1 . New efforts are being made to prevent American college campuses from cigarette smoking. Twenty colleges in the United States recently received money to help protect their campuses from the harm of cigarettes.

Supporters say that every child deserves to grow up in a safe and healthy environment free from harmful second-hand cigarettes. And in November, smoking at college campuses may become illegal.

Before banning smoking at college campuses, the US has passed laws banning smoking at most workplaces. 27 American states ban smoking in all indoor workplaces.

Those supporting smoke-free at workplaces and college campuses give one major reason: the bad influence of smoking on health.

The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) says smoking has a great influence on health. They think cigarette smoking is the leading cause of preventable deaths in the United States. Smoking is responsible for 480,000 deaths every year.

Supporters say the bad influence of second-hand smoke makes it a public health problem. Some also say that college campuses are a good place to ban smoking.

Gary Reedy, the CEO of the American Cancer Society, said it was important to stop college students from smoking, and he expected to successfully create a cigarette-free generation (世代).

The CDC found that 13 percent of adults between the ages of 18 and 24 smoke cigarettes. Reedy says that reducing the number of college students who smoke can help reduce the number of older adult smokers. He also says once a person starts smoking, it is hard to stop.

1. Who are the new efforts good for?

A．College students.	B．The CDC.
C．Young smokers.	D．People in public places.

2. What makes the action to ban smoking possible?

A．The bad influence of smoking.	B．Money wasted on cigarettes.
C．Laws passed by the US.	D．Public attention to health.

3. Which one is Reedy’s opinion?

A．Smoking spreads easily among college students.

B．Smoke-free campuses have a long-term influence.

C．It is easier for college students to stop smoking.

D．There’re more older adult smokers in the world.

4. What is the best title for the text?

A．Second-hand smoke is affecting college students too

B．Groups take steps to protect college students

C．Cigarettes should be totally banned in college

D．Banning smoking is being tried at US colleges

2 . Many questions can be expected in advance and it’s wise to have some well-constructed answers that you can tailor more closely on the day. It’s sensible to have a number of key phrases to use. Remember to always try and make your answers positive.

Q1: Tell me about yourself. (The interviewer is really saying “I want to hear you talk.”)

A1: This is just to get things started, but it is a very common question. Write a script, and practice it so that it sounds natural. Spend a maximum of four minutes describing your qualifications, career history and your range of skills. Emphasize those skills that are relevant to the job on offer.

Q2: What have been your achievements to date? (The interviewer is saying “Are you an achiever?”)

A2: Again, this is a common question, so be prepared. Select an achievement that is experience-related and fairly recent. Identify skills you used in this achievement and say what the results were.

Q3: What do you like about your present job? (The interviewer is really trying to find out whether you will enjoy the things the new job has to offer.)

A3: This is a straightforward question. All you have to make sure is that your ‘likes’ correspond to the skills etc. required for the job on offer. Be positive, describe your job as interesting and diverse, but do not overdo it. After all, you are leaving?

Q4: What are your strengths? (The interviewer simply wants a straightforward answer as to what you are good at.)

A4: This is the one question that you are definitely going to get, so there is no excuse for being unprepared. Concentrate on discussing your main strengths. List three or four explanations of how they could benefit the employer. Strengths to consider include technical proficiency; ability to learn quickly; determination to succeed; positive attitude; your ability to relate to people and achieve a common goal. You may be asked to give examples of the above, so be prepared.

Q5: Tell me about the most difficult situation you’ve had to face and how you handled it.

(The interview is really trying to find out your definition of “difficult” and whether you can show a logical approach to problem solving using your initiative.)

A5: This can be a trap! To avoid it, select a difficult work situation that was not caused by you and which can be quickly explained in a few sentences. Explain how you defined the problem, what the options were, why you selected the one you did and what the outcome was. Always end on a positive note.

