1 . Brownrigg is a London tour guide and leads walks through the capital all summer long, whatever the weather. His dozen or so routes range in topics from Harry Potter to the London Underground, but all have something in common. “I often end up talking about the weather,” he says. “It’s a national obsession (痴迷). I realised how much it has shaped London’s existence and history.”

Brownrigg’s Discovering Britain walk takes in several of the city’s famous landmarks, from the Tower of London lo the Shard, each stop exploring some of London’s extraordinary weather events.

We begin at the Monument Christopher Wren’s elegy to the Great Fire of London. With its pale stone column topped by a golden orb. the Monument was designed to look like a giant candle. It stands 202ft high, exactly 202ft away from where the lire began in Pudding Lane. Despite its size, the structure is dwarfed by (相形见绌) today’s surrounding tower blocks. Similarly, the causes behind the fire are sometimes overlooked. The Great Fire was a significant event in the City of London’s history, one that was shaped by the capitals geography. The spark was the weather.

As we enjoy some autumn sun beside the Monument, Brownrigg explains: “The summer of 1666 was unusually warm. At that time London was crammed (塞满) with wooden buildings, many only a few feet apart. A long, hot summer left them bone dry. Add stores of flammable materials including gunpowder left over from the Civil War and the city was a giant tinderbox.” It caught a light on 2 September when a bakery oven wasn’t cleaned properly. The inferno (特大火) lasted three days thanks to a strong breeze. Besides fanning the flames, the wind caused more mess by changing direction.

1. What does “it” refer to in paragraph 1?

A．Introducing the celebrities in London.	B．Talking about the weather.
C．Explaining the public transport.	D．Exploring the culture of Britain.

2. What does Brownrigg do mainly in each stop?

A．Admiring the special architecture.

B．Warning tourists of the public safety.

C．Paying a visit to the famous museums.

D．Probing some historical matters with weather.

3. How does the third paragraph develop?

A．By making a comparison.	B．By analyzing the important figures.
C．By offering some examples.	D．By describing the features of the buildings.

4. What can be inferred mainly from Brownrigg’s words in the last paragraph?

A．Showing the materials of the buildings.	B．Expressing the cause of the Great Fire.
C．Predicting the change of the weather.	D．Describing the surroundings of the bakery.

2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Nicolaus Copernicus was very frightened when he found all his calculations led to the same     1     (conclude) that the earth was not the center of the solar system. Only if you put the sun there did the movements of the other planets in the sky make sense. Yet the     2     (power) church believed God had made the world and     3     that reason the earth must be the center of the solar system.

Copernicus collected observations of the stars and used all his mathematical knowledge     4     (explain) them. But only his new theory could do that. He worked on his theory, gradually improving it. He placed     5     fixed sun at the center of the solar system with the planets going round it and only the moon still going round the earth. He also suggested that the earth was spinning as it went round the sun. In 1514 he showed his theory     6     (private) to his friends, who encouraged him to publish his ideas, but Copernicus was cautious and was afraid of getting     7     (attack) by the Christian Church.

The Christian Church rejected his theory,    8     (say) it was against God's idea. Yet Copernicus' idea is now the basis on which all our ideas of the universe     9     (build). His theory replaced the Christian idea of gravity,    10     said things fell to earth because God created the earth as the center of the universe.

3 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

The horse-head bronze statue lost from Yuanmingyuan in 1860     1     (return) to the site of the former royal resort last Tuesday.

The statue was one of 12 Chinese zodiac animals(生肖). But they     2     (rob) by the invading English and French forces in 1860. Yuanmingyuan was also destroyed at that time.

The horse-head statue is so far the first animal-head statue     3     (come ) back to Yuanmingyuan,     4     was donated by the late Macau businessman Stanley Ho to the country last year, and the National Cultural Heritage Administration recently handed it over     5     the administration of Yuanmingyuan ruins.

The statue will be     6     (regular) displayed in the Zhengjue Temple area. The temple is one of a few     7     (site) that generally remain complete to date. More than 10 million yuan ($1.52 million) was spent by the Haidian district government to improve facilities to ensure its     8     (safe).

Seven of the 12 statues     9     (include) the horse have returned to China, and the rest six are now housed in     10     National Museum of China.

4 . During World War II, a young nurse, Irena Sendler, risked her life to save over 2,500 children. Back in 2008, she was ________with some of the children whom she had saved. They wanted to ________her face to face for what she did.

