1 . The Cornell system for taking notes, created by Professor Walter Pauk of Cornell University during the 1950s. It is mainly used to help students save time and make their note taking the most effective. The system consists of the following steps.
Divide your paper into two columns.
Use a large loose-leaf* notebook for your note taking. And only use one side of each leaf of paper in the notebook. Draw a vertical line two and a half inches* from the left side of your paper. This is the recall column of your notes and key words or phrases can be written in the recall column.
Take notes in the note-taking column.
All your lecture* notes will be taken to the right of this paper and try to use abbreviations. You don't need to write down the complete words or phrases, for example, just write the first letter of each word.
Think of your notes as an outline of the lecture and focus on getting just the main points down. The main points can help you to review your notes easily in the future.
Review your notes within 24 hours.
After each lecture, read through your notes and make them clearer if necessary. Now use the two-and-a-half-inch column to the left of your notes. Write down the main ideas of the lecture. You will have to reread the lecturer's ideas, think them over, and put them in your own words if you can. Cover up the right-hand part of your notes and recite* the general ideas and thoughts of the lecture from memory.
Using the Cornell system can help organize your notes, actively involve you in the creation of knowledge, improve your study skills, and lead to academic success.
1. Which part is the recall column?
A． | B． | C． | D． |
| A．useful phrases | B．correct questions | C．short forms | D．complete sentences |
①.Recite your notes.
②.Read through your notes.
③.Write down the main ideas.
④.Put your notes in your own words.
| A．③-①-④-② | B．③④②① | C．②-③-①-④ | D．②③④-① |
| A．invite us to give a lecture and share ideas |
| B．introduce us a way to take notes effectively |
| C．teach us how to use the loose-leaf notebooks |
| D．show us the ways to improve our reading skills |
The world's nights are getting surprisingly brighter. This is bad news for all kinds of creatures, including humans － as light pollution is becoming worse, taking away the darkness of night almost everywhere.
Satellite* observations* made by researchers show Earth's artificially-lit* outdoor area grew by 2% a year from 2012 to 2016. So did night time brightness. Light pollution was even worse than that, according to the German-led team, because satellites cannot observe some of the LED lighting, especially blue light.
"Honestly, I had hoped that with LEDs we were improving the situation, for this new lighting technology has been developed to use less energy. But it turns out quite disappointing. ", said Kyba, the lead author of the study.
"Asia, Africa and South America, for the most part, have seen an increase in artificial night lighting. The cities in developing nations are brightening quite rapidly. Other bright places include greenhouses in the Netherlands and areas of agriculture. More and more places are fixing outdoor lighting because of its low cost and the growth in communities' wealth," the scientists said.
One of the co-authors, Franz Holker of the Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries in Berlin, said things were already in a terrible situation.
"Many people are using light at night without really thinking about the cost," Holker said. "Not just the economic cost, but also the cost that you have to pay for environmental damage."
The effect from the increasing artificial light is obvious, according to the researchers. People's sleep can be marred, which in turn can hurt their health. The life of birds, fish, insects and bats can be harmed. Plants can have longer growing periods. And people may forget about seeing stars or the Milky Way if the light pollution continues.
Kyba and his team suggest avoiding bright lights whenever possible and using more useful ways to shine light on places such as parking lots or city streets. For example, dim, closely spaced lights can provide better visibility than bright lights that are more spread out.
1. Why is light pollution becoming worse according to the passage?| A．Because LED lighting gives off blue light. |
| B．Because there is increasing artificial lighting. |
| C．Because people can pay for the electricity bill for home. |
| D．Because scientists didn't suggest avoiding artificial lighting. |
| A．We can use bright lights in city streets. |
| B．LED lighting can help reduce light pollution. |
| C．Maybe we can't see the stars because of light pollution. |
| D．The cities in developing nations don't fix outdoor lighting. |
| A．recorded | B．controlled | C．improved | D．influenced |
| A．The Disadvantages of LEDs | B．Brighter Nights Are Dangerous |
| C．What Causes Light Pollution | D．Ways to Reduce Light Pollution |
Have you ever played crossword? It's a popular form of word puzzle. The player is given clues* and the number of letters and then fills in a grid of boxes with the right words.
