1 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

In the age of the smart phone, there seems no reason to ask questions about: the weather forecast, a business’s phone number or directions, which can all be    1     (easy) found on Google, but very often people actually ask these things by    2     (make) a call. Your answer may be replied to with a thank-you e-mail.

This isn’t the first time that great changes     3     (take) place in our manners due to technology. In    4    late 1870s, when the telephone     5     (invent), people didn’t know how     6     (greet) a caller. Often there is just     7     (silent). Alexander Graham Bell, the inventor, suggested that people     8     (say) “Ahoy”, but finally “Hello” went out, the greeting used in everyday face-to-face communications now.

Try to be respectful no matter     9    you communicate with. Just keep    10    mind that politeness never goes out of fashion.

4 . GENETIC testing cannot tell teachers anything useful about an individual pupil’s educational achievement. That is the conclusion of a study that looked at how well so-called polygenic scores for education predict a person’s educational achievements, based on a long-term study of thousands of people in the UK. “Some people with a very low genetic score are very high performers at age 16. Some are even in the top 3 percent,” says Tim Morris at the University of Bristol, UK.

And while Morris expects the accuracy of polygenic scores for educational achievements to improve, he doesn’t think they will ever be good enough to predict how well an individual will do. Even relatively simple qualities such as height are influenced by thousands of genetic variants, each of which may only have a tiny effect. It has been claimed that polygenic scores can be used to make useful predictions, such as a person’s likelihood of developing various diseases. One company is even offering embryo screening (screening of an unborn baby in the very stages of development) based on polygenic scores for disease risk.

Some researchers — notably Robert Plomin of King’s College London — think that schools should start using polygenic scores for educational achievement. In most cases, the scores may reflect qualities such as persistence as well as intelligence.

To assess the usefulness of polygenic scores in education, Morris and his colleagues calculated them for 8,000 people in Bristol who are part of a long-term study known as the Children of the 90s. The participants’ genomes have been queued and their academic results are available to researchers. Among other things, the team found a correlation of 0.4 between a person’s polygenic score and their exam results at age 16. But there would need to be a correlation of at least 0.8 to make useful predictions about individuals, says Morris. Plomin, however, argues that the results support his opinion. “A correlation of 0.4 makes it the strongest polygenic predictor in the behavioural sciences,” says Plomin. “It’s so much stronger than a lot of other things we base decisions on. So it’s a very big finding.”

Morris says schools already have access to other predictors that are more accurate, such as a pupil’s earlier test results. Looking at parents’ educational achievements is also a better predictor of a pupil’s academic results than studying their genome, his results show. Providing teachers with an extra predictor based on genetics would just confuse matters, says Morris, and the cost cannot be justified.

1. In paragraph 2, Morris talks about “height” in order to tell readers that________.

A．some qualities are hardly affected by any genetic variants

B．some qualities are influenced by thousands of genetic variants

C．genetic scores are useful in predicting one’s potential diseases

D．genetic scores can help children improve their scores at school

2. How did Morris prove the effect of polygenetic scores in education?

A．By providing opposite examples.

B．By explaining how the genome works.

C．By listing findings from another scientist.

D．By presenting facts and data from research.

3. According to Plomin, a correlation of 0.4 is reliable because it is ________.

A．useful in telling you how intelligent and persistent children are

B．useful in predicting people who might struggle academically

C．stronger compared to other factors in behavioural sciences

D．strongly correlated to children’s academic achievements

5 . 阅读下面材料, 根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段, 使之构成一篇完整的短文。

Chuck and his elder brother Peter lived with their dad Kyle and their grandfather Stan. One evening, Chuck and Peter asked their grandfather about the number one activity on his bucket list(人生愿望清单). “I was going to rebuild my dad’s farmhouse and maintain it. It’s a shame I could never do it, ” he sighed. Stan worked hard as a car mechanic, but his earnings were never enough to maintain such a huge farm.

Months passed and there was no mention of the farm again. Stan and Kyle continued working in their car repair shop, while Chuck and Peter worked downtown. On Stan’s 75th birthday, Chuck and Peter decided to give him a surprise.

“Grandpa, ”Chuck started, “this year we decided not to give you a cake for your birthday. ”“Ah, wait and see, Grandpa. I think you’re going to like this a lot better than a chocolate cake, ”Peter added.

At that moment, Peter excitedly brought out his laptop and flashed a 3 D model of a modern farmhouse. Kyle and Stan stared at the computer screen. “What are we looking at?”Stan asked his grandsons. “We know how much your dad valued his farm and how much you wanted to honor him by maintaining it. Chuck and I raised money to fix the farmhouse and the farm, ” Peter said with a smile.

Stan covered his mouth with his hand. Tears instantly streamed down his face. “You’d do that for me?” he cried. “Grandpa, you’re the best grandfather on earth, ” Chuck told him. “We do absolutely anything for you. There’s nothing else you need to say but to assure us that you’ll help us rebuild the farm, Grandpa! You too, Dad!”

Kyle and Stan nodded their heads. “Absolutely. When we’re done, I’ll throw a barbecue party! My dad said that if I ever get to maintain the farm, we should throw a barbecue party, ” Stan said excitedly.

注意：
(1)续写词数应为 120左右；
(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。

Every day after that, Chuck and Peter set out to work on the farmhouse.

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That Sunday, they decided to host a barbecue party and invite their neighbors.

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8 . Mark Twain, a great writer and speaker, was famous for his humor. Many people liked to listen to him talk because he liked to tell some interesting stories to make people laugh all the time.   

One day Mark Twain was going to a small town because of his writing. Before he was going to leave, one of his friends said to him that there were always a lot of mosquitoes (蚊子) in the town and told him that he’d better not go there. Waving his hand, Mark Twain said, “It doesn’t matter. The mosquitoes are no relatives of mine. I don’t think they will visit me.”

After he arrived at the town, Mark Twain stayed in a small hotel near the station. He went into his room, but when he was just about to have a rest, quite a few mosquitoes flew about him. The waiters felt very sorry about that. “I’m very sorry, Mr. Twain. There are too many mosquitoes in our town.” One of them said to him.

Mark Twain, however, made a joke, saying to the waiter, “The mosquitoes are very clever. They know my room number. They didn’t come into the wrong room.” What he said made all the people present laugh heartily.

But that night Mark Twain slept well. Do you know why? That was because all the waiters in the hotel were driving the mosquitoes away for him during the whole night.

1. Why did Mark Twain’s friend warn him not to go to the town?

A．Because it was not a safe place.

B．Because there were no relatives of Mark Twain.

C．Because there were a lot of mosquitoes there.

D．Because he wanted to do something there for his writing.

2. What did the waiters feel sorry for?

A．Many mosquitoes in Mark’s room.

B．Their small hotel.

C．The room not being very clean.

D．The lock of the door going wrong.

3. All the people present laughed heartily because __________.

A．the mosquitoes were very clever without coming into the wrong room

B．the mosquitoes knew Mark Twain’s room number

C．Mark Twain gave the waiters some nice presents

D．Mark Twain made a joke

4. What can we learn from the story?

A．Mark was well looked after in the hotel.

B．No mosquitoes troubled Mark in the night.

C．Mark didn’t have a good sleep that night.

D．There were not mosquitoes in the hotel any longer.