1 . 空间内一点P可用三个有次序的数
来确定,其中r为原点O与点P间的距离;
为有向线段
与z轴正向的夹角;
为从正z轴来看自x轴按逆时针方向转到
所转过的角,这里M为点P在
面上的投影,这样的三个数
叫做点P的球面坐标,其中
,
,
,如图所示. 球面距离是指球面上两点之间的最短路径长度,这条路径是通过这两点的大圆上的劣弧(大圆是过球心的平面与球面相交形成的圆).
,
,求A,B间的球面距离;
(2)若
,
,记P,Q间的球面距离为d,证明:
.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cef479716723efbb3e7fdc71e1a7904c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c24095e409b025db711f14be783a406c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/abd13974aebe38eb2a1d744a01ea5aa5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/27ed74dbeba7d418a559f9c97c1df414.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/aaf3369e0ea90e8d5cf4b6b3c45c0fd8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7ee31829d0d4d5f779a957d7df8058ab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b870a01c388175a446747d5fdaa0bf4e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/363136f32811f5f8424775d6fb5a4897.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/daac76dc6806917c5d76429d503aaed2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f80a89e5af8bee9f1815f52cb1db3022.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3be4358b49a194e363f77a604bc5dff8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5cdca5d42af7a42337f5559a7d0babc1.png)
(2)若
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4ed3ae064cd66c85f3f4a21fba7a81c4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dda2a523239e2bfd6cd958533ac087ba.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a1bfcbb2c0f8bf457a33aeba31d95c8f.png)
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解题方法
2 . 球面几何在研究球体定位等问题有重要的基础作用.球面上的线是弯曲的,不存在直线,连接球面上任意两点有无数条曲线,它们长短不一,其中这两点在球面上的最短路径的长度称为两点间的球面距离.
纬线,赤道以北叫做北纬.如图1,将地球看作球体,假设地球半径为
,球心为
,北纬
的纬线所形成的圆设为圆
,且
是圆
的直径,球面被经过球心
和点
,
的平面截得的圆设为圆
,求圆
中劣弧
的长度,并判断其是否是
,
两点间的球面距离(只需判断、无需证明).
(2)如图2,点
,
在球心为
的球面上,且
不是球的直径,试问
,
两点间的球面距离所在的圆弧
是否与球心
共面?若是,写出证明过程,并求出当
,
时,
,
两点间球面距离所在的圆弧
与球心
所形成的扇形
的面积;若不是,请说明理由.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/235d495d88b8e51f89e2e4da27328025.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f6b86c22b670a8e9f3896f9e8883fbbb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/12fe32dfbd66709875c5b9f79c9496da.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7bb0628cecbfc98d390e5447d52414e8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/12fe32dfbd66709875c5b9f79c9496da.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e7c314398e26ffc7164b82946eeb4273.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3953cec61ac602ce5eb59b7912352179.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/240d929040e21e7991481149b73a79a1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e7c314398e26ffc7164b82946eeb4273.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3953cec61ac602ce5eb59b7912352179.png)
(2)如图2,点
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f919bd3dde10dbbc076f7ec5149699.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f52a58fbaf4fea03567e88a9f0f6e37e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/16d65cecaf8a3dc2953f4109c75a981e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f919bd3dde10dbbc076f7ec5149699.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c93ef48e154646ef0564de14a990c2e5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c467c10aa2eabce3af68c1213d88043b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/16d65cecaf8a3dc2953f4109c75a981e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f919bd3dde10dbbc076f7ec5149699.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6c880639a6164aa127cf38b63aebde50.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
2024·全国·模拟预测
解题方法
3 . 波兰数学大师史坦因豪斯编著的《一百个数学问题》中的第46个问题是球的堆垒问题:有无数个完全相同的球,取3个使它们两两相切放置,然后放上第4个球,使其与前3个球都相切,这样形成4个凹穴,在每个凹穴再放上一个球,则一共放了8个球,它们形成多少个凹穴?这个过程可以一直继续下去吗?若我们只考虑前8个球,设球的半径为1,其中两个球的球心之间的距离为d,则d的取值集合为( )
A.![]() | B.![]() | C.![]() | D.![]() |
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名校
解题方法
4 . 如图一:球面上的任意两个与球心不在同一条直线上的点和球心确定一个平面,该平面与球相交的图形称为球的大圆,任意两点都可以用大圆上的劣弧进行连接.过球面一点的两个大圆弧,分别在弧所在的两个半圆内作公共直径的垂线,两条垂线的夹角称为这两个弧的夹角.如图二:现给出球面上三个点,其任意两个不与球心共线,将它们两两用大圆上的劣弧连起来的封闭图形称为球面三角形.两点间的弧长定义为球面三角形的边长,两个弧的夹角定义为球面三角形的角.现设图二球面三角形
的三边长为
,
,
,三个角大小为
,
,
,球的半径为
.![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cf538440bd45e5881f2b22994560ba7a.png)
(2)①求球面三角形
的面积
(用
,
,
,
表示).
②证明:
.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7bef5239ddbb0972700ce01daf9ee7cf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0a6936d370d6a238a608ca56f87198de.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2c94bb12cee76221e13f9ef955b0aab1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/071a7e733d466949ac935b4b8ee8d183.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e170f206fdbbd834aad7580c727e2cc6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5b5858ee1ce52b251816757257a11c29.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9f435efcc7869eec21bdba1ed81dc3f5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cf538440bd45e5881f2b22994560ba7a.png)
(2)①求球面三角形
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7bef5239ddbb0972700ce01daf9ee7cf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cf231f8f86fb922df4ca0c87f044cec3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e170f206fdbbd834aad7580c727e2cc6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5b5858ee1ce52b251816757257a11c29.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9f435efcc7869eec21bdba1ed81dc3f5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4aa0df7f1e45f9de29e802c7f19a4f64.png)
②证明:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f314e3f1d6311f0476623d4e55484a3e.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
2023-04-21更新
|
386次组卷
|
4卷引用:11.1.5 旋转体-【帮课堂】(人教B版2019必修第四册)
(已下线)11.1.5 旋转体-【帮课堂】(人教B版2019必修第四册)浙江省A9协作体2022-2023学年高一下学期期中联考数学试题(已下线)13.3 空间图形的表面积和体积(分层练习)江苏省徐州市第一中学2022-2023学年高一下学期期中数学试题