The history of word puzzles might start from the ancient Rome. Today, many newspapers have a daily or weekly crossword. People also buy crossword books. Yet, the first published crossword puzzle was created by Arthur Wynne. Wynne was from Liverpool in the UK but he lived and worked for a newspaper called New York World. He wrote the first crossword puzzle for the "fun" section of the newspaper on December 21, 1913. Readers loved the puzzle and it became a weekly part of the newspaper. Then other newspapers also began publishing crossword puzzles and they became very popular in the USA.
The very first crossword puzzle didn't look much like the crosswords today. It was shaped like a diamond* and it didn't have any black squares. The squares were numbered and the clues were below the puzzle. It was called a "Word-Cross puzzle".
In the UK, the first crossword was published in 1922. It came out in the page of the London newspaper, The Times in 1930. The Times became famous for its "Cryptic crossword" － a very difficult crossword. To solve a cryptic puzzle, you have to find out the clue itself as well as the meaning, but they are very satisfying.
The crossword puzzles were at first created by hand. Only in 1997 the first computer software program that created crossword puzzles was developed.
Now the New York World is no longer around, but the crossword puzzle along with its popularity still continues.
1. Where did word puzzles first appear in history probably?| A．In Liverpool. | B．In London. | C．In New York. | D．In Rome. |
A． | B． | C． | D． |
| A．They look boring. | B．They require much effort. |
| C．They were the most difficult crosswords. | D．They became famous because of The Times. |
| A．How crosswords developed. | B．Why crosswords are played. |
| C．Where crosswords were created. | D．What people do with crosswords. |
4 . What can drones do? Their many uses include taking pictures from the sky, observing（观察）wild animals and delivering packages. Now these small flying robots are leading a new farming revolution（革命）, according to the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations.
When equipped（装备）with cameras and other data-gathering devices, drones provide us with an eye in the sky. Here are a few of the farming-related jobs drones can do.
Looking for sick crops
Drones can scan（扫描）crops using different kinds of light. Then, they produce multispectral images（多谱图像）that can help us find sickly yellow plants within fields of green. Drones can also detect bacteria（检测细菌）that are harmful to crops in the air from a few kilometers away. Farmers can check the drones’ air samples（样本）and try to find ways to protect their crops before the bacteria get to them.
Counting cattle
When flying over cattle, drones can track the livestock and find out where fences need fixing. People can also equip drones with thermal imagers（热像仪）and night-vision cameras. This can help farmers look for animals that could harm their cattle.
Water watch
Most fields aren’t perfectly flat（平坦的）. After watering, some places may dry out faster than others. Other spots might not get water at all. Drones can scan the field and make a 3-D map. Using the map, farmers can figure out which parts of a field are dry or need improvement.
Spraying pesticide（喷洒农药）
Different parts of a field might be uneven or have different altitudes（高度）. Drones can check for this when flying above the land. Then, they change their height and therefore spray the correct amount of pesticide over each part of the field. This is more efficient than traditional pesticide spraying. Drones can finish spraying a field up to five times faster than with traditional machinery, according to a study from MIT.
1. What can drones do to help farmers with their farming?| A．Take pictures. | B．Look at wild animals. | C．Deliver packages. | D．Look for sick crops. |
| A．Wooden fences. | B．Air samples. | C．Night-vision cameras. | D．3-D printers. |
| A．不肥沃的 | B．不相连的 | C．不平衡的 | D．不平坦的 |
| A．Drones can’t detect bacteria unless crops are sick. |
| B．Drones can fight dangerous animals. |
| C．Drones can help farmers make sure fields are properly watered. |
| D．Drones are better at spraying pesticide over flat land. |
5 . What are the best inventions this year? You can find some amazing things on the list in Times magazine.