Irena was only 29 when the war began, and at the time, she was ________at the Welfare Department of the Warsaw municipality in Poland. This gave her the perfect ________to help Jewish people being targeted by the Nazis.

In the 1940s, the Nazis ________the country’s Jewish population to the Warsaw ghetto. The ghetto was meant to ________Jews from the general population, and inside, Jews had to live in ________conditions. By 1942, nearly everyone in the ghetto had been deported (驱逐) to concentration camps and killed.

When Irena heard that, she decided to ________Jewish people. Using her credentials(证件) as a social worker, she was able to get ________to go into the ghetto. Then, she ________to take as many children out of the ghetto as she could secretly, ________over 2,500 of them between 1935 and 1943.

To get the kids out, Irena and her team would ________them in ambulances, lead them through underground sewer(下水道) networks and passageways, or wheel them out in suitcases or boxes. She eventually became one of the main ________behind Zegota, a secret organization that called itself the Council for Aid to Jews.

The Gestapo(盖世太保) ________what Irena was doing in 1943, and when she learned they were ________her, she wrote the names of the rescued children on cigarette papers, put them into two glass bottles and ________them in a friend’s garden. After the war, these bottles were dug up so that the children could be reunited with their families. ________, most of the families died in concentration camps, so many of the kids ________saw their loved ones again.

The Gestapo ________Irena and wanted to kill her, but finally she was saved by Zegota.

Irena received plenty of ________for her bravery, including the Gold Cross of Merit. Though she died later, we continue to honor her memory to this day.

1.

A．found

B．combined

C．compared

D．reunited

2.

A．thank

B．pay

C．encourage

D．congratulate

3.

A．performing

B．studying

C．working

D．struggling

4.

A．right

B．opportunity

C．excuse

D．tool

5.

A．followed

B．introduced

C．welcome

D．sent

6.

A．free

B．separate

C．protect

D．attract

7.

A．common

B．different

C．challenging

D．terrible

8.

A．look for

B．fight for

C．live with

D．write about

9.

A．directions

B．tickets

C．permission

D．Inspiration

10.

A．managed

B．promised

C．expected

D．pretended

11.

A．raising

B．accepting

C．saving

D．influencing

12.

A．hide

B．search

C．lock

D．replace

13.

A．journalists

B．experts

C．learners

D．activists

14.

A．believed

B．noticed

C．wondered

D．predicted

15.

A．depending on

B．waiting for

C．competing with

D．coming for

16.

A．burned

B．threw

C．buried

D．shared

17.

A．Unfortunately

B．Doubtfully

C．Unsuccessfully

D．Surprisingly

18.

A．also

B．even

C．never

D．nearly

19.

A．joined

B．caught

C．prevented

D．remembered

20.

A．help

B．attention

C．questions

D．honors

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A deafening boom roars through Pompeii's crowded marketplace. The ground shakes     1     (violent), throwing shoppers off balance. People scream and point toward Mount Vesuvius, a massive volcano     2     rises above them.

Nearly 2,000 years ago, Pompeii was a busy southern Italian city. But in 79, the nearby Mount Vesuvius volcano erupted. Almost overnight, Pompeii and many of its 10,000 residents disappeared under     3     blanket of ash.

Pompeii was basically forgotten until it     4     (rediscover) in 1748. Thanks     5     diggings, scientists have been able to figure out almost exactly what happened on that terrible day.

After the volcano first erupted shortly after noon, the thick ash turned everything black. Some residents escaped the city, while others took shelter in their homes. But the ash kept     6     (fall). Piles grew as deep as nine feet in some places, blocking doorways.

    7     (base) on what they uncovered, scientists believe that Pompeii was a prosperous town popular with     8     (wealth) Romans. Well-paved streets had high sidewalks. To relax, people soaked in public baths and enjoyed plays in two theaters.

Pompeii may be ancient history, but scientists are pretty sure Mount Vesuvius is overdue for another major     9     (explode). Luckily the people living near the volcano today will likely receive     10     (warning) before it blows.

7 . Anxiety sweat. Horsehair Wet grass and soil after a rain. Gunpowder. Perfume （香水） containing rosemary and bitter orange. A touch of leather.

