牛津译林版 2020 必修三

Unit4   Integrated skills- Extended reading-Project 课中

一、 重点词汇解析：

1. involve /ɪnˈvɒlv/ vt. 包含;牵涉，影响;(使)参加

【原句背诵】

I had to ask myself, “Is there some evil involved in science?”

【联想拓展】

involve sb 牵涉到某人

involve sb in (doing) sth 使某人参与(做)某事

involve sth/doing sth 包含某物/做某事

be/get involved in 卷入...中;参与...中

involvement n. 参与[U];投入,沉迷[U,C]

【经典例句】

①Running a hotel involves lots of discipline and speed. 经营旅馆需要讲究纪律和速度。

②The test will involve answering questions about a photograph. 考试将包括回答一些关于一张照片的问题。

③There was a serious incident involving a group of youths. 有一起涉及一群年轻人的严重事件。

④Some people tried to stop the fight but I didn’t want to get involved. 有人设法阻止打斗，但我不想牵涉进去。

⑤We believe the time and hard work involved in completing such an assignment are worthwhile. 我们相信为完成这项任务所需要投入的时间和付出的努力是值得的。

【翻译句子】

2. moral /ˈmɒrəl/ adj. 道德的;道义上的;品行端正的 n. 品行，道德[pl.];寓意[C]

【原句背诵】

Of course, if we make good things, it is not only to the credit of science; it is also to the credit of the moral choice which led us to good work.

【联想拓展】

moral sense 道德意识

moral standards 道德水平

a moral issue/dilemma/question 道德方面的议题╱困境╱问题

morally adv. 道德上;有道德地

morality n. 道德，品行;正当性

【反义词】moral的反义词是immoral adj. 不道德的;邪恶的。

【经典例句】

①Governments have at least a moral obligation to answer these questions. 政府至少在道义上有责任回应这些问题。

②She describes her own moral dilemma in making the film. 她描述了自己拍摄这部电影时面临的道德困境。

【翻译句子】

3. apply /əˈplaɪ/ vt. & vi. 应用;申请;涂;有关

【原句背诵】

Scientific knowledge is an enabling power to do either good or bad-but it does not carry instructions on how to apply it.

【联想拓展】

to apply for a job/passport/grant 申请工作╱护照╱拨款

apply... to...把...应用于...;将...涂抹在...上

be applied to... 应用于...

apply (to sb/sth) for... (向某人)申请...

to apply to a company/university 向公司╱大学申请

apply to 适用于

apply oneself to 致力于，专心于(to为介词)

application n. 申请[C,U];应用[U,C]

application form 申请表

applicant n. 申请人[C]

【误区】注意从apply到application和applicant的词形变化!

【经典例句】

①You should apply in person/by letter. 你应该当面╱写信申请。

② Tom has applied to join the army. 汤姆已报名参军。

③ The rule applies where a person owns stock in a corporation. 该规定对于在公司里拥有股份的人适用。

④Tickets are limited and will be allocated to those who apply first. 票数有限，将分配给那些先申请的人。

⑤The new technology was applied to farming. 这项新技术已应用于农业。

⑥After 15 years in the U.S., he has finally decided to apply for American citizenship. 在美国住了15年后，他最终决定申请美国的公民身份。

⑦Apply the cream sparingly to your face and neck. 把乳霜薄薄地抹在脸和脖子上。

【翻译句子】

4. negate /nɪˈɡeɪt/ vt. 取消，使无效;否认，否定

【原句背诵】

Such power has obvious value-even though the power may be negated by what one does with it.

【联想拓展】

negation n. 否定，否认;拒绝

negative adj. 否定的;消极的

negatively adv. 否定地;消极地

【经典例句】

①Alcohol negates the effects of the drug. 酒精能使药物失效。

②These weaknesses negated his otherwise progressive attitude towards the staff. 这些缺点抹杀了他本来对工作人员的开明态度。

【翻译句子】

5. let sb down 使某人失望

【原句背诵】

Never concerned that the answer may let us down, with pleasure and confidence we turn over each new stone to find unimagined strangeness leading on to more wonderful questions and mysteries.

