1 . Although it is difficult to make direct year-to-year comparisons because of increase in viewing on digital devices, the trend over the past decade is clear in numerous studies, including the Nielsen ratings. The average age of those who watch nationally televised Major League Baseball games has been _____ these years. Asked in a survey whether they _____ baseball, nearly two-thirds of those ages 18 to 36 said no.

Michael Haupert, a professor of economics at the University of Wisconsin ----la Crosse who studies baseball as a business, explains why many young people might be _____ by what to an older and more knowledgeable fan is one of the most exciting experiences in sports: a no-hitter. ” Failure is more ______ than success,” he says. ”If my students get a third of the answers right on their test, they fail. However, if a ballplayer gets a hit a third of the time, he’s often one of the _____ .” But watch an NBA game for 15 seconds, and you will likely see one team score.

It is not surprising that ______ the length of games----about three hours in recent years-----and increasing the pace of action has become a subject of discussion among those who love baseball. MLB commissioner Rob Manfred is strongly ______ of both. For the 2018 season, the league issued a set of new rules designed to do just that. Mound visits are limited. A timer countdown is designed to shorten the break between innings(局).

No one knows if any of these changes will significantly shorten games. According to MLB, the average length of a nine-inning outing this season has been three hours---about five minutes shorter than the 2017 average, itself the longest mean on record.

All of those proposed changes seem to ______ the point. I interviewed at least 100 semi-fans in their late teens and early 20s for my recent book. All considered themselves fans to some degree, though they ______   watched more than snatches—on iPads or smartphones. They told me it made no difference whether a game lasted two or three hours: they would not pay attention for _____ amount of time.

The historic May 14 Supreme Court decision allowing all states to legalize sports betting could have an impact on all this. More people will soon be able to gamble on sports while watching a game on their couch. But whether ______ gambling will attract more young people to baseball is a huge unknown. Many already gamble, both legally and illegally, on fantasy sports, but legalization will provide yet another ______ during games in real time. Will some states allow betting reports in broadcasts? Will it make the young more likely to bet on baseball than on other sports? Stay tuned.

I don’t know what will hook young people on baseball. But abandoning the game’s unique selling proposition---the timelessness that provides both suspense and great conversationhe educated fan -----is not the ______ . Baseball, Clark told me, is like a game of chess---and too many ______ - changes might turn it into something “more similar to a game of checkers.” Baseball may survive in spite of its challenges, precisely because it stands out and stands up against the short ______ spans that negatively affect every aspect of our culture, including politics and education. As Casey Stengel is reported to have said,” Never make predictions, especially about the future. ”

1.

A．arising

B．declining

C．varying

D．rising

2.

A．followed

B．abandoned

C．secured

D．played

3.

A．Held up

B．taken up

C．picked up

D．fed up

4.

A．honorable

B．common

C．acceptable

D．worthwhile

5.

A．stars

B．losers

C．hitters

D．winners

6.

A．decreasing

B．extending

C．increasing

D．balancing

7.

A．disapproving

B．capable

C．supportive

D．independent

8.

A．miss

B．reach

C．deny

D．clarify

9.

A．frequently

B．sometimes

C．rarely

D．typically

10.

A．excessive

B．specific

C．either

D．total

11.

A．risky

B．organized

C．addictive

D．easy

12.

A．distraction

B．appeal

C．pastime

D．channel

13.

A．inspiration

B．answer

C．achievement

D．recreation

14.

A．overwhelming

B．simplifying

C．sweeping

D．underlying

15.

A．information

B．time

C．memory

D．attention

2 . For more than 20 years I have been traveling the world, preferring often to spend a year or two in different countries _______ to just visit as a tourist. It has become a big part of my identity as an adult and shaped _______ I see the world and myself.

My first _______ of this amazing life was when I was 19 years old. I was _______ among a small group of   college classmates to spend a   year abroad. This was long before people could   travel the world _______ through     social media like Facebook, Instagram and Weibo. In order to see a place, you   had to   go there and _______ it   firsthand.

Living abroad can be exciting. I thought it would be _______ because I spoke the language, but I enjoyed the little differences between the British and American culture and language. For   instance, instead of _______ the       British called it “rubbish”; instead of favor they spelled it “favour”.

