牛津译林版 2020 必修三
Unit4 Grammar and usage 课中
过去分词做定语、状语、宾语补足语一、过去分词作定语1.过去分词作定语时的位置
(1)前置定语
一般情况下,单个过去分词作前置定语,即放在所修饰词之前。
①The
polluted water was to blame for the spread of cholera.
被污染的水造成了霍乱的传播。
②The
recovered animals will be released soon.
痊愈的动物会很快被释放。
[名师点津]①有些过去分词表示特定含义时,单独作定语也放在所修饰的名词之后,如left(剩余的),given(所给的),concerned(有关的)等。
22-23高一下·全国·随堂练习
语法填空-单句语填(约20词)
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适中(0.65)
There are few tigers left. It is time for the departments ___________ (concern) to take measures to protect them from dying out.(所给词的适当形式填空)
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剩余的老虎不多了,是相关部门采取措施保护它们免遭灭绝的时候了。
②如果被修饰的词是由every/some/any/no与thing/body/one所构成的复合代词或指示代词those等,单个分词放在被修饰词的后面。
Is there anything
unsolved?还有什么没解决的吗?
(2)后置定语
过去分词短语作定语时往往作后置定语,即放在所修饰词之后,它的作用相当于一个定语从句。
Last Tuesday in a mountainous area,there were a total of 173 sheep
killed almost immediately(=which were killed almost immediately) when lightning struck.
上周二在一个山区,有173只羊在被闪电击中时即刻死亡。
2.过去分词作定语时的意义
(1)及物动词的过去分词作定语,在语态上表示被动;在时间上,常表示动作已经发生或完成,有时也不表示时间性。
①Trucks and buses were driven on gas
carried in large bags on the roof.(表示被动)
卡车与公共汽车皆烧煤气,煤气装在车顶上的大袋子中。
②The plan
put forward at the meeting will be carried out soon.(表示被动和完成)
会上提出的计划将很快被执行。
(2)不及物动词的过去分词作定语,它不表示被动意义,只强调动作完成。
①Our
retired soccer coach went to watch us play a game last week.
上周我们已退休的足球教练去看我们打了一场比赛。
22-23高一下·全国·随堂练习
语法填空-单句语填(约0词)
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适中(0.65)
The ___________ (rise) sun is shining brightly in the morning. (所给词的适当形式填空)
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早上已升起的太阳正灿烂地照耀着。
3.过去分词与现在分词作定语的区别
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/12/2/3380700124397568/STRUCT/d84002b460c0453bb395b53d539be84c.png?resizew=220)
①As we all know,China is a
developing country.
众所周知,中国是一个发展中国家。
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The visitor came from a __________(develop) country. (所给词的适当形式填空)
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这位游客来自一个发达国家。
4.过去分词(
done)、现在分词的被动语态(
being done)与动词不定式的被动语态(
to be done)作定语的区别
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2023/12/2/3380700124397568/STRUCT/30589fb47c3c467cbf111251e0beeae2.png?resizew=248)
有益The building
built last year is our classroom building.
去年建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
②The building
being built now is our classroom building.
现在正在建造的楼是我们的教学楼。
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The building _____________(build) next month is our classroom building. (所给词的适当形式填空)
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二、过去分词作状语过去分词(短语)作状语,表示被动的或完成的动作,这时句子的主语和过去分词之间为逻辑上的被动关系。
Written in a hurry,this article was not so good.
因为写得匆忙,这篇文章不是很好。
本句中的written即为过去分词作状语,表示这篇文章是被写的,而且已经被写完。
过去分词通常在句中作时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、让步状语、方式状语和伴随状语等。
1.过去分词作时间状语,在句中相当于一个时间状语从句。
Asked about his address (=When he was asked about his address),the boy didn’t respond.
问及他的地址时,小男孩没有作答。
2.过去分词作原因状语,在句中相当于一个原因状语从句。
Annoyed at the decision(=As he was annoyed at the decision),he refused to attend the meeting.
由于生气这个决定,他拒绝参加会议。
3.过去分词作条件状语,在句中相当于一个条件状语从句。
①Given more time (=If they were given more time),the trees could grow taller.
如果再多给一点时间,这些树会长得更高。
__________(heat) to a high temperature (=If it is heated to a high temperature), water will change into vapor.
如果加热到高温,水就能变成蒸汽。
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4.过去分词作让步状语,在句中相当于一个让步状语从句。
Though having been
warned of the storm (=Though they had been warned of the storm),the farmers were still working in the fields.
尽管被警告过有暴风雨,农民们仍然在田地里劳作。
5.过去分词作方式、伴随状语。
①Followed by a group of students,the teacher entered the classroom.
=The teacher entered the classroom and he was
followed by a group of students.
老师走进教室,后面跟着一群学生。
注意:过去分词(短语)作状语时,前面有时可以加上when,if,while,though,even if,until,unless等连词,这种结构可以看作是一种省略的状语从句(省略部分多为“主语+be的多种形式”)。需要注意的是,省略的主语必须和主句的主语相同或为it。
②Even if invited (=Even if I’m invited),I won’t take part in the party.