【联想拓展】

let down 使失望;放下;辜负;减速下降

let off 放出;准许…暂停工作;宽恕

let in 让…进来;嵌入

let out 放出;泄露;出租

let sb go 释放某人;解雇，开除

let sb/sth go/let go (of sb/sth)放手，放开;摒弃

【经典例句】

The company now has a large number of workers who feel badly let down. 现在公司里现在有很多员工感到很失望。

【翻译句子】

6. ignorance /ˈɪɡnərəns/ n. 无知[U]

【原句背诵】

I would now like to turn to a third value that science has. The scientist has a lot of experience with ignorance and doubt and uncertainty, and this experience is of very great importance. When a scientist doesn’t know the answer to a problem, he is ignorant.

【联想拓展】

widespread ignorance of/about the disease 对这种疾病的普遍不了解

in ignorance of sth 不知道某事

out of ignorance 出于无知

ignorant adj.无知的，无力的;不了解的

be ignorant of/about 不知道某事

be ignorant that... 不知道...

ignore vt. 忽视，不理睬

【误区】注意ignore, ignorant和ignorance之间的词形变化!

【经典例句】

Black people are always fighting a long battle against prejudice and ignorance. 黑人们一直同偏见与无知进行了长期的斗争。

【翻译句子】

7. permit /pəˈmɪt/ vt. & vi. 允许，准许，许可;使有可能 /ˈpɜːmɪt/ n. 许可证[C]

【原句背诵】

In order to progress, we must not forget the importance of this struggle; we must recognize our ignorance and leave room for doubt. Permit us to question-to doubt-to not be sure.

【联想拓展】

permit sb to do sth 允许某人做某事

permit doing sth 允许做某事

time/weather/condition etc. permitting (=if time/weather/condition etc. permits)时间/天气/条件 允许的话

a fishing/residence/parking, etc. permit 钓鱼、居住、停车等许可证

to apply for a permit 申请许可证

to issue a permit 签发许可证

permission n. 允许，许可[U]

with/without (one’s) permission 得到/未经(某人的)允许

ask for permission 请求允许

【误区1】注意permit作动词和名词时，读音不同!

【误区2】permit作动词时，现在分词是permitting;过去式和过去分词分别是permitted, permitted。

【误区3】注意从动词permit到名词permission的词形变化!

【经典例句】

①The patients were not permitted any contact with each other. 病人不 许彼此有任何接触。

②The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder. 门卫允许我带上相机和录音机。

③Visitors are not permitted to take photographs. 参观者请勿拍照。

④He has to apply for a permit, and we have to find him a job. 他必须申请一个许可证，而我们必须给他找一份工作。

⑤ I’ll come tomorrow, weather permitting (= if the weather is fine/if the weather permits) . 天气许可的话，我明天过来。

【翻译句子】

8. declare /dɪˈkleə(r)/ vt. 表明，宣称;公布;宣布;申报

【原句背诵】

It is our responsibility as scientists, knowing the great progress that is the fruit of freedom of thought, to declare the value of this freedom; to teach how doubt is not to be feared but to be welcomed and discussed; and to demand this freedom as our duty to all coming generations.

【联想拓展】

declare war on... 向...宣战

declare for/against... 声明支持/反对...

declaration n 宣告，公告[C,U];宣布[C]

【经典例句】

①The government has declared a state of emergency. 政府已宣布进入 紧急状态。 ②He declared he would not run for a second term as president. 他声明不再竞选连任总统。

【翻译句子】

二、写作

本单元的作文是为学校科技节写一个计划。写此类短文，需要说明下列几点：1.科技节的时间、主题;2.科技节中进行的事情;3.要邀请的人;4.推荐哪种实验;5.建议大家参加哪些活动。

常用表达

1．At that time，we will invite a famous scientist...

2．During the festival，you will experience some interesting things...

3．There are so many experiments which will interest you very much.

4．In my opinion，you’d better take part in some...

5．I think most of you will benefit from the exciting festival...

6．The topic of this Science Festival is...

审题

写作要求是为即将举行的科技节写一个计划。写作时应注意下列几点：

1．确定文体：这是一个计划。写作时注意计划的格式。

2．主体时态：文章应以一般将来时为主。

3．主体人称：由于是写一个科技节计划，所以人称应该以第三人称为主。

谋篇

第一段：介绍科技节的时间、地点以及主题。

第二段：介绍科技节的活动及参加人员。

第三段：表示祝愿。

核心词汇

连词成句

句式升级