1. The passage is mainly intended to ________.

A．highlight the importance of looking positive in an interview

B．give suggestions on how to answer interview questions

C．provide some sample answers to interview questions

D．illustrate how to look confident in an interview

2. When asked about what you think of your present job, you’d better ________.

A．talk about what you dislike about it

B．comment positively on your colleagues

C．relates it to the job you are applying for

D．describe how interesting it is as far as possible

3. If an interviewer wants to know whether you can solve a problem properly, what will he ask?

A．Tell me about yourself?

B．Tell me about your strengths?

C．What have been your achievements to date?

D．How did you handle the most difficult situation?

3 . By the time the British adventurer Ash Dykes reached Chongqing 178 days after starting to trek (长途跋涉) along the Yangtze River from its source to the sea, the most difficult part of the journey was over. Dykes had completed about 2,430 miles, and all he needed to do was cover the next 1,550 miles in 187 days or less to complete the whole journey.

On August 26 last year, a three-man team, including two guides and a horse, hit the road at the starting point, the source of the Yangtze River in the south of Qinghai Province. Then at different times for the next two months, different people had come to join them.

In order to cross the plateau (高原) and mountains in good weather, the journey was planned to start in summer. However, because of the problems in preparations, Dykes arrived in Qinghai in late August as the days were becoming shorter and colder. Not wanting to wait for another year, he decided to continue.

Within a few days three of the adventurers experienced serious high altitude sickness (高原反应). In the mountains, the team had to light fire to scare off bears, and once they had been followed by a group of wolves for two days. They were forced to quit the journey. In fact, Dykes has been walking alone since late October.

“The rest of the trip would be much easier,” Dykes said. He started from Chongqing on the second half of the journey on March 11. At the same time,he called on more people to join him in some parts of the trek as a way to encourage environmental protection.

“Travelling along the Yangtze River is not only a great act, it’s also a chance to enjoy the true beauty and wonders of China, and attract people’s attention to the environment and good work to protect it,” he wrote on his Weibo. “However, the kindness and warmth of the local people have struck me so much that it is they that make the journey unforgettable.”

1. What do we know about Dykes’ journey along the Yangtze River?

A．It will cover about 3,980 miles.

B．It will be joined by more and more people.

C．It began in Qinghai and will end in Chongqing.

D．It’ll take him over a year to finish the whole journey.

2. What made Dykes unable to start the journey as planned?

A．Bad weather conditions.

B．Not enough preparations.

C．No partners.

D．High altitude sickness.

3. What’s the text mainly about?

A．The importance of protecting the Yangtze River.

B．The best way to travel along the Yangtze River.

C．People’s effort to protect the Yangtze River.

D．Dykes’ journey along the Yangtze River.

4 . A new study establishes that environmental damage caused by corn production results in 4,300 premature deaths annually in the United States, representing cost of $39 billion.

The paper, published in the peer-reviewed journal Nature Sustainability, presents how researchers have estimated for the first time the health damages caused by corn production using detailed information on pollution emissions, pollution transport by wind, and human exposure to increased air pollution levels.

The study also shows how the damage to human health of producing a litre (升) of corn differs from region to region and how, in some areas, the health damages of corn production are greater than its market price.

“The deaths caused per litre in western corn belt states such as Minnesota, Iowa, and Nebraska tend to be lower than in eastern corn belt states such as Illinois, Indiana, and Ohio,” said lead researcher Jason Hill.

It’s important for farmers to have this information so that they can carry out practices that reduce the environmental influence of the crops they grow. Farmers can greatly improve the environmental profile of their corn by using precision agriculture tools and switching to fertilizers that have lower ammonia (氨) emissions. The study’s results also suggest potential benefits from improving nitrogen use efficiency, switching to crops requiring less fertilizer, and changing the location where corn is grown.

Aware that changes in practices can take time and planning, Hill suggests farmers could be offered motivation to switch to crops that demand less applied nitrogen while still offering market and nutritional benefits.

Hill said, “The number of deaths related to corn production could be reduced through these key strategies”.

1. Which of the states has the lowest death rate caused by corn production?

A．Nebraska.	B．Illinois.
C．Indiana.	D．Ohio.