Smart mug | It’s hard to keep coffee or tea warm, especially in winter. But this smart mug from USA company Ember Technologies can solve this problem. The mug is stainless steel（不锈钢）inside and white ceramic（陶瓷）outside. There is an app for the mug that allows people to set the mug to a certain temperature between 48℃and 62℃. Then, the mug keeps your coffee or tea at that temperature for about an hour or even longer. |
Social robot  | Social robot Jibo, a robot made by US company Jibo Inc, can talk to you. With a big, round head and a big body, Jibo looks like a cartoon character. As soon as you say, “Hey, Jibo,” it dances and turns to face you. When it talks to you, it moves its head and body to communicate with you. Although it has no eyes or mouth, Jibo uses emojis（表情包）, such as a smile icon, to show feelings. All the features make it seem like a real human. Jibo can also do some easy things, like taking photos or reading the news to you. |
iPhone X  | The iPhone X is a “dream come true”. The biggest highlight is the face ID, which allows users to unlock their phone and pay for things just by looking at their smartphone. Another change is wireless charging（充电）. Instead of using a charging cable, users can simply put their phone on a wireless charging pad. Another fun feature allows users to create their own emojis. Just by looking at the screen, users can see live images of themselves. |
Drones（无人机）  | Spark is a new type of drone made by a Chinese company in Shenzhen called DJI. It helps people take photos and videos. Spark might be the smallest drone ever made. It is as big as a tin of cola. The coolest part is that users can control the drone just by using hand gestures. If you wave your hand from left or right, the drone will fly in the same direction. When you want it to land, you just put your hand out. The drone will come to you and land on your hand. This makes taking photos easier and more convenient. |
| A．Stainless steel. | B．White Ceramic. | C．An app. | D．A charging pad. |
| A．Jibo takes photos for you or reads the news to you. |
| B．Jibo shows feelings with emojis like a smile icon. |
| C．Jibo turns to face you and talks to you like a human. |
| D．Jibo communicates with you with its mouth or eyes. |
| A．The face ID. | B．Wireless charging. |
| C．The charging cable. | D．User-created emojis. |
| A．Spark drones make taking photos more convenient. |
| B．The smart mug can keep your coffee or milk warm. |
| C．Jibo is a cute robot made by US company Jibo Inc. |
| D．The iPhone X can be turned off by using the face ID. |
6 . 
Today we can do everything with apps: pay bills, order food and shop for anything. Mobile technology means we can hold the world in our hands. However, when it comes to technology and health care, opportunities and challenges come together.
Let’s start with the ways to get health care. Telemedicine can allow a patient to use technology to see the doctor online and get a diagnosis (诊断) and instructions without leaving home.
In addition, there are many patient websites. These allow for different kinds of interactions about our health needs without involving the medical team. Setting a date with doctors and reading lab results are readily achieved by technology.
A whole new age of medical care seems likely (可能的) to come in the future. But every coin has two sides. What might be on the other side of techno-health care?
Firstly, we should think about the health care experience as a whole. A usual visit to a doctor begins with a receptionist (接待员) , who can see and tell how a patient is doing, This may influence the treatment effect. It’s unlikely that a patient website will have such intuition.
Next, sharing the details of one's life requires trust, which takes time to build. This is certainly true in health care, where some of life's best and worst moments involve doctors. The human touch should not be undervalued and is unlikely to be there over the smartphone.
Lastly, test results can be difficult to understand. When someone without a medical degree sees a flagged result with no explanation on the website, there's room for all kinds of stories to form in their minds—and also great worry.
So how does medicine adapt (适应) to the new technology age? Very talented companies are working on it .There is medical equipment(设备) that can be used at home to send necessary signs and heart sounds through telemedicine . It seems likely that some companies will find a way to explain test results.
But what it will not achieve is the warmth of human interaction and touch. Patients often need someone to listen to —and care about—their journey story, which will never be realized through a human-less technology. Technology should be a tool, but depending on it totally will most certainly have unexpected effects. Let's not allow our humanity to be one of them.