But there were also _______ that year too. One of my classes was called “Europe Since 1870”. In the U.S., I   would have expected an introductory history class, but in England, I was _______ o have already known the       history; now was the time to analyze it. That _______ I not only had to learn the history as I went along, but also I had to try to write a paper explaining why certain events happened as they did. I know now that I was thrown into the deep _______, in a completely different and far more challenging environment, and it was natural that I wouldn’t understand everything easily. Despite this, I don’t _______ anything about my time in London. Even _______ painful experiences, we learn to grow.

_______ the difficult times made me sad and homesick. But luckily that was not as important as the amazing experience I had getting to know people from all over the world. I met dozens of interesting people from places like France, Greece and Germany in Europe, to Rwanda. Palestine and Australia. Learning how to make friends with people from different cultures and backgrounds was really fun, and these new friends helped put a(n) _______ to     the countries they represented (代表).

As I finished the _______ year, I was torn inside about leaving London after such a life-changing experience.

I learned so much about myself as a young woman and a(n) _______. When I _______ to my college for my          final year, friends and professors saw a(n) _______ me. I had more maturity and self-awareness that I hadn’t had     before. It was just the beginning of a future of world travel and a love of different people and cultures.

1.

A．rather than

B．other than

C．less than

D．sooner than

2.

A．why

B．when

C．how

D．where

3.

A．idea

B．memory

C．decision

D．taste

4.

A．called

B．selected

C．prepared

D．recommended

5.

A．directly

B．indirectly

C．conveniently

D．deliberately

6.

A．record

B．discover

C．attend

D．experience

7.

A．better

B．easier

C．funnier

D．quicker

8.

A．garbage

B．waste

C．pollution

D．nonsense

9.

A．surprises

B．expectations

C．challenges

D．disappointments

10.

A．told

B．believed

C．determined

D．supposed

11.

A．showed

B．meant

C．explained

D．proved

12.

A．hole

B．side

C．water

D．end

13.

A．remember

B．realize

C．regret

D．recall

14.

A．over

B．beyond

C．with

D．through

15.

A．Sometimes

B．Sometime

C．Some time

D．Some times

16.

A．impression

B．personality

C．face

D．image

17.

A．off

B．academic

C．gap

D．calendar

18.

A．British

B．American

C．Australian

D．Canadian

19.

A．shifted

B．moved

C．travelled

D．returned

20.

A．new

B．happy

C．confident

D．relaxed

3 . If spending is a measure of what matters, then the people of the developing world place a high value on brains. While private spending on education has not changed much in the rich world in the past ten years, in China and India it has more than doubled. Since brainpower is the primary generator of progress, this burst of enthusiasm for investing in private education is excellent news for the world. But not everybody is delighted. Because private education increases inequality, some governments are trying to stop its advance. That’s wrong: they should welcome it, and spread its benefits more widely.

① Education used to be provided by religious institutions or entrepreneurs. But when governments, starting in Prussia in the 18th century, got into the business of nation-building, they realized they could use education to shape young minds. As state systems grew, private schooling was left to the elite and the pious(虔诚的). Now it is enjoying popularity again, for several reasons. Incomes are rising, especially among the better off, at the same time as birth rates are falling. In China the former one-child policy means that six people---two parents and four grandparents---can pour money into educating a single child.

② All over the developing world, people want more or better education than governments provide. Where cities are growing at unmanageable speed, the private education is taking up the slack. In India the private education now educates nearly half of all children, in Pakistan more than a third, and in both countries the state education is shrinking. Even where the state does pretty well, as in East Asia, richer people still want better schooling for their children than the masses get. Thus, Vietnam, which has an outstanding state-school system for a poor country, measured by its performance in the OECD’s PISA test, also has the fastest-growing private education.

③ In most ways, this is an excellent thing, because the world is getting more and better schooling.

In rich countries, once the background and ability of the children who attend private schools are taken into account, their exams results are about the same as those in the state education. But in developing countries private schools are better---and much more efficient. A study of eight Indian states found that, in terms of learning outcomes per rupee, private schools were between 1.5 times and 29 times more cost-effective than state schools.

④ They tend to sort children by income, herding richer ones towards better schools that will enhance their already superior life chances. That is one reason why many governments are troubled by their rise.

