1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

You’ve probably seen the term extreme sports in magazines, heard about it on the evening news, and seen it     1     (advertise) in sporting goods stores. So, what exactly are extreme sports?

During the 1970s and 1980s, the term “extreme sports”     2     (use) for sports that were often dangerous and could result in injury or even death. Today, however, extreme sports also include     3     (activity) that give a feeling of adventure without     4     (necessary) putting your life in danger. For every extreme sport there is professional equipment that has been   developed     5     (protect) your body and improve your performance.

Extreme sports cover a wide     6     (vary) of activities. Some extreme sports have developed     7     a familiar activity, like mountain biking. Some extreme sports may not be well-known. Bouldering, for example, is a type of rock climbing in     8     no rope is used. It usually takes place in an area with large rocks or in climbing centers.

People have never stopped     9     (develop) new types of extreme activities. These sports are gaining     10     large audience and growing in popularity, especially among young people.

2 . Training “smart” is more important than the amount of daily practice.

Too often an athlete believes that the more he or she practices, the more proficient he/she will become.     1     It can also be harmful to achieving the desired outcome. An athlete who practices frequently and hard without an overall plan will be more likely to suffer the effects of overtraining rather than actually improving performance.     2     Yet, by developing a set of specific goals and a plan for reaching those goals, athletes can more effectively use their practice time and even reduce the time required in practice to attain their goals. Obviously, this does not mean that the martial artist can achieve rank or win tournaments with little practice.     3    

Setting performance goals is beneficial for a number of reasons.     4     When the martial artist is able to observe progress towards a goal on a daily or weekly basis, he or she is more likely to remain interested in achieving that goal. If instead, he/she engages in routine practice towards a belt rank that is six months away, it is easier to become discouraged. In addition, goal setting helps the athlete know what is expected which allows for greater attention to a particular skill that needs to be developed.     5     Finally, setting realistic, achievable goals increases the athlete’s self-confidence which is crucial to the ultimate outcome of success. Self-confidence increases because his/her attitude regarding success becomes more positive as goals are accomplished.

A．It is not always the case.

B．However, such training is ineffective.

C．It reduces boredom and increases motivation.

D．Thus, practice becomes more focused and efficient.

E．It means that the athlete does not need to waste time.

F．Firstly, it requires less patience and boosts confidence.

G．Typically, they will experience burn-out, exhaustion, and increased injuries.

3 . Improving as a runner is about more than just running all of the time.    1    In that case, you can make large improvements as a runner in a relatively short time, no matter what your sport, race, or running habits.

    2    It is common for runners to push themselves about the same amount each time, running similarly challenging runs and gradually increasing difficulty. Outstanding runners, however, alternate(交替)an easy, resting run with a very challenging one. It is during these difficult runs，when you really push yourself, that your body snakes the most significant gains.    3    Rather, it is helping rebuild and relax the muscles needed for your big runs.

Keep a relaxed but strong upper body to conserve energy efficiently. You want to keep your chin(下巴)up and your shoulders back, with loose, relaxed arm and hand muscles. Your elbows are bent at 90 degrees but swing freely. If anything, the only muscles you want to focus on keeping strong and tight are the ones in your core(核心).    4    

Use your light run to work up a light sweat. A higher body temperature ensures your muscles are loose and flexible, and your body is pumping blood effectively throughout. For everything other than easy runs, use the first five to ten minutes to build a light sweat and get your body ready for exercise.    5    Slowly pick up speed for short 10 second runs, then return to normal warm-up pace. This helps prepare your muscles for speed.

A．Don't feel like an easy day is "cheating".

B．Alternate easy and hard runs to build strength rapidly.

C．Even five minutes of walking is a good way to get started.

D．"Warming up" truly means you want to warm up your body.

E．You are to pay a little attention to details and a smart training plan.

F．That's because this will naturally help you efficiently channel energy.

G．Remember to relax your face and neck muscles instead of tensing them

4 . There have always been a lot of commonly believed but false ideas about being fat and doing exercise.Some people believe that they can't help putting on weight as they get older,while others hold that if they stop exercising,their muscles will turn into fat.Here are some more myths:

I' ll never lose weight-I come from a fat family

Wrong!While we can't change the body type we are born with,we can't blame our genes for making us fat.There's plenty of evidence that fatness runs in families, and the main reason is that they share the same habits of eating too much and exercising too little.

I am fat because I burn calories slowly

Wrong! Fatness is not caused by a slow metabolism(新陈代谢).In fact, although fat people consume more energy than slim people,they also fail to realize how much they eat!Keeping a diary can help you work out your daily food intake more accurately.