1. According to the passage, how does technology help health care?| A．It encourages doctors to voice their needs on the websites |
| B．It offers the patient a convenient way to get a diagnosis |
| C．It improves relations between doctors and patients. |
| D．It provides an opportunity to build a medical team |
| A．an ability to understand | B．an interesting experience |
| C．a chance to win | D．a fair decision |
| A．Patient websites require trust from doctors. |
| B．Talented companies can give medical advice. |
| C．Flagged results may cause worry for patients. |
| D．Medical equipment collects patients’ stories. |
| A．technology can deal with unexpected effects. |
| B．telemedicine can take the place of usual health care. |
| C．it is difficult for patients to adapt to the new technology age. |
| D．techno-health care should take humanity into consideration. |
With a history of about 5,000 years, Stonehenge is one of the world wonders. It's a circle of stones of different heights. The stones used to be about 200 kilometers away. Now people still wonder how these people moved the huge stones without machines' help.
Louvre MuseumNo visit to Paris is complete without a trip to Louvre Museum, one of the largest and most famous art museums in the world. About 35,000 works of art from different centuries are on show, of which the Mona Lisa is the best-known.
Mount QomolangmaHeavy snow, cold wind and thin oxygen (氧气), Mount Qomolangma seems to say no to any climber who dreams about making it to the top of the world. Tenzing and Edmund were the earliest to arrive at the top, but they were up there for just 15 minutes before coming down.
Lake District National ParkIn the north of England lies Lake District National Park, which is very beautiful, with hills, lakes and forest. Most tourists enjoy walking around the lakes and climbing mountains. Lake District National Park is also a perfect place to paint the beautiful countryside.
1. People are still wondering how ancient people ________.| A．managed to move the stones | B．made different stones |
| C．walked 200 kilometers | D．wrote the history of machines |
| A．Stonehenge has a history of five hundred years |
| B．Lake District National Park is in the south of England |
| C．The works of art in Louvre Museum are from the same century |
| D．Tenzing and Edmund were the first to reach the top of Qomolangma |
| A．Stonehenge | B．Louvre Museum |
| C．Mount Qomolangma | D．Lake District National Park |
| A．heavy snow | B．large lakes | C．cold wind | D．thin oxygen |
| A．a diary | B．a news report | C．a travel guide | D．a poem |
8 . There are lots of great watery wonders in the world, but some are disappearing.
The Dead Sea
At 430 meters below sea level, the Dead Sea is Earth's lowest point on land. It is popular for its wonderful buoyancy*. The high salt content makes swimming more like floating.
Now the Dead Sea is actually dying. People are using water from the Jordan River, which takes water away from the Dead Sea. Since 1930, its surfing area has reduced by almost 40 percent.
Venice, Italy
With waterways instead of streets. This "Floating City" has attracted visitors for centuries. But no visit to Venice is complete without a ride on one of its famous gondolas, human powered water taxis. Water creates Venice. But water will also kill the city.
Built on soft earth, Venice has slowly been sinking for centuries. Now, with
rising sea levels caused by human activities, it's sinking faster. The city may disappear in the next 100 years.
Great Barrier Reef
Covering more than 2,300 kilometers of Australia's northeast coast, Great Barrier Reef is the world's largest reef ecosystem, and an ideal place for scuba divers*. Thousands of colorful coral and fish make homes in the blue sea water. It's like a big underwater party!
Sadly, the party might be over soon. The reef is dying. Human activities are
changing the weather. Warming ocean water kills the coral, and this causes problems up the food chain. The reef system might be gone by 2030.
1. If you swim in the Dead Sea, it’s easy to _______?| A．Float in the water . | B．Sink in the water. |
| C．Disappear in the water. | D．Kill in the water. |
| A．Water loss. | B．Sea pollution. |
| C．Warming seas. | D．Human activities. |
| A．The Dead Sea. | B．Venice. | C．Italy. | D．Great Barrier Reef |
9 . In Britain, Australia, Canada and a few other English-speaking countries, people don't stop celebrating when Christmas Day is over. They also celebrate the following day, known as Boxing Day. It is a popular day for giving additional（另外的）gifts. It has been celebrated for so long, but nobody exactly knows how it started.