Governments are right to worry about private education’s contribution to inequality, but they are wrong to discourage its growth. Governments should instead focus on improving the public education by mimicking(模仿) the private education’s virtues. Freedom from independent management is at the root of its superior performance and greater efficiency. Governments should therefore do their best to give school principals more freedom to innovate and to fire underperforming teachers.

To spread the benefit of private schools more widely, governments should work with them, paying for education through vouchers(代金券) which children can spend in private schools. And vouchers should be limited to students in non-selective schools that do not charge top-up fees; otherwise governments will find themselves helping the better off and increasing inequality.

The world faces plenty of problems. Governments should stop behaving as though private education were one of them. It will, rather, increase the chances of finding solutions.

1. What do we know about private education?

A．More developed countries enjoy it.

B．It attracts more and more investment.

C．Public education will replace it in the future.

D．It has helped governments to remove inequality

2. What does the underlined phrase“taking up the slack” in Paragraph 3 probably mean?

A．Filling the gap.	B．Setting the place.
C．Breaking the balance.	D．Avoiding the risk.

3. Why has private education been developing rapidly in Vietnam?

A．The population in Vietnam is shrinking dramatically.

B．Its state education is worse than other developing countries.

C．Some people want better education for their children than others.

D．The government intends private education to shape young minds.

4. The sentence “But private schools also increase inequality.” can be put in .

A．①

B．②

C．③

D．④

5. What does the author advise governments to do?

A．Train school principals.	B．Sell vouchers to children.
C．learn from private education.	D．Fire underperforming teachers.

6. What’s the author’s opinion about private education?

A．Private education should be based on state education.

B．Private education should be targeted at well-off families.

C．Governments should prevent the spread of private education.

D．Governments should celebrate the popularity of private education.

4 . I used to be a very self-centered person, but in the past two years I have really changed. I have started to think about other people _________ I think about myself. I am happy that I am becoming a _________ person.

I think my _______ started when I was at Palomar College. At first, I just wanted to get my _______ and be left alone. I thought I was smarter than everyone else, so I hardly ever _______ to anyone in my classes. By the end of my first semester (学期), I was really _______ . It seemed as if everyone but me had made friends and was having fun. So I tried a(n) _______. I started asking people around me how they were doing, and if they were having trouble, I _______ to help. That was really a big _______ for me. By the end of the year, I had several new friends, and two of __________ are still my best friends today.

A bigger cause of my new _______ , however, came when I took a part-time job at a Vista Nursing Home. One old lady there who had Alzheimer’s disease became my ________ . Every time I came into her room, she was so __________ because she thought I was her daughter. Her real daughter never____________ her, so I took her place. She let me __________ that making others feel good make me feel good, too. When she died, I was _______, but I was very grateful to her.

I think I am a much ______ person today than I used to be, and I hope I will not ______these experiences. They have ________ me to care about other people more than about myself. I ________ who I am today, and I could not say that a few years ago.

1.

A．or

B．since

C．before

D．unless

2.

A．famous

B．simple

C．skilled

D．different

3.

A．education

B．career

C．tour

D．change

4.

A．interest

B．degree

C．friendship

D．homework

5.

A．talked

B．wrote

C．lied

D．reported

6.

A．careful

B．happy

C．lonely

D．curious

7.

A．game

B．defence

C．argument

D．experiment

8.

A．dared

B．offered

C．argued

D．happened

9.

A．duty

B．step

C．dream

D．problem

10.

A．us

B．which

C．them

D．whom

11.

A．luck

B．hobby

C．hope

D．attitude

12.

A．friend

B．partner

C．guide

D．guest

13.

A．happy

B．polite

C．strange

D．confident

14.

A．limited

B．answered

C．visited

D．trusted

15.

A．see

B．guess

C．look

D．explain

16.

A．useless

B．hopeless

C．homeless

D．heartbroken

17.

A．quieter

B．busier

C．better

D．richer

18.

A．face

B．forget

C．improve

D．remember

19.

A．forced

B．taught

C．ordered

D．preferred

20.

A．like

B．miss

C．wonder

D．expect

5 . Millions of Americans sit behind a computer screen, chained to their desk all day because the vast majority of stable, high-paying professions(职业) are “office jobs”. However, having a successful career does not require you to sit behind a desk and plug away at a computer all day.