Exercise is boring

Wrong!Anything will become boring if you do it repetitively.The key is to develop a balanced and varied program that's fun as well as progressive.If you enjoy a Sunday walk,take a different route.If you do yoga,try a tai chi class.If you like swimming,set yourself a distance or time challenge.

No pain,no gain

Wrong!Exercise is not meant to hurt. Indeed, pain is your body telling you something's wrong, and continuing to exercise could lead to serious injury.You may experience mild discomfort as you begin to exercise regularly,but this is your body adapting to the positive changes in your lifestyle and the aches should disappear relatively quickly.If they don't,rest and seek medical advice.

1. What does the author think about being fat?

A．It is the family genes that make people fat.

B．People are fat because they consume too little energy.

C．A diary of exercise can prevent people from becoming fat.

D．It is the consequence of people's unbalanced lifestyle.

2. According to the author,how can we make exercise more interesting?

A．By taking varied exercise.	B．By choosing simple exercise.
C．By doing regular exercise.	D．By sticking to outdoor exercise.

3. What is the author's opinion about "No pain,no gain" in exercising?

A．Keeping fit is essentially a painful experience.

B．Exercise should be stopped if continuous pain is felt.

C．Pain in exercise is a precondition for reaching your goal.

D．Getting used to pain leads to positive changes in your body.

5 . “Tear them apart！”“Kill the fool！”“Murder the referee (裁判)！”

These are common remarks at various sporting events.Although they may sound innocent, they influence behavior in such a way as to lead to real bloodshed.Essays have been written about the way words affect us.It has been shown that words having certain connotations (含义) may cause us to react in ways quite foreign to our usual behavior.Perhaps the time has come to remove it from sports words.

The dictionary meaning of the word “opponent” is “enemy”.Thus，when a player meets an opponent，he may tend to treat that opponent as an enemy.At such times，winning is the only goal, and every action, no matter how violent or rude，may be considered reasonable.I recall an incident in a handball game when a referee refused a player’s request for a time out for a glove change because he did not consider them wet enough.The player rubbed his gloves across his wet T-shirt and then shouted，“Are they wet enough now？”I have also witnessed a player reacting to his opponent’s illegal blocking by hitting him with the ball as hard as he could.Off the court，they are good friends.It certainly gives proof of a court attitude which differs from normal behavior.

Therefore，I believe it is time we promoted the game to the level where it belongs by setting an example to the rest of the sporting world.Replacing the word “opponent” with “associate” could be an ideal way to start.The dictionary meaning of the word “associate” is “friend”；“companion”．Reflect a moment!You may soon see and possibly feel the difference in your reaction to the word “associate” rather than “opponent”．

1. Which of the following statements best expresses the author’s view?

A．Aggressive behavior in sports can have serious consequences.

B．The words people use can influence their behavior.

C．Unpleasant words in sports are often used by foreign athletes.

D．Unfair judgments by referees will lead to violence on the sports field.

2. Unkind words are spoken during games because the players______ .

A．usually receive little education	B．are usually rude and easily annoyed
C．cannot afford to be polite in a match	D．treat their opponents as enemies

3. What did the handball player do when he was not allowed a time out to change his gloves?

A．He refused to continue the game.

B．He angrily hit the referee with a ball.

C．He claimed that the referee was unfair.

D．He wet his gloves by rubbing them across his T-shirt.

4. The author hopes to have the current situation in sports improved by_______ .

A．calling on players to be polite on the court

B．raising the referee’s sense of responsibility

C．changing the attitude of players on the sports field

D．improving the relationship between players and referees

6 . Essay

DOCUMENT A RUN FOR A BETTER LIFE The sport of running offers many advantages. First, it is a great way to get in shape. It also helps relieve stress, gives you more energy, and makes you proud of what you are accomplishing. Most runners are happy with just these few items: ●A comfortable pair of running shoes that has good arch and ankle support and allows your feet to breathe properly. ●A good quality stopwatch such as Penta, ATLAS, or Life Time. ●A water bottle. If you are a beginner, try following these steps: 1. Walk slowly for 30 minutes. 2.Add short running sessions(一段时间）into your 30-minute walk. 3. Try a 30-minute run when you feel ready, but never become so breathless that you could not carry on a conversation. You will soon discover benefits from running that you will not want to give up. You will feel more relaxed and focused. Your concentration will improve and you will find that, even though you are taking 30-minute running each day from your busy schedule, you will get more done. BIBLIOGRAPHY(参考文献） 1. Mendez Libby. Medical Advantages of Exercise. San Diego: Hanley House, 2005.vii-xii. 2. Manning Lynne. Athlete's Guide to Quality Equipment. Dallas: Scanlon-Van Horn Publishers, 2006. 3. Ingrid Shopmeyer. Ingrid' Shopmeyer's Running for Beginners. New York: King Books, 2008. DOCUMENT B

1. Running can do you the following good EXCEPT that

A．you can easily pay attention to your work	B．you can free yourself from the busy daily life
C．it can bring you a sense of achievement	D．it can help you become less anxious

2. Which of the following questions is answered in the BIBLIOGRAPHY in Document A?

A．Are special running shoes needed for beginners?