This might have been what Napoleon's withdrawal from the Battle of Waterloo in 1815 smelled like. At least, these are some of the elements that Caro Verbeek, an art historian and olfactory（嗅觉的）researcher, tried to combine when she was reconstructing the smell. “Wars are extremely smelly,” Dr. Verbeek said. “Soldiers don't write about their injuries as much as they write about the terrible sounds and smells. So we know more about them. We also know that it had rained the night before the battle, that anxiety sweat smells different from normal sweat, and that there were thousands of horses on the field.” These were some details Dr. Verbeek relied on during the reconstruction, which is part of a project called “In Search of Lost Scents（气味）.” The scent is offered in the Rijks museum as part of tours- -on pieces of paper or in a necklace with tiny pumps- alongside Jan Willem Pieneman's 1824 painting of the scene.

Dr. Verbeek approaches past smells by attempting to recreate versions of them, as she did with the Battle of Waterloo, making a perfume of sorts that might be associated with historical events, people and works of art. Bringing smell into a museum context can be one way to make art more accessible. Marie Clapot, associate museum educator, has worked over the last few years to bring smell into the museum “It's not just about ‘Oh, it's nice to smell something.’ It's one way you can make an art objet accessible” It is also a way, she said, to bring a number of people into the conversation about art who might not be moved by traditional art history.

1. What did Dr. Verbeek's reconstruction depend on?

A．Personal experience in the war.	B．Pure imagination for the past.
C．Great talent in descriptive writing.	D．Detailed facts about the history.

2. What's the purpose of bringing smell into the museum?

A．To inform visitors of the project of nice smells.

B．To promote the popularity of traditional art history.

C．To get visitors to know wars and battles in history.

D．To combine various elements from different fields.

3. What can be a suitable title for the text?

A．What does history smell like?

B．How was a project carried out?

C．The Battle of Waterloo: a smelly war

D．The Rijks museum: a creative museum

8 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

When the Titanic was built, people assumed it would never sink. So,     1     it sank on its first journey, the news surprised everyone greatly. The Titanic was built in Belfast, Ireland. Its makers spent a great deal of money     2    (build) the extraordinary ship. When it was finished, it was the     3     (large) and most comfortable ship ever built.

The Titanic set sail on 10 April 1912. “I had wanted to set foot on the Titanic ever since it was built,” said Molly Brown, a Titanic     4    (survive). “I never imagined it would sink！” On 13 April, the Titanic was sailing     5     full speed towards New York. The captain,     6     had received warnings about icebergs all day, had dismissed the warnings as they arrived. At 2.20 a. m.，the Titanic sank into the sea. It had hit     7     iceberg just over two hours before. Of the 2,208 people aboard the ship, only 705 survived.

Explorer Robert Ballard     8    (search) for the Titanic for more than 20 years before he found it. “When new technology was developed, we used it to send     9    (camera) down into the sea.     10    (final),we found the ship.”With the cameras, he was able to find the hole along the side of the ship which had caused it to fill with water and sink.

9 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Economic development is necessary if we want to improve society. There comes a time     1     the old must give way to the new.     2     (keep) the right balance between progress and the protection of cultural sites can be a big challenge. Big challenges, however, can sometimes lead to great     3     (solve). In order to benefit the area, the Egyptian government wanted to build a new dam     4     the Nile. But the     5     (propose) led to protests. Later, a committee       6     (establish) to limit damage to the Egyptian buildings and prevent the     7     (lose) of cultural relics. Temples and other cultural sites were taken down piece by piece, and then moved and put back together again in a place     8     they were safe from the water. When the project     9     (end) in 1980, it was considered     10     great success.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

"Take good care of yourself, my darling, not just for your own sake, but for mine also," wrote     1     unknown serviceman stationed in the Waziristan region.

The letter is one of the 717 that were never delivered by the ship, the SS Gairsoppa, which     2    (destroy) off the coast of Ireland by a German U-boat on February 16th, 1941. Of the 86 crew members     3     board, only one survived.

With a     4    ( hand) of the more complete letters displayed in an exhibition at the Postal Museum in London in 2018, the museum has been working on the more damaged letters intending     5    (expose ) wartime lives.

Two other letters are from a father to his children in Torquay,     6     the museum believes they may have escaped. The father wrote, “Mummy will send you back to Wycombe sooner or later. Meanwhile we all have to make the     7    (good) of things as they are: the war has upset most people's dreams and     8     (mode) of living including mine!”

“It feels somewhat mournful and appropriate to unite these letters on the     9    (eighty) anniversary of the ship's sinking,"   said conservator Jackie Coppen. "It is inevitable that while     10     (piece) the letters together I have come to form a close relationship with them.”