In fact, there are a large number of non-desk jobs in a variety of industries that are growing and offering workers a direct path to the middle class, according to a new analysis of labor market information from CareerBuilder. While most of the highest-paying non-desk jobs are medical professions that require a doctoral or professional degree, there are 170 non-desk professions that pay $15 per hour or more, do not require a bachelor’s degree(学士学位) for a typical entry-level position, and have seen at least 6 percent job growth over the last four years.

“The US workforce has gradually changed to office-based work because of the rise of the professional service economy and productivity gains associated with information technology,” Rosemary Haefner, Vice President of Human Resources Officer at CareerBuilder, said in a statement. “But some of the healthiest areas of job growth year after year are in middle-skill professions that don’t require workers to sit in front of computer monitors and phones for 40 hours a week.”

Here are the top-paying jobs that don’t require you to work at a desk in various kinds — none of which require a four-year college degree — and their hourly salary(工资) and growth rate since 2010: professional assistants(助理) : $26.57, 14 percent; elevator repairers: $37.81, 6 percent; mechanical engineering technicians: $25.19, 10 percent; and electromechanical(电动机械的) technicians: $24.68, 8 percent.

While they tend to pay less than traditional office jobs, non-desk professions provide a variety of benefits. Haefner points to a 2014 CareerBuilder survey that discovered workers who don’t work at a desk all day are less likely to complain about their work environment and less likely to report being overweight.

1. What does the underlined phrase “plug away” in the first paragraph probably mean?

A．Turn off a switch.	B．Look for a job.
C．Keep on working	D．Give up working

2. What conclusion can we draw from the second paragraph?

A．A non-desk job may provide you with a middle-class life.

B．The last four years has seen an increase in desk jobs.

C．The college degree is the ticket to a position.

D．A non-desk job cannot offer you a secure life.

3. What is the key reason for the US workforce to change to office-based work?

A．High salary.	B．Medicine.
C．Information technology.	D．Service industries.

4. Which job has grown the fastest since 2010?

A．Elevator repairers.	B．Professional assistants.
C．Electromechanical technicians.	D．Mechanical engineering technicians.

6 . 阅读下面短文，然后按照要求写一篇150词左右的英语短文。

Peppa Pig

An upcoming film's trailer(预告片)has garnered huge attention on China's social media platforms, with many netizens dubbing the short video as the "best commercial video of 2019".

The 5-minute trailer is advertising the upcoming animated film Peppa Celebrates Chinese New Year, which revolves around the question "Who is Peppa?" and tells a touching story that highlights Chinese families.

In the beginning, a senior man named Li Yubao living in a remote rural area asked his grandson on the phone what gifts he wanted for the Spring Festival, but only heard the word "Peppa" due to the poor mobile signal. Therefore, the man begins an interesting journey to discover who Peppa is.

With the help of neighbors, the senior got closer to the answer, created a Peppa Pig model using metals and his own intuition, and surprised his grandson.

At the end of the story, the man found out Peppa was a cartoon figure and enjoyed the film with the whole family during the holiday season.

【写作内容】
1. 请用30个单词概述上文主要内容。
2. 请用120个词写出:
(1)这个广告预告片的意义?
(2)谈谈为什么老年人希望孩子常回家看看以及我们年轻人该做点什么。
【写作要求】
1. 写作过程中不能直接引用原文语句；
2. 作文中不能出现真实姓名和学校名称；
【评分标准】 内容完整，语言规范，语篇连贯，词数适当。
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

7 . The relationship between exercise and cancer has long both intrigued and puzzled oncologists and exercise physiologists.

Exercise is strongly associated with lowered risks for many types of cancer. At the same time, exercise involves biological stress, which typically leads to a short-term increase in inflammation(发炎)which can contribute to higher risks for many cancers.

Now, a new study in mice may offer some clues into the exercise-cancer paradox. It suggests that exercise may change how the immune system deals with cancer by boosting adrenaline(肾上腺素), certain immune cells and other chemicals that, together, can reduce the severity of cancer or fight it off altogether.

To try to better understand how exercise can both elevate inflammation and simultaneously protect the body against cancer, scientists at the University of Copenhagen in Denmark and other institutions decided to closely examine what happens inside mice at high risk for the disease.