B．Has Mendez Libby got over a medical problem thanks to running?

C．Is Scanlon-Van Horn Publishers located in New York?

D．Is Manning Lynne related to Ingrid Shopmeyer?

3. What double meaning does the word "count" used in Document B have?

A．to accept and add	B．to consider and matter
C．to calculate and matter	D．to calculate and plan

4. The author uses the runner in Document B to give the impression that           .

A．making a good stopwatch is a tiring task	B．time is more important to runners than to other people
C．running takes time	D．winners choose ATLAS stopwatches

7 . Now in its 84th year, the Waste Management Phoenix Open is a multifaceted experience that combines golf music and dining in the heart of the Sonoran Desert.

Hosted by the Thunderbirds, the annual tournament raises funds for youth charities and programs. As of 2019,it has raised $134 million for local non-profits including the Phoenix Children's Hospital, St.Mary's Food Bank, Homeward Bound and Save the Family. Last year's tournament accumulated $12.2 million. This year's competition features 132 golfers competing for a$7.1 million purse, which comes with a$1,278,000 first-place check.

Here’s a guide to the 84th entry.

When: Monday-Sunday,Jan.28-Feb.3.

Where: TPC Scottsdale,17020 N.Haydeen Road.

Admission: Free on Monday and Tuesday.$45 Wednesday, Thursday and Sunday;$60 Friday and Saturday. Free for attendees aged 17 and younger when accompanied by an adult.

Coors Light Birds Nest

The Phonenix Open's entertainment tent gets the party started Wednesday through Saturday evenings. It is located at the corner of 82nd Street and Bell Road. The 2019 lineup blends crowd-pleasing country, hip-hop and EDM artists; headliners are expected to take the stage at about 8:30 p.m. each night.$120 two-for-one tickets are available for purchase for Wednesday and Thursday's country show. There's a$400 VIP admission ticket with access to an exclusive area in front of the stage available Wednesday and Saturday.

1. What can we learn about this year's Waste Management Phoenix Open?

A．Its admission reaches a peak on Sunday.

B．Those aged 16 should purchase full-price tickets.

C．The funds raised is used for fighting desertification.

D．The first prize winner is awarded over one million dollars.

2. How much should a couple pay to watch Wednesday and Thursday's country show?

A．$400.

B．.$240.

C．.$120.

D．$90.

3. In which section of a newspaper may this passage appear?

A．Entertainment.

B．Sport.

C．Education.

D．Advertisement.

8 . Who do you think came up with the idea for the Paralympics (残奥会)? The man who organized the sporting events which became the Paralympics Games_______was a doctor, Ludwig Guttmann.

In his teens, Ludwig was always interested in medicine and worked as a _______in a hospital. Then he_______ from medical school and became a doctor when he was 25 years old.

Guttmann _______ a successful career for the next few years._______ , because Guttmann and his family were Jews, in Germany was becoming very _______ for them. In 1938 Guttmann _______ to the UK with his family where he continued his research _______ the best way to treat patients.

The Second World War was going on and there were a lot of soldiers_______in the fighting. Often they   __________ the use of their legs and needed __________ and help. The disabled soldiers were often __________ and angry for they couldn’t really live a normal, useful life. Guttmann used his new __________ to look after their injuries but he also tried to give them emotional strength.

Guttmann __________ taking part in sport could help a person’s body as well as their mind and began to use __________ as a treatment to help his patients. He wanted to give them back their self-respect and dignity and __________ them to take part in sports.

In 1948 the hospital held a sporting event called “The International Wheelchair Games”. By 1952 the event began to __________bigger with disabled athletes from other countries attending. By 1960 the games were called the International Stroke Mandeville Games and they were held in Rome alongside the __________ Summer Olympics. By 1968 there were 750 athletes from 29 different countries. Guttmann himself died in 1980, even__________ the games were called “Paralympics”, but there is no __________ that he is the founder and father of the Paralympics Games. It’s thanks to his hard work that we are all able to enjoy the Paralympics.

1.

A．gradually

B．eventually

C．temporarily

D．compulsorily

2.

A．doctor

B．steward

C．volunteer

D．director

3.

