |
A.judging | B.speaking | C.smiling | D.trembling |
7 . Most of us have something about us that we’re not 100% in love with, such as an impulsive streak or a short temper. What if those personality traits (个性特征) could be improved with daily use of a smartphone app? That was the focus of a new study from an international research team led by the University of Zurich.
“Personality traits predict several important aspects of life such as success at work, health and even a long.” says first author Mirjam Stieger. PhD. of Brandeis University in Waltham. Massachusetts. “So we wanted to test whether people can actively shape their personality traits with the help of a digital intervention (干预) within a relatively short period of time.”
Around 1.500 participants were provided with a specially developed smartphone app called PEACH for three months. On the app, a virtual companion communicated with the participants daily and provided support to help them make the changes they desired. And participants were divided into two groups — an intervention group and a waitlist control group. Participants in the waitlist control group selected and indicated their change goals before a one-month waiting period, and then they received the same three-month intervention as the intervention group.
The researchers found that participants in the waitlist control group didn't change their personality traits during the one-month waiting period. but participants who received the intervention reported changes in the desired direction. “We also found that friends and family members were able to detect personality changes,” Stieger says. “Another surprising finding was that most participants were able to maintain (维持) their personality trait changes until three months after the end of the intervention.”
While apps could be used to promote personality change, mental health expert Karen Peters warns, it's important to remember they are there for support and not as a substitute for an individual's change. “The use of an app itself isn't going to influence change — change is influenced by internal motivation.” she says. “The new study demonstrates this point by determining that change outcomes were in agreement with the individual's desire to change.”
1. Why does the author ask the question in paragraph 1?A.To put forward a problem. | B.To recommend a method. |
C.To lead in the recent study. | D.To come up with a new concept. |
A.Set their change goals. | B.Detect others' changes. |
C.Help their companions. | D.Get rid of daily apps. |
A.Most of the participants' personalities were unstable. |
B.Digital intervention made no difference to personalities. |
C.The use of an app alone could shape personality traits. |
D.The participants, personality changes were noticeable. |
A.Are Your Personality Traits Out of Control? |
B.Are You in Love With Your Personality Traits? |
C.Can a Smartphone App Change Your Personality? |
D.Can Digital Intervention Determine Personal Desire? |
8 . Challenges are regular visitors in our life, and nobody is immune (不受影响) to them.
Develop your passion.
Track your progress. It is important that you take note of every improvement you make.
Learn how to control your emotions. It is important that you use your emotional intelligence when you encounter problems in your life. You are a product of your thoughts and feelings. Any negative emotions that show up can negate (否定) the positive forward movement you enjoyed earlier. So approach any challenge with a positive attitude.
A.Practice makes perfect. |
B.Consider confidence as a must for Success. |
C.This will motivate you to work even harder. |
D.They can make us lose hope and even give up. |
E.Don’t feel negative when you meet with difficulties. |
F.There is nothing to be gained from delaying decisions and thoughts. |
G.Having an enthusiasm for something will inspire you to achieve your goals. |
9 . Edinburgh is the world's festival city. There are 12 festivals throughout the year, half of which are celebrated during the mouths of July and August.
Hundreds of thousands of people visit the Scottish capital during the summer. Here are some of the events they can enjoy:
The Edinburgh International Festival
This is the original Edinburgh festival, which began in 1947. Actors, musicians, dancers and opera singers from all over the world perform to huge audience. You need tickets for most events which take place in theatres around the city.
The Edinburgh Festival Fringe (艺穗节)
This is the largest arts festival in the world with thousands of shows taking place across the city, More than 20,000 artists participate in it. as the festival is open to anyone. Visitors can choose from a huge variety of acts. Join thousands of visitors and locals at the Royal Mile, Edinburgh's min street, 10 watch all kinds of performers and shows.
The Edinburgh International Book Festival
The largest book festival in the world began in 1983 and tokes place every year in Charlotte Square Gardens, in the centre of Edinburgh. There are more than 700 events for children and adults who love books. You can meet many authors, talk to them, ask them to sign a book or listen to them talk about their stories. Children can listen to stories and watch illustrators (插画家) draw pictures.
The Edinburgh Jazz and Blues Festival
Music lovers come to this festival to enjoy music shows around the city. One of the highlights of this musical event in the street carnival (嘉年华), which is free to all. Artists perform street theatre, dance and circus shows in amazing costumes, and everyone can join in the dancing.
1. What do we know about the Edinburgh International Festival from the text?A.It started in 1947. | B.It is held at the Royal Mile. |
C.It is free to Scottish people. | D.It takes place in July every year. |
A.The Edinburgh Jazz and Blues Festival. |
B.The Edinburgh Festival Fringe. |
C.The Edinburgh International Book Festival. |
D.The Edinburgh International Festival. |
A.To introduce some festivals in Edinburgh. |
B.To perform the beautiful picture of Edinburgh. |
C.To encourage more tourists to visit Edinburgh. |
D.To prove that Edinburgh is the world 's art center. |
10 . Growing up in an Italian-American household was, for me, pretty special. My mother, Gina, an immigrant from Italy, held on to so many of her family's traditions that at times, regardless of the fact that I was living in American, our home felt like in Italy.
To this day, my mother only speaks to me in Italian. She may speak in some English terms and expressions from time to time, but our conversations are, for the most part, in her mother tongue. And most of those conversations are about food. For us, food —Italian food is an important part of our lives. The food my mother prepared for me and my sister as children is the same food my grandmother created in her small farm kitchen high up in the mountains.
One of my family's dishes of heritage I made sure to learn and perfect is my mother's arancini di riso (Italian rice balls). Arancini, in Italian, means little oranges. After you roll some leftover rice into a small ball, place a piece of mozzarella (马苏里拉奶酪 ) in the center, then bread that and fry it, the golden outside resembles one of our favorite fruits. For my family, it also showcased my mother' s ability to always find a delicious way to never let anything go to waste: Last night's good rice was repurposed into this perfect mid-day snack or dinner appetizer.
So, when I take a perfect little arancini out of the hot oil and crack it open, I am immediately transported back to my childhood: I am a little girl getting off the bus and running through the back door to the smell of last night's rice transformed into sticky, delicate goodness. This small snack symbolizes so many important elements in my life: my mother' s waste-not philosophy, her ability to take a few simple ingredients and transform them, and finally, the way she carried her mother' s recipes to the U. S. in her mind and heart so she could, years later, teach me about my heritage through food.
Eating arancini, and all the other recipes my mother continued to make here in the U. S. after leaving Italy, allowed her to teach me who I am, where I come from, and why I should be proud of it all.
1. What makes the author's home feel like in Italy?A.Fruit and snacks. |
B.Neighbors and friends. |
C.Names and holidays. |
D.Food and language. |
A.It saves valuable food from going to waste. |
B.It reminds the author of her days at school. |
C.It plays a major role in continuing family tradition. |
D.It showcases the cooking skills of the author's mother. |
A.Arancini di riso. |
B.Mother' s kindness. |
C.The Italian language. |
D.Amazing cooking skills. |
A.Why learning to cook is important for a mother. |
B.How the family heritage is taught through food. |
C.How childhood experiences change one's life. |
D.Why mothers are important in children's education. |