2. Which of the following is not advised to do for farmers to reduce the environmental impact of corn?

A．Improve nitrogen use efficiency.

B．Plant crops with no fertilizer.

C．Change the corn’s location.

D．Using precision agriculture tools.

3. What is Jason Hill’s attitude to preventing deaths caused by corn production?

A．Indifferent.	B．Optimistic.
C．Pessimistic.	D．Neutral.

4. In which part of a website will you find this text?

A．Health and lifestyle.

B．Art and design.

C．Science and environment.

D．Fashion and business.

5 . Even though these monuments are extremely well known, they hold secrets that not many people are aware of.

Empire State Building

On the 103rd floor of the Empire State Building in New York, there is a secret observation deck that not a lot of people know about. To access the balcony, you have to take a series of elevators and then a very steep, narrow staircase. The observation deck isn’t open to the public, but many celebrities have been photographed there.

Eiffel Tower

There is a secret apartment and office at the very top of the Eiffel Tower that has just recently become open to the public. In 1889, Gustave Eiffel, the engineer of this famous Paris landmark, built himself a private apartment and office. It has been restored and has wax models of Gustave, his daughter, and American inventor Thomas Edison on display.

Statue of Liberty

There is actually a room in the torch of the Statue of Liberty that showcases breathtaking views of the city. People used to be able to visit that room until 1916 when German agents blew up a nearby wharf (码头). The explosion sent broken pieces into the raised arm of Lady Liberty, making the staircase up to the hidden room unsafe.

Disneyland

Hardcore Disney fans might think they know all of the secrets of the park, a famous U.S. landmark, but many haven’t heard of Club 33. This exclusive restaurant is hidden behind an unmarked door in Disneyland’s New Orleans Square. If you want to dine here on your next trip to Disneyland, don’t get your hopes up. It costs $25,000 to join the club, plus an annual fee of $12,000.

1. What do the monuments have in common?

A．They are all in Europe.

B．They all have skyscrapers.

C．They are all the best-known.

D．They all hide little-known secrets.

2. Which of the four has the easiest access?

A．Disneyland.	B．Eiffel Tower.
C．Statue of Liberty.	D．Empire State Building.

3. Which can be used to replace the underlined word “exclusive” in the last paragraph?

A．Attractive.	B．Expensive.
C．Wonderful.	D．Beautiful.

6 . A sense of humour, God’s greatest gift to mankind, is universally considered the most valuable personality. It is born within every person’s heart, but has to be cultivated (培养). A person without humour is just like a spring without flowers, or like a dish without seasoning (调味品). In a sense, your personality lies in your sense of humour.

Humour can improve physical as well as mental well-being. It helps us bear our burdens, reduce our tension, overcome our frustration. With a piece of joke, all our worries and sadness disappear like smoke, and we are all full of energy once again.

Humour helps us live in harmony with others. It is unavoidable to have misunderstanding and tension with others during work and study. But humour can help us solve these problems more quickly than angry words or quarrels. With it you can always keep on good terms with others.

A sense of humour is really one of the keys to happiness. It gives fun and interest to life to make it worth living.

Here are five ways to improve your sense of humour.

1. Begin to cultivate an atmosphere of humour and laughter in your relationships.

2. Start association with humourous, fun loving people.

3. Learn to laugh at yourself.

4. Collect cartoons and jokes and share them with others.

5. Use humour to deal with conflict in your relationships:

Remember that a sense of humour is learned, not inherited (遗传). You can sharpen your sense of humour if you really want to.

1. What would be the best title for this passage?

A．A Sense of Humour—a Great Personality	B．A Sense of Humour—the Secret to Success
C．How to. Improve Your Sense, of Humour.	D．Humour Helps to Improve Our Health

2. This passage doesn’t tell us that____________.

A．a person without humour is dull	B．humour can make us happy.
C．humour can help us deal with worries	D．humour can help us solve all the problems

3. The underlined word “harmony” probably means ”____________”.

A．pleasing

B．interest

C．friendship

D．eager

4. According to the passage, a sense of humour cannot be____________.

A．learned

B．cultivated

C．inherited

D．improved

7 . How to Teach Kids to Be Calm

Children often get overwhelmed by emotions. There`re some gentle but powerful ways to bring your child to a state of peace and teach him how to calm himself.