So, for the new study, they began by gathering a group of adult lab mice. These animals generally like to run.

The scientists then implanted melanoma (黑素瘤) skin cancer cells into the mice before providing half of them with running wheels in their cages while the other animals remained sedentary. After four weeks, far fewer of the runners had developed full-blown melanoma than the sedentary mice and those that had been diagnosed with the disease showed fewer and smaller lesions.

They drew blood from both the exercising and sedentary animals and cells from any tumors in both groups. As expected, they found much higher levels of the hormone adrenaline in the blood of the exercising animals, especially right after they had been working out on the wheels but also at other times of the day. The body releases adrenaline in response to almost any type of stressful experience, including exercise.

They also found higher levels of interleukin-6 in the blood of the runners. This is a substance that is released by working muscles and is believed to both increase and decrease inflammation in the body, depending on where and how it goes to work.

Perhaps most important, they found much higher numbers in the bloodstreams of runners than in the sedentary mice of a type of immune cell named natural killer cells that are known to be strong cancer fighters.

So the scientists repeated their original experiment multiple times, inducing cancer while allowing some mice to run and others to sit. In some of these follow-up experiments, the scientists injected the runners with a substance that blocked the production of adrenaline and gave sedentary animals large doses of added adrenaline.

What they now found was that when running mice could not produce adrenaline, they developed cancer at the same rate as the sedentary animals, while the sedentary animals that had been injected with extra adrenaline fought off their tumors better than other sitting mice.

More remarkably, the scientists determined that adrenaline seemed to be sending biochemical signals to some of the animals’ IL-6 cells, making them physiologically more alert, so that when a tumor began to develop in the affected animal, those IL-6 cells in turn activated the natural killer cells in the bloodstream and actually directed them to the tumors, like minute guide fish.

With these results, “we show that voluntary wheel running in mice can reduce the growth of tumors, and we have identified an exercise-dependent mobilization of natural killer cells as the underlying cause of this protection,” said Pernille Hojman, a researcher at the University of Copenhagen who oversaw the new study. It perhaps provides one more incentive for us to get up and move.

1. The relationship between exercise and cancer has long puzzled oncologists and exercise physiologists because ________.

A．exercise is strongly associated with lowered risks for many types of cancer

B．exercise can both elevate inflammation for many cancers and protect the body against cancer

C．exercise may change can reduce the severity of cancer or fight it off altogether

D．exercise can increase in inflammation which can contribute to elevated risks for many cancers

2. In the first experiment, which one is the most important result the scientists found?

A．Natural killer cells are much more in the bloodstreams of runners than in the sedentary mice.

B．Levels of interleukin-6 are higher in the blood of the runners than in the sedentary mice.

C．Exercise such as running seemed to help the mice fight against the cancer.

D．Adrenaline can reduce the severity of cancer or fight it off.

3. What does the underlined word “sedentary” mean?

A．run

B．move

C．sit

D．sleep

4. In the follow-up experiments, the scientists found __________.

A．the hormone adrenaline has much higher levels in the blood of the exercising animals

B．how these elements in the runners — their increased adrenaline, IL-6, and natural killer immune cells — fight against tumor

C．interleukin-6 can both increase and decrease inflammation in the body, depending on where and how it goes to work

D．what happens inside mice at high risk for the disease that kill the immune cells

5. According to the study, we can infer the fundamental substance to fight the cancer off is ________.

A．adrenaline

B．interleukin-6

C．natural killer cells

D．genes

8 . These young men were a different kind of prisoner from those we had seen before. They were brave, hostile and aggressive they would not take orders, and shouted “Amandla！” at every opportunity. Their instinct was to confront rather than cooperate. The authorities① did not know how to handle them, and they turned the island upside down. During the Rivonia Trial, I remarked to a security policeman that if the government did not reform itself, the freedom fighters who would take our place② would some day make the authorities miss us. That day had indeed come on Robben Island.

In these young men we saw the angry revolutionary spirit of the times. I had had some warning. On a visit with Winnie a few months before, she had managed to tell me through our coded conversation that there was a rising class of discontented youths③ who were violent and Africanist in beliefs. She said they were changing the nature of the struggle and that I should be aware of them.