即使受到邀请,我也不会参加那个聚会的。
注意:现在分词也可以作状语,与过去分词作状语的最主要区别在于:两者与所修饰的主句的主语的逻辑关系的区别。
(1)现在分词作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
①The girl went out,
shutting the door behind her.
女孩出去后将门随手关上。
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完成句子-根据中文句子补全英文
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适中(0.65)
____________ (know) what to do,she went to her parents for help.
由于不知如何是好,她去找父母帮忙。
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(2)过去分词作状语时,过去分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的被动关系。
①Given more encouragement,the girl could have behaved better.
如果多给这个女孩一些鼓励,她本来会表现得更好。
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完成句子-根据中文句子补全英文
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___________(face) with difficulties, you must try to overcome them.
在遇到困难时,你必须设法去克服。
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(3)部分过去分词来源于系表结构,作状语时不表示“被动关系”,其前不用being。这样的过去分词及短语常见的有:lost in(陷入某种状态)、seated(坐着的)、hidden(躲着)、lost/absorbed(沉溺于)、dressed in(穿着)、tired of(厌烦了)等。
①Lost/Absorbed in deep thought,she didn’t hear the sound.
沉溺于思考中,她没有听到那个声音。
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完成句子-根据中文句子补全英文
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适中(0.65)
___________(bear) in this beautiful town,the girl hates to leave it.
出生于这个美丽的小镇,女孩不愿离开它。
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三、过去分词作宾补1.过去分词用在表状态的keep,leave等词的后面作宾语补足语。
He got up late and hurried to his office,
leaving the breakfast untouched.
他起床晚了,没吃早饭就匆忙去上班了。
2.过去分词用在使役动词have/get和make的后面作宾语补足语。
(1)“have/get+宾语+过去分词”可以表示两种含义:“让别人做某事”或“遭遇到某种不幸”。
①Claire
had her luggage checked an hour before her plane left.
在飞机起飞前一个小时克莱儿对行李进行了安检。
22-23高一下·全国·随堂练习
完成句子-根据中文句子补全英文
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While they were on holiday,they ___________________________________.
他们在度假时,汽车被撬开了。
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(2)在“make+宾语+过去分词”这种结构中,过去分词表示结果。
They managed to
make themselves understood by using very simple English.
他们用很简单的英语来使他们自己被理解。
3.感官动词see,hear,notice,observe,watch,feel,find等后,可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
①The next morning people
found the world outside their houses completely
changed.
第二天早上,人们发现他们房子外面的世界全变了样。
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When ______________________________, we decided to spend the holiday at home.
当我们看到道路被雪封住后,我们决定在家过假期。
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4.表示“意愿;命令”的动词,如like,want,wish,expect,order等可用过去分词作宾语补足语。
The manager
ordered the work finished at the end of this week.
经理要求在本周末完成这项工作。
5.过去分词用在“with+宾语+宾补”这一结构中,过去分词与宾语之间是动宾关系。
①The living room is clean and tidy,
with a dining table already laid for a meal to be cooked.
客厅既干净又整洁,已摆好了餐桌准备摆放即将做好的饭菜。
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John received an invitation to dinner,and _____________________,he gladly accepted it.
约翰收到一份宴请函而且他的工作也做完了,他就欣然接受了邀请。
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四、练习单句语法填空
语法填空-单句语填(约10词)
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The murderer was brought in,with his hands ____(tie) behind his back. (所给词的适当形式填空)
语法填空-单句语填(约10词)
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The old man lay on the beach at ease, ______(expose) to the sun. (所给词的适当形式填空)
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语法填空-单句语填(约10词)
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When_____(take) according to the directions, the drug has no side effect. (所给词的适当形式填空)
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I’d like you to look at a study ______(conduct) in Australia in 2020. (所给词的适当形式填空)
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The _____ (surprise) look showed that she hadn’t known the experiment. (所给词的适当形式填空)
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语法填空-单句语填(约10词)
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John Snow told the story about the ______(astonish) people in Broad Street. (所给词的适当形式填空)
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While exploring the old house, he decided to have the whole house _____ (paint) soon. (所给词的适当形式填空)
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When she found her mobile devices _____(throw) away, she was very angry. (所给词的适当形式填空)
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句型转换
The patient was supported by the nurse and got off the bed.
→The patient got off the bed,_______________.(句型转换)
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As Nadia was born in a poor family,he had only two years of schooling.
→________________,Nadia had only two years of schooling. (句型转换)
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When the girl was asked about her future plan, she said that she wanted to be a teacher.
→_____________, the girl said that she wanted to be a teacher. (句型转换)
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The girl met with an accident when crossing the road and she was wounded in the head.
→The girl met with an accident when crossing the road, _____________.(句型转换)
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The woman doctor tried her best to help the girl who was injured in the accident.
→The woman doctor tried her best to help the girl___________________.(句型转换)
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单句写作
虽然又被另一个队打败了,但是我们没有失去信心。(汉译英)
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因为对儿子的学习很失望,这个女人开始哭泣。(汉译英)
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被讨论了几次后,这个问题最终用一种简单的方式解决了。(汉译英)
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2卷引用:牛津译林版 2020 必修三 Unit4 Grammar and usage 课中(已下线)牛津译林版 2020 必修三 Unit4 Grammar and usage 课中(已下线)人教版必修二Unit4课堂检测Discovering Useful Structures