Some people believe Boxing Day began in the Middle Ages. In those days: in some special places there were special collection boxes where people threw money for the poor.
The day after Christmas the boxes were opened and the money was counted. Then the money went to helping the poor in the area.
Others believe Boxing Day started about 300 years ago when some rich people had Christmas feasts (盛宴). They offered lots of food to their guests. Because many servants (仆人）were needed to make and serve the food, they could not celebrate Christmas with their families. To thank them, the rich people would put food into boxes for their servants to take home.
Now Boxing Day has become a public holiday in some countries. Some people spend the day boxing up old or unwanted things and donating（捐赠）them to the poor. Many people are active in helping service organizations(组织)like the Red Cross.
No matter how Boxing Day got its start, it's a wonderful time to donate things or give small gifts to people. By doing so, you cam make someone's holiday much happier.
1. From the first paragraph we know that Boxing Day ___________.| A．has a long history | B．is before Christmas Day |
| C．is celebrated in only three countries | D．is the day for buying gifts |
| A．unwanted things | B．food | C．old things | D．money |
| A．They took the food home. | B．They had Christmas feasts. |
| C．They made and served the food. | D．They celebrated with their families |
| A．to thank the rid people | B．to make the guests happy |
| C．to give people help or small gifts | D．to remember the old days |
| A．Christmas Day | B．Boxing Day | C．The Red Cross | D．The Middle Ages |
If you look at the top of your phone ,you'll usually see a little symbol that says 3G or 4G. The "G" stands for the "generation" of your mobile network.But these symbols will become things of the past after 5G fully arrives.
On March 30th, 2019, Shanghai vice-mayor Wu Qing made the first 5G video call on a Huawei Mate X smartphone, CGTN reported.Shanghai has also become the first city in China to start testing 5G networks.Monaco became the first country in Europe to use a next-generation 5G mobile phone network based on technology from Chinese company Huawei.
It sounds obvious, but it’s important to understand just how much faster 5G is compared to current 4G speeds. 5G will not only be many, many times faster than your existing connection, it will be greatly faster than the broadband connection you have at home.
Now, 4G takes about 100 to 200 milliseconds* to send and receive data.But 5G will get it down to 1 millisecond or less.This big change will not only make our mobile Internet faster. It can be used in many other ways as well.
For example,5G will help to make self-driving cars safer.Today's self ﹣ driving test cars have one problem ﹣ lag.When the car"sees"an obstacle*, it sends this information to a data center and receives instructions. However, it takes time to send and receive this information. With this kind of lag, the cars might crash because they don't receive instructions in time. With 5G, this lag will be greatly lowered, making the cars safer,according to CNN.
5G could also be used to power the Internet of Things (IOT). This refers to a large online network that connects all things and people.Fast Internet speeds will be the key to developing this technology. For example, with IOT under 5G, your fridge could automatically* place an order online for eggs when it finds that there are no eggs left inside.
All in all, 5G will shape every type of technology that it touches. And you won't have to wait too long for that to happen. Though we’ve seen a lot of positive progress just in the last year, we still have a long way to go before 5G is anywhere near as common as 4G is right now.
1. From Paragraph ②, we can know that _______.| A．5G is widely used in Shanghai |
| B．it took lots of efforts to test 5G |
| C．China and Monaco is working on its 5G networks |
| D．5G would make it possible to take videos |
| A．延迟 | B．迷路 | C．暂停 | D．耗电 |
| A．describe the importance of IOT |
| B．encourage people to try the new product |
| C．introduce how to use the Internet of Things |
| D．show 5G would make IOT more powerful |
| A．Can 5G Go Far？ |
| B．How is 5G Changing Our Life？ |
| C．5G is on the Way |
| D．China is Leading the World in 5G |