A．excited

B．benefited

C．suffered

D．graduated

4.

A．enjoyed

B．accepted

C．designed

D．explored

5.

A．But

B．However

C．Therefore

D．Otherwise

6.

A．ambiguous

B．difficult

C．apparent

D．diverse

7.

A．moved

B．poured

C．submitted

D．flooded

8.

A．of

B．over

C．about

D．into

9.

A．dying

B．sacrificing

C．wounded

D．destroyed

10.

A．made

B．lost

C．reduced

D．lacked

11.

A．treatment

B．movement

C．development

D．achievement

12.

A．exhausted

B．challenged

C．depressed

D．astonished

13.

A．materials

B．experiments

C．models

D．methods

14.

A．knew

B．denied

C．allowed

D．approved

15.

A．music

B．medicine

C．sport

D．magic

16.

A．forced

B．encouraged

C．allowed

D．drove

17.

A．seem

B．go

C．run

D．get

18.

A．yearly

B．local

C．independent

D．official

19.

A．before

B．after

C．until

D．since

20.

A．evidence

B．wonder

C．doubt

D．problem

9 .     1       However, whether you are on the mountains, in the waves, or on the grassland, you should be aware that your sport of choice might have great influence on the environment.

Some sports are resource-hungry. Golf, as you may know, eats up not only large areas of countryside, but also tons of water. Besides, all sorts of chemicals and huge amounts of energy are used to keep its courses（球场）in good condition.     2     For example, in the dry regions of Portugal and Spain, golf is often held responsible for serious water shortage in some local areas.

    3     Power walking is one of them that you could take up today. You don’t need any special equipment except a good pair of shoes; and you don't have to worry about resources and your purse. Simple and free, power walking can also keep you fit.     4     Experts say that 20 minutes of power walking daily can make you feel less anxious, sleep well and have better weight control.

Whatever sport you take up, you can make it greener by using environment-friendly equipment and buying products made from recycled materials. But the final goal should be “green gyms”. They are better replacements（代替物）for traditional health clubs and modern sports centers. Members of green gyms play sports outdoors, in the countryside or other open spaces.     5     And best of all, it’s free.

A．It will cost you a lot.

B．This causes major environmental effects.

C．There are many environment-friendly sports.

D．Sports can help you keep fit and get in touch with nature.

E．If you walk regularly, it will be good for your heart and bones.

F．There is no special requirement for you to start your membership.

G．More and more people are concerned about environmental protection.

10 . There have been many headlines in recent years about the potentially negative impacts sports can have on athletes’ brains. However, a study by Northwestern University (NU) showed that in the absence of injury, athletes across a variety of sports, including football, basketball and hockey, have healthier brains than non-athletes.

The researchers examined the brain health of 495 Northwestern student athletes and 493 citizens. They delivered speech syllables to study the participants through earbuds (耳塞) and recorded the brain’s activity with scalp electrodes (头皮电极). They analyzed the ratio of background noise to the response to sound was relative to the background noise.

Athletes have a better ability to bring down background electrical noise in their brain to better process external sounds, such as a teammate yelling or a coach calling to them from the sidelines.

“No one would argue against the fact that sports lead to better physical fitness, but we don’t always connect brain fitness with sports,” said Senior author and profess Nina Kraus. He likens (比喻) the phenomenon to listening to DJ on the radio. “Think of background electrical noise in the brain like static (天电干扰) on the radio,” Kraus said. “There are two ways to hear the DJ better --- minimize the static or increase the DJ’s voice. We found that athletes’ brains use the first way to hear the ‘DJ’ better. A serious commitment to physical activity is beneficial to the nervous system, and perhaps, if you have a healthier nervous system, you may be able to better handle injury or other health problems.”

“The findings could motivate athletic interventions for those who struggle with hearing processing. In particular, playing sports may offset the excessively noisy brains often found in children from low-income area,” Kraus said.

1. What’s the findings in NU’s study?

A．The physical fitness sports bring.

B．The potential risk of sports to athletes.

C．The influence of sports on athletes’ attention.

D．The ways to help athletes avoid injuries during sports.

2. Why does Kraus mention listening to a DJ on the radio in Paragraph 4?

A．To show the static’s effects on ordinary people.

B．To prove the importance of decreasing the noise.

C．To encourage people to listen to the radio more.

D．To stress the special ability of athletes’ brains.

3. What does the underlined word “offset” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Compensate	B．Protect
C．Inspire	D．Reward

4. What is the significance of the findings?

A．Reminding athletes to listen to their teammates carefully.

B．Encouraging people with hearing problems to exercise more.

C．Motivating athletes to help others while competing.

D．Protecting those who usually get injured in sports.