    1    However stressful it is to deal with a screaming child, you`ll only make things worse if you shout. Take deep breaths, remember you’re an adult and use a calm voice.     2    

Speak to your child about what has caused an outburst after he has calmed down. It’s much easier to address the causes of lack of calm when the child is in a state of calm. As soon as he is old enough to talk, encourage your child to express his feelings and explain what was wrong.    3     And discuss with him how he could have addressed those feelings in a calm way.

Teach your child to recognize the signs that he is about to lose his calm.     4    If you notice that he is getting angry, stop and say you have noticed he is tensing his body, starting to throw things—or whatever behavior he is displaying. Tell him you have noticed that he does those things when he is angry and ask him how he is feeling and what he needs to do to help him stay calm.

Teach your child a routine to go through when he or you recognize that he is starting to lose his calm. Find a quiet place where he can calm down. Show him how to take three deep breaths.     5     The important thing is that he has a method he can use each time he is going to lose his calm.

A．Keep yourself calm.

B．Prevention is better than cure.

C．Stay close to your child when he is angry.

D．Listen patiently even if his problems don’t make sense to you.

E．An angry adult isn’t a good model for teaching a child calmness.

F．Or teach him a simple gentle song about happiness or calmness.

G．Set aside a time each day for you and your child to be calm together.

8 . Produced by Hunan Satellite TV, Where Are We Going, Dad? invites five male celebrities from different fields and their children to spend quality time together in new environments while accomplishing various survival tasks.

Since it first aired in January, 2013, Where Are We Going, Dad? has been sweeping the whole nation and has become Chinas most popular show averaging more than 600 million viewers each week and 640 million downloads online. Even the China Daily, the official mouthpiece of the Chinese government praised its success, “The deep affection on display in the show is heart-warming. But what accounts for the show’s popularity?

Part of the appeal is the chance to peek into the lives of popular Chinese celebrities and their children. Audiences are delighted to watch the failed attempts of celebrity dads making dinner, combing hair, and disciplining children. At the same time, the cute kids themselves and their authentic and entertaining behaviors are very impressive and attractive.

“Another reason for the success of the show lies in the fact that it is a reexamination of the father’s role in traditional Chinese culture,” said the general director of the show. In a society. Still influenced by the concept that “men rule outside and women inside”, many Chinese fathers are poor at expressing their feelings toward their children. Usually they appear strict and distant. But on the show, we see fathers are much gentler on their kids and more involved in their upbringing. This show raises an important question for modern Chinese society — what is the role of fathers in today’s China?

A fascinating part of the show is that you can see many parenting styles. The five fathers on the show all have very diverse parenting styles, which is great because it shows people there isn’t just one way to raise a child. But Chinese parents increasingly realize that discussing and respecting their children’s choices may be a more appropriate way to prepare them for modern society. Meanwhile, the show can remind adults of their own childhood and the love of father. For those parents, they will rethink their own responsibility as parents and understand their kids better.

1. The chief function of the underlined sentence (in Paragraph 2) is ________.

A．to sum up the main idea of the paragraph

B．to introduce a new topic

C．to arouse reader’s interest

D．to express strong feelings

2. What can be inferred from the fourth Paragraph?

A．Traditionally children are not to be brought up by mothers alone in China.

B．Modern Chinese fathers wonder how to treat their children.

C．The role of fathers is changing in China.

D．More and more mothers go out to work.

3. Which of the following is NOT the reason for the show’s success?

A．People are curious about the celebrities’ life and their kids.

B．The show makes people reconsider father’s role in today’s China.

C．The show displays various parenting styles.

D．The audience think highly of the celebrities parenting styles on the show.

