牛津译林版 2020 必修三

Unit3   Grammar and usage 课中

动词-ing形式作定语、状语和宾语补足语

一、动词-ing形式作定语

1.当动词-ing形式单独作定语时，放在所修饰的名词前;如果是动词-ing形式短语作定语则放在所修饰的名词后。

①In the following years he worked even harder.

在后来的几年中，他工作更努力了。

②The man ________ (speak) to the teacher is our monitor’s father.

正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲。

2.动词-ing形式可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途、特征和性质。

a walking stick 拐杖

a reading room 阅览室

a ________ (sleep) car 卧铺车

(答案：speaking，sleeping)

二、动词-ing形式作状语

动词-ing形式作状语，常常表示原因、时间、条件、结果、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

1.作时间状语，相当于when，while，since等引导的时间状语从句。

Hearing the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.

→When they heard the bad news, they couldn’t help crying.

当听到这个不幸的消息时，他们情不自禁地哭了起来。

2.作原因状语，相当于because，since，as等引导的原因状语从句。

Not understanding this problem, he asked the teacher about it.

①→Because he didn’t understand this problem, he asked the teacher about it.

因为不理解这个问题，他问了老师。

2. As I don’t know his address, I can’t send this book to him.

→________ (know) his address, I can’t send this book to him.

因为不知道他的地址，我不能把这本书送给他。

(答案：Not knowing)

3.作条件状语。相当于if，unless等引导的条件状语从句。

1.If you go straight down the road, you will find the department store.

→________(go) straight down the road, you will find the department store.

(答案：Going)

顺着这条路一直走，你就会发现那家百货商店。

4.作结果状语常表示自然而然的结果。

People from all the corners came to the city center, making it very crowded.

各地的人们来到了市中心，这使市中心非常拥挤。

5.作方式或伴随状语。表示一个同时发生的次要的(或者伴随的)动作，常用逗号与句子主体部分隔开，相当于并列句。

1. One evening Harry phoned me, and he asked me to come to his flat as soon as possible.

→One evening Harry phoned me, ________(ask) me to come to his flat as soon as possible.

一天晚上哈里给我打电话，要我尽快去他的公寓。

(答案：taking)

6.作让步状语。相当于though，although，even if等引导的让步状语从句。

1. Although they knew all this, they made me pay for the damage.

→________(know) all this, they made me pay for the damage.

尽管知道了一切情况，他们还是要我赔偿损失。

(答案：Knowing)

三、动词-ing形式作宾语补足语

1.动词-ing形式可在watch，see，hear，feel，find，notice，smell等表示感官和心理状态的动词后作宾语补足语。

I felt my heart beating violently.

我觉得我的心在猛烈地跳动。

2.动词-ing形式可在have，keep，set，get等表示“使”“让”的动词后作宾语补足语。

①He had the light burning all night, which made his parents very angry.

他让灯亮了整晚，这使他父母很生气。

②They use computers to keep the traffic_________(run) smoothly.

他们使用电脑来使交通保持畅通无阻。

(答案：running)

三、练习：用所给单词的适当形式填空