1 . 如图所示,一粗细均匀的细管开口向上竖直放置,管内有一段高度为 4.0cm的水银柱,水银柱下密封了一定质量的理想气体,水银柱上表面到管口的距离为2.0cm。若将细管倒置,水银柱下表面恰好位于管口处,且无水银滴落,管内气体温度与环境温度相同。已知大气压强为76cmHg,环境温度为297K。
(1) 细管倒置后,气体吸热还是放热;
(2)求细管的长度;
(3)若在倒置前,缓慢加热管内被密封的气体,直到水银柱的上表面恰好与管口平齐为止,求此时密封气体的温度。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a7b77d5f54395c0705eae3f68a818378.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fe9829733240df90d85e5349c3dc5985.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2e7c22d882c2c93717d575f8adff76d0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3f13a78a5feb056770750c6a0ebebdd2.png)
(1)抽气过程封闭气体是______(“吸热”或“放热”);
(2)抽气后,球形空腔内气体的压强是多少;
(3)完成抽气的最后时刻,手对注射器活塞的拉力是多少。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/10/9/533fc059-a8cc-4254-8560-82a013ea5589.png?resizew=190)
3 . 气压式升降椅通过汽缸上下运动来调节椅子升降,其简易结构如图乙所示。圆柱形汽缸与椅面固定在一起,总质量。固定在底座上的柱状气缸杆的横截面积
,在汽缸中封闭了长度
的理想气体。汽缸气密性、导热性能食好,忽略摩擦力,已知室内温度
,大气压强
,取重力加速度
。求:
(1)质量的人,脚悬空坐在椅面上,室温不变,稳定后椅面下降的距离;
(2)在(1)情况下人坐上去后,由于开空调室内气温缓慢降至,封闭气体的内能减少了
,该过程封闭气体对外界放出的热量
。
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3403d95ca883357ef3153b67fa512118.png)
(1)该气体在状态C时的温度是多少;
(2)该气体从状态A到状态C的过程外界对气体做的功。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/9/23/66eeac17-90f5-4279-8d84-96d0ac060ffa.png?resizew=240)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/22aa57bd256e50068ece901f7cf82bb2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bb10f418620f7be1f8c7e94fb0b7a0fb.png)
(1)判断火罐内部气体从400K降温到300K过程中释放的热量Q与
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/22aa57bd256e50068ece901f7cf82bb2.png)
(2)火罐内部降温到300K时内部压强是多少?
(3)用抽气罐拔罐时,抽出气体的质量与抽气前罐内气体质量的比值?
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6303b416a8ed328dc85b63ad82fe6912.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f881cb9071ca8fea7cef4ab8d4865589.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5dee915e2fb7b8a1f4328473f9c18ba7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3d63d424f3c646ca760cbe12ea7d1448.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/df8f9bb0d6eacf8dc263833c1b39f91b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b7092b2e953e0359983553acc79efa27.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a0ed1ec316bc54c37c4286c208f55667.png)
(1)活塞移动过程中,汽缸内的气体是吸热还是放热?
(2)当活塞与汽缸底间的距离达到
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/419e30736b699c1d75fc2be791d13077.png)
(3)当活塞与汽缸底间的距离达到
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/419e30736b699c1d75fc2be791d13077.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a0ed1ec316bc54c37c4286c208f55667.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/9/12/2fb1e66f-fb2d-4d66-b9c9-a9518bc7c2df.png?resizew=244)
(1)请分析太空笔在使用过程中,加压气体是吸热还是放热;
(2)一支新太空笔中加压气体的体积是多少?
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/9/11/07723394-5df3-4ed6-b57a-8e24c9ab69e4.png?resizew=272)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b3b87dbd5e79622e181601b641fa9f99.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/71e7704492116d4c017f8d436a81d287.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/71e7704492116d4c017f8d436a81d287.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b3b87dbd5e79622e181601b641fa9f99.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3606c4a853a6a34cb7f33bea81b15a1f.png)
(1)抽气过程中,该理想气体是吸热还是放热;
(2)一次抽气后,容器内的气体压强减小了多少?
(3)要想抽出一半质量的气体,至少要抽几次?
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1614ab7a55fbfd82e2ee901d08d7d9a1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b08fabd6628901514b1d044813e058be.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/06c2c9796dff3a463e3d129f50415b6b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3606c4a853a6a34cb7f33bea81b15a1f.png)
(1)气缸内气体膨胀时,内能如何变化?是吸热还是放热?
(2)气缸内气体压强的最大变化范围。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/8/6/245e5a6a-b80e-4782-a66e-e0ceec6a42bd.png?resizew=179)
(1)判断汽缸内气体由图(a)状态到图(b)状态的过程是吸热还是放热,并说明原因;
(2)客机在地面静止时,汽缸内封闭气体的压强p1;
(3)求高度h处大气压强,并根据图(c)估测出此时客机的飞行高度。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/10/14/7bc18229-3694-4bdc-92e8-89ab8c430ca8.png?resizew=218)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/10/14/f92b1bce-2fc3-43a2-96a2-8660fe55af75.png?resizew=313)