4. What is the best title of this passage?

A．Why Is Where Are We Going, Dad? So Popular?

B．The Celebrities in Where Are We Going, Dad.

C．What Is the Role of Fathers in Today’s China?

D．Various Parenting Styles in China

9 . University degrees represent a significant financial investment. So, from the very beginning we encourage you to take a long-term review and to think about what you want to do after you graduate. That way, you can construct the most appropriate combination of courses in order to acquire the required knowledge and skills.

Over 70% of our graduate students attain a graduate level position six months after graduating.

What guidance will I receive?

Together with Career Services, we will help you

● find out about the career opportunities available

● choose the most suitable options for you

● make effective job applications

● plan and manage your future career.

What skills will I learn ?

Employers will be looking for highly skilled recruits. A language study course does not just teach you facts, but also a range of skills, for example:

● the practical skills of carefully listening to and transcribing(转录) languages

● the analytical skills of describing and comparing languages or styles of languages

● the intellectual skills of examining and evaluating theories

● various changing skills

Our graduates are well prepared for careers which use these skills and others based on them, such as problem-solving, critical evaluation of evidence, attention to detail.

Lancaster Award

Achieve the Landscape Award, a certificate developed in partnership with employers to help you make the most of your time at Lancaster and to demonstrate the skills you have developed along the way. The Lancaster Award will help you stand out from the crowd and improve your future employment prospects.

What do students go on to do with a degree from our department?

Here are some typical areas that will be of interest to you once you’ve taken a degree from our department:

● Education: teaching in schools, colleges and universities in Britain, and teaching English as a foreign language abroad

● Journalism and media, public relations

● Publishing

● Management

● Higher degrees and research

1. What is the purpose of the Careers Service?

A．To introduce their career courses and level positions.

B．To present a significant financial investment

C．To help graduates plan and manage future career.

D．To make readers interested in their career service

2. What’s the advantage of the Lancaster Award?

A．It will make the graduate earn more money later.

B．It will help the graduates have a brighter future in career.

C．It will show the graduate’s communicative skills.

D．It will keep your work going more easily.

3. What will interest you if you have a degree from the department?

A．High income and management.

B．Education and employment prospects.

C．Future employment prospects.

D．Higher degrees and research.

10 . How to Get Teens to Establish Sleeping Habits

Although you might not be able to control all of the factors that interfere (干预) with your sleep, you can adopt habits that encourage better sleep. Start with these sleep tips.

1.    1     Pick a time for her to go to bed each night and a time for waking up that allows her to get enough sleep and get to class on time. If your teen goes to bed at 11 p.m. and gets up at 7:30 a.m., she’ll get eight and a half hours a night. If school starts earlier than that, she’ll have to go to bed earlier.

2. Keep electronic gadgets(设备) out of your teen’s bedroom. Have your teen leave her phone and other devices in the living room or kitchen when she goes to bed. If your teen brings her phone or tablet to bed with her, she might stay up late checking her social media pages or sending texts.     2    .

3. Set up a pre-bedtime schedule.     3     Encourage activities that will help her relax and get ready for sleeping, such as light reading, listening to quiet music or taking a bath.

    4     Sleeping into the afternoon or going to bed very late on Friday and Saturday can throw off a teen’s sleep schedule and make it difficult for her to fall asleep at the usual time on Sunday night.

4. Make your teenager’s room ideal for sleep by keeping it dark and cool.     5     If your teen’s room tends to be hot, put an air conditioner in the window or adjust the thermostat before she goes to bed. Bright light helps a teen wake up in the morning. Either head to her room to open the curtains or place a lamp by her bed so that she can turn it on after waking up.

A．After this, she will sleep soundly.

B．Create a sleep schedule with your teenager.

C．Sleeping well is very important for teenagers.

D．Stick to the sleep schedule, even on weekends.

E．Hang up curtains or blinds to block out light from the windows.

F．The bright light from the screen also makes it difficult for people to fall asleep.

G．About an hour before a teenager goes to bed, turn off the television, computer and other gadgets.