1 . 阅读材料:
(一)极点与极线的代数定义;已知圆锥曲线G:
,则称点P(
,
)和直线l:
是圆锥曲线G的一对极点和极线.事实上,在圆锥曲线方程中,以
替换
,以
替换x(另一变量y也是如此),即可得到点P(
,
)对应的极线方程.特别地,对于椭圆
,与点P(
,
)对应的极线方程为
;对于双曲线
,与点P(
,
)对应的极线方程为
;对于抛物线
,与点P(
,
)对应的极线方程为
.即对于确定的圆锥曲线,每一对极点与极线是一一对应的关系.
(二)极点与极线的基本性质、定理
①当P在圆锥曲线G上时,其极线l是曲线G在点P处的切线;
②当P在G外时,其极线l是曲线G从点P所引两条切线的切点所确定的直线(即切点弦所在直线);
③当P在G内时,其极线l是曲线G过点P的割线两端点处的切线交点的轨迹.
结合阅读材料回答下面的问题:
(1)已知椭圆C:
经过点P(4,0),离心率是
,求椭圆C的方程并写出与点P对应的极线方程;
(2)已知Q是直线l:
上的一个动点,过点Q向(1)中椭圆C引两条切线,切点分别为M,N,是否存在定点T恒在直线MN上,若存在,当
时,求直线MN的方程;若不存在,请说明理由.
(一)极点与极线的代数定义;已知圆锥曲线G:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/725a9d6a7c0cd596ece7f4c888b40510.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/79b752f0f189e5d8666daea73e145dff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8112f9185c7d48b015d9cd0525616b31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ae8f8c1244657aec3fe29890c4681414.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d902a46e5e698f08b6e82c887cee9647.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9b0a89e3c30f6e4d4c5db4378b05d987.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1677a6b74dc0182296d2fb525ce564b6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/79b752f0f189e5d8666daea73e145dff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8112f9185c7d48b015d9cd0525616b31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1d7aea48c44781a844b5c19191f70f61.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/79b752f0f189e5d8666daea73e145dff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8112f9185c7d48b015d9cd0525616b31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1a9656735f55e5de465e5667ba578d4e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fc49a26cb0c64cea942bff447becfdbb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/79b752f0f189e5d8666daea73e145dff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8112f9185c7d48b015d9cd0525616b31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7555cd38f338e8758f5f73e10c08dc0a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9fc58c62444bf42a25289c45425a00f2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/79b752f0f189e5d8666daea73e145dff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8112f9185c7d48b015d9cd0525616b31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3ba380c2fbc3e6c45bb1dc28a15e219a.png)
(二)极点与极线的基本性质、定理
①当P在圆锥曲线G上时,其极线l是曲线G在点P处的切线;
②当P在G外时,其极线l是曲线G从点P所引两条切线的切点所确定的直线(即切点弦所在直线);
③当P在G内时,其极线l是曲线G过点P的割线两端点处的切线交点的轨迹.
结合阅读材料回答下面的问题:
(1)已知椭圆C:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/48da128547c4cf9745e8e4b99988a3db.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/860884c0017c8bceb5b0edff796c144f.png)
(2)已知Q是直线l:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b0bbd45a300cd506c9d2bbf8f6ac3498.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/940f1047bde206726ab05cfd6785067d.png)
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2023-02-19更新
|
1353次组卷
|
6卷引用:贵州省贵阳市普通中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末监测考试数学试题
贵州省贵阳市普通中学2022-2023学年高二上学期期末监测考试数学试题(已下线)第五篇 向量与几何 专题5 调和点列 微点4 调和点列综合训练(已下线)重难点突破18 定比点差法、齐次化、极点极线问题、蝴蝶问题(四大题型)(已下线)专题22 新高考新题型第19题新定义压轴解答题归纳(9大题型)(练习)辽宁省名校联盟2023-2024学年高二下学期4月联合考试数学试卷河南省信阳市新县高级中学2024届高三4月适应性考试数学试题
2 . 已知椭圆
,点
是椭圆中心与该椭圆一个顶点的中点,点
为椭圆与
轴正半轴的顶点,且离心率为
,过点
的直线(与
轴不重合)交椭圆
于
,
两点.