The new prisoners were shocked by what they considered the inhuman conditions of the island, and said that they could not understand how we could live in such a way. We told them that they should have seen the island in 1964. But they were almost as sceptical of us as they were of the authorities. They chose to ignore our calls for discipline and thought our advice weak and unassertive (不果断).

It was obvious that they regarded us, the Rivonia Trialists④, as moderates⑤. After so many years of being branded a radical revolutionary, to be seen as a moderate was a novel and not altogether pleasant feeling. I knew that I could react in one of two ways: I could scold them for their disrespect or I could listen to what they were saying. I chose the latter.

Then some of these men, such as Strini Moodley of the South African Students Organization and Saths Cooper of the Black People’s Convention, came into our section, _________.

Shortly after their arrival on the island, the commanding officer came and asked me as a favour to address the young men. He wanted me to tell them to behave themselves, to recognize the fact that they were in prison and to accept the discipline of prison life. I told him that I was not prepared to do that. Under the circumstances, they would have regarded me as a follower of the authorities.

(---adapted from “Long walk to freedom: The autobiography of Nelson Mandela”)

1. We may infer from the passage all of the following EXCEPT that ___________.

A．an angry massive revolution was probably on its way

B．these young men were willing to cooperate in face of difficulties

C．many were concerned about the influence these young men could make

D．the author’s activities were strictly monitored

2. One sentence is missing in the blank of the passage regarding the author’s following reactions.Which of the following reactions do you think he would have?

A．I tried to calm them down and talked them into behaving.

B．I reported to the officers about their dissatisfaction.

C．I asked them to tell us about their movement and beliefs.

D．I just turned a deaf ear to the young men.

3. Several phrases have been underlined and numbered in the passage; which two of them actually refer to the same people?

A．①②

B．②③

C．③④

D．⑤①

9 . The traditional news media in America has been having a rough time in the last few years. According to a recent survey, more Americans have a negative (43%) than a positive (33%) view of the news media, and are finding it harder to be well informed because it is getting harder to determine which news is accurate.

The problem is preference. While ideally the media should be objective and hold power to account, in reality we know that most news outlets belong to a certain party and have their own agenda to advance. Whether state-owned or run by some shady tax-avoiding billionaire, getting “the masses” to view the world from a certain perspective has always been a priceless power to wield.

So why is trust in the media so low? Well, according to the same survey, 8 out of 10 Americans believe that the news media are critical to their democracy. The gap between these noble expectations of an honest, objective media and the performance that they actually deliver is large. Times when the mask slips and examples of media manipulation(操纵)are exposed are hugely damaging to trust, and people naturally turn to social media for others, even-easier-to-manipulate sources. Thus we are in the current state in which we find ourselves:confused and mistrustful.

People have been posting examples of how media can use different techniques of deception, to trick you into seeing exactly what they wanted you to see. As you will discover, perspective really is everything! It will goes to show that a healthy dose of skepticism goes a long way, and getting your news from a wide range of different sources is your best bet to a more rounded view of the world we live in. Social media is good in that respect, but bad in terms of regulation, trolling and people shouting horrible things at each other. The good old traditional news media really is needed as a forum for reasonable debate and expert opinion, but they gotta stop with the manipulation already!

1. What does para2 want to convey?

A．People have prejudice for media

B．The media can take control of the party

C．The media have acted as a tool to mask the truth

D．The media have a priceless power

2. What’s your understanding of the sentence “As you will discover, perspective really is everything!”?

A．People should not have faith in what the media says because some news are not true.

B．People should not be too curious about things around

C．People should refer to social media rather than traditional media if wanting to know the truth of news.

D．The spirit of suspect and diverse sources are good ways to help people recognize the truth of the world.

3. What’ s the structure of the passage?

A．①→②③→④	B．①→②③④
C．①②③→④	D．①②→③→④

4. What’ the best title for the passage?

A．Where’s trust in the media.

B．Why people’s trust in the media falls.

C．How people treat trust in the media.

D．What’ s trust in the media

10 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What is true about the factory tour?

A．Tourists can visit the factory anytime.

B．It is sponsored by the car company.

C．It is only good for the company.

2. What will the man do next?

A．Make a phone call to get some information.

B．Book tickets to go home.

C．Go to the factory to make an appointment.