牛津译林版 2020 必修三

Unit4   Grammar and usage 课前

一、中英互译       

二、重点词汇解析与练习

1. surround /səˈraʊnd/ vt. 围绕，环绕;包围;与...紧密相关

【原句背诵】

He observed that the bacteria surrounding the mould were dead.

【联想拓展】

surround... with... 用...包围...

be surrounded by/with... 被...围绕(常省去be，在句中做状语或后置定 语)

surrounded adj. 被……环绕着的

surrounding adj. 周围的，附近的

surroundings n. 环境[pl.](=environment)

【经典例句】

①Tall trees surround the lake. 环湖都是大树。

②The lake is surrounded with/by trees. 湖被树木环绕。

③As a child I was surrounded by love and kindness. 幼年时我备受关爱。

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2. indicate /ˈɪndɪkeɪt/ vt. 表明;暗示;提及;指出

【原句背诵】

Surprised by this, Fleming performed some tests. The results indicated that something produced by the mould had killed the bacteria.

【联想拓展】

indicate sth to sb 向某人提及某事

indication n. 暗示[C,U]

indicator n. 标志，迹象;方向灯，转向指示灯;指示器

indicative adj. 指示的，表明的，象征的

【经典例句】

①Record profits in the retail market indicate a boom in the economy. 零售市场上有史以来的最高利润显示出经济的突飞猛进。

②Research indicates that eating habits among teenagers are changing fast. 研究显示，青少年的饮食习惯正迅速改变。

③In his letter the manager indicated to us (that) he was willing to cooperate. 经理在信中向我们透露他愿意合作。

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3.accident /ˈæksɪdənt/ n. 意外，偶然的事[C,U];事故，意外遭遇[C]

【原句背诵】

One might think Fleming discovered penicillin by accident, but actually this is far from the truth.

【联想拓展】

a car/road/traffic accident 车祸;公路事故;交通事故

have an accident 出事故

a serious/minor accident 严重╱轻微事故

a fatal accident (= in which sb is killed) 死亡事故

accidentally adv. 意外地;偶然地

by accident 偶然，意外地 (同义词组：by chance)

【经典例句】

She was involved in a serious car accident last week. 她上个星期卷入了一场严重的车祸。

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4. intelligent /ɪnˈtelɪdʒənt/ adj. 有才智的，聪明的;有智力的

【原句背诵】

He was intelligent and experienced enough to notice its potential, and his hard work and determination helped get its mass production started.

【联想拓展】

a highly intelligent child 非常聪明的孩子

intelligent system 智能系统

a search for intelligent life on other planets 在其他行星上探索智能生命

intelligence n 智力;智能[U]

artificial intelligence 人工智能(AI)

【反义词】unintelligent adj. 愚蠢的，不聪明的;无知的

【经典例句】

①Susan’s a very bright and intelligent woman who knows her own mind. 苏珊是一个非常聪明伶俐而且有自己想法的人。

②Intelligent computers will soon be an indispensable diagnostic tool for every doctor. 智能计算机很快将会成为每位医生必不可少的诊断工具

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5. favour /ˈfeɪvə(r)/ vt. 较喜欢;偏袒;有助于 n. 帮助，好事;赞 同;偏袒

【原句背诵】

As Louis Pasteur said, “Fortune favours the prepared mind.”

【联想拓展】

do sb a favour = do a favour for sb 帮某人的忙

ask a favour of sb 请求某人帮忙

in favour of = be for 支持

in sb’s favour 对某人有利

favoured adj. 受到宠爱的;得到偏爱的

favourable adj. 赞同的;有利的

favourite adj. 特别受喜爱的 n. 特别喜爱的人/事物

【误区】favour也可以写成favor。

【经典例句】

①Tom said he would never ask for any favours from her. 汤姆说再也不会请她帮忙了。

②It remains to be seen if the show will find favour with an audience. 这场演出是否将获得观众喜爱还要拭目以待。

③Could you do me a favour and pick up Sam from school today? 今天你能帮我个忙去学校接萨姆吗?

④Do yourself a favour (= help yourself) and wear a helmet on the e-bike. 要照顾自己，骑电动车戴上头盔。

⑤He abandoned teaching in favour of a career as a musician. 他弃教从事音乐。

⑥The warm climate favours many types of tropical plants. 温暖的气候对多种热带植物生长有利。

【语法填空】

6. charge /tʃɑːdʒ/ vt.&vi. 充电;收费;控告;谴责;使...承担责任;使充满

【原句背诵】

When the thunderstorm approached, the lightning would charge the key.

【联想拓展】

charge n. 收费[C,U];控告[C,U];谴责[C];掌管[U]

charge sb some money for sth 因某事而向某人收费

charge sb with (doing) sth 指控/控告/指责某人(做了)某事

take charge of 负责，接管

in charge of 主管，掌管;负责

in the charge of = in one’s charge 被掌管，由...负责

free of charge 免费

chargeable adj. 应支付的;可以控诉的;可充电的;应课税的

charger n. 充电器;袭击者;委托者;控诉者[C]

【反义词】discharge vt.&vi. 放电;释放;解雇;撤销(法院命令等)

【经典例句】

①Before use, the battery must be charged. 电池使用前必须充电。

②The shaver can be charged up and used when travelling. 这种电动剃须刀可充电供旅

【语法填空】