(1)求椭圆
的标准方程,并求
面积的最大值;
(2)探究直线
和直线
的斜率之积是否为定值?若是,求出这个值,若不是请说明理由;
(3)若圆
的方程为
,直线
,
分别交圆
于
,
两点,试证明:直线
恒过定点.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9a200ca2c4af794f4d1c6a5443830b5f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2fb14382e662a3afc482f89b61845bb6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d053b14c8588eee2acbbe44fc37a6886.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8d5989c84e320b504511f23eeb6e7357.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d053b14c8588eee2acbbe44fc37a6886.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a30f3a8b673cc28bd90c50cf1a35281.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac047e91852b91af639feec23a9598b2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54a5d7d3b6b63fe5c24c3907b7a8eaa3.png)
(1)求椭圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a30f3a8b673cc28bd90c50cf1a35281.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3f7ad41b36674fd6e90176ee24cdefbb.png)
(2)探究直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e69d2b798744645af88a4fa411344a83.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7785afeeaf274892253d04b4f693b367.png)
(3)若圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f240cccaf24af8a796abb95cb42be52e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e69d2b798744645af88a4fa411344a83.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7785afeeaf274892253d04b4f693b367.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dad2a36927223bd70f426ba06aea4b45.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acc290b44635265137fdf13146b6a6d9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7a5f1641947153c80b987320885a2b57.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
3 . 已知椭圆
,点
是椭圆中心与该椭圆一个顶点的中点,点
为椭圆与
轴正半轴的交点,且离心率为
,过点
的直线(与
轴不重合)交椭圆
于
,
两点.
(1)求椭圆
的标准方程;
(2)直线
和直线
的斜率之积是否为定值?若是,求出这个值,若不是请说明理由;
(3)若圆
的方程为
,直线
,
分别交圆
于
,
两点,试证明:直线
恒过定点.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a79641ca76d7d03c8828d97da8b45651.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/71885f023172807ad43f2c9a670aa960.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d053b14c8588eee2acbbe44fc37a6886.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8d5989c84e320b504511f23eeb6e7357.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d053b14c8588eee2acbbe44fc37a6886.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a30f3a8b673cc28bd90c50cf1a35281.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac047e91852b91af639feec23a9598b2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/54a5d7d3b6b63fe5c24c3907b7a8eaa3.png)
(1)求椭圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a30f3a8b673cc28bd90c50cf1a35281.png)
(2)直线
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e69d2b798744645af88a4fa411344a83.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7785afeeaf274892253d04b4f693b367.png)
(3)若圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dd38c4ce91d91eeddb919001561db145.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e69d2b798744645af88a4fa411344a83.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7785afeeaf274892253d04b4f693b367.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dad2a36927223bd70f426ba06aea4b45.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/acc290b44635265137fdf13146b6a6d9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7a5f1641947153c80b987320885a2b57.png)
您最近一年使用:0次
4 . 已知椭圆
:
的一个焦点坐标为
,离心率
.
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/1/11/8cfee5aa-52c9-4e85-92f2-25f5aca235d7.png?resizew=220)
(1)求椭圆
的方程;
(2)设
为坐标原点,椭圆
与直线
相交于两个不同的点A、B,线段AB的中点为M.若直线OM的斜率为-1,求线段AB的长;
(3)如图,设椭圆上一点R的横坐标为1(R在第一象限),过R作两条不重合直线分别与椭圆
交于P、Q两点、若直线PR与QR的倾斜角互补,求直线PQ的斜率的所有可能值组成的集合.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7dd54b9df3402ad91e2d34c40efe0c7a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1d7a999c36de5c9a9ce876a4a56fa34c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/075ba8c6fb5ef7288cd3fed425c8e69e.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/1/11/8cfee5aa-52c9-4e85-92f2-25f5aca235d7.png?resizew=220)
(1)求椭圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
(2)设
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dde8112e8eb968fd042418dd632759e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6767830cc1811f0f4ea5a008fdc7e723.png)
(3)如图,设椭圆上一点R的横坐标为1(R在第一象限),过R作两条不重合直线分别与椭圆
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c5db41a1f31d6baee7c69990811edb9f.png)
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