“That would support at least two years of research for our team down in Mexico,” Warren said. “Money goes a long way down here in Mexico.”
According to the scientific tradition, discoverers of a new species have the say in naming it. In recent years, some discoverers have auctioned off their naming rights to raise money.
Warren said the amount being sought for the butterfly is not out of the question, noting that naming rights for a new monkey species brought in $650,000 two years ago. A group of 10 new fish species that went on the naming auction block at the same time earlier this year brought in a total of $2 million.
The butterfly discovered by Warren and researcher George Austin ranges as far north as Mexico.
The butterfly was actually in a collection, misidentified as an example of another new species, at the McGuire Center for Lepidoptera and Biodiversity at the Florida Museum of National History in Gainesville, said Warren. They soon began the hard process of determining that it was indeed a “new” model of butterfly.
After checking photos and comparing it with other known species, they determined it was a separate species.
1. Where did the researchers discover the new species of butterflies?
| A．In Sonora. | B．In Mexico state. |
| C．In a place in US. | D．Near the US-Mexico border. |
| A．To raise money for wildlife protection. |
| B．To raise money for more research. |
| C．To cause people’s attention to the new discovery. |
| D．To cover the cost of the research. |
| A．it was a new species at once |
| B．it wasn’t a species of American butterfly |
| C．it belonged to the monarch branches |
| D．it belonged to a new species |
| A．the new species of butterfly live both in the US and Mexico |
| B．it took the researchers a lot of efforts to determine the new species of butterfly |
| C．the researchers are not sure whether they can get the money they want from the auction |
| D．it is the first time that the new species of butterfly has been found |
2 . Clara Barton, born on Christmas in 1821, is widely known as one of the most honored women in American history. She began teaching school when most teachers were men at that time. Later, she became one of the first women ever to be employed by the government.
Her career in helping the sick began when her brother David became her first patient. He fell down from the roof of a house when Clara was just 11 years old. She stayed by his side and looked after him for three years, learning how to give him all his medicines.
When the Civil War began in 1861, she immediately recognized that the poorly equipped soldiers needed help. Instead of waiting for others to step in, Clara collected necessary things on her own, asked the public for donations and learned how to store and distribute them to soldiers. She also read to the soldiers and wrote letters for them.
After the Battle of Cedar Mountain in northern Virginia in 1862, Clara arrived at a field hospital at midnight with a vehicle full of supplies. A doctor named Paul Smith at that hospital would later write, “I thought heaven had sent out an angel that night — her assistance arrived at exactly the right time.”
In 1869, Clara went to Europe and learned about the International Committee of the Red Cross. Upon her return to the United States, she successfully founded the American Red Cross. She led the organization for the next 23 years. Her last field mission (使命) as president of the American Red Cross was to help the victims of the 1900 Galveston hurricane. She did not retire (退休) from the American Red Cross until she was 83. True to her nature, Clara always went to where the need was the greatest.
Today, the American Red Cross continues the mission Clara started more than 100 years ago. With the help of thousands of volunteers, the American Red Cross provides relief to victims of disasters, as well as helps people prevent, prepare for and respond to all sorts of emergencies.
1. We can learn from Paragraph 2 that Clara Barton was .| A．honest | B．caring |
| C．talented | D．modest |
| A．joined the army and fought bravely | B．went to Europe for further study |
| C．continued to work as a teacher | D．did a lot to help soldiers |
| A．excited and grateful | B．proud and joyful |
| C．shy and nervous | D．sad and sorry |
| A．The aim of the American Red Cross. |
| B．The importance of voluntary donations. |
| C．Clara Barton and the American Red Cross. |
| D．Clara Barton’s contribution to the Civil War. |
3 . A new collection of photos brings an unsuccessful Antarctic voyage back to life.
Frank Hurley's pictures would be outstanding—undoubtedly firstrate photojournalism—if they had been made last week.In fact，they were shot from 1914 through 1916, most of them after a disastrous shipwreck(海难), by a cameraman who had no reasonable expectation of survival.Many of the images were stored in an ice chest, under freezing water, in the damaged wooden ship.
The ship was the Endurance, a small, tight, Norwegianbuilt threemaster that was intended to take Sir Ernest Shackleton and a small crew of seamen and scientists, 27 men in all，to the southernmost shore of Antarctica's Weddell Sea.From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled (雪橇) across the continent.The journey was intended to achieve more than what Captain Robert Falcon Scott had done.Captain Scott had reached the South Pole early in 1912 but had died with his four companions on the march back.
As writer Caroline Alexander makes clear in her forceful and wellresearched story The Endurance, adventuring was even then a thoroughly commercial effort.Scott's last journey，completed as he lay in a tent dying of cold and hunger, caught the world's imagination, and a film made in his honor drew crowds.Shackleton, a onetime British merchantnavy officer who had got to within 100 miles of the South Pole in 1908, started a business before his 1914 voyage to make money from movie and still photography.Frank Hurley, a confident and gifted Australian photographer who knew the Antarctic，was hired to make the images, most of which have never before been published.
1. What do we know about the photos taken by Hurley?| A．They were made last week. |
| B．They showed undersea sceneries. |
| C．They were found by a cameraman. |
| D．They recorded a disastrous adventure. |
| A．Frank Hurley. |
| B．Ernest Shackleton. |
| C．Robert Falcon Scott. |
| D．Caroline Alexander. |
| A．Artistic creation. | B．Scientific research. |
| C．Money making. | D．Treasure hunting. |
Direction：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.
“Is it good?” I asked her.
“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.
“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:
She never puts her toys away,
The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:
And I’ll be sad.
A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.
“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.
To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.
“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.
“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”
She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”
“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.
I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.
1. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?
| A．It was a thick enough book. |
| B．Something on its cover caught her eye. |
| C．Her mother was reading it with interest. |
| D．It has a meaningful title. |
| A．sad | B．excited |
| C．horrified | D．confused |
| A．it reflected her own childhood |
| B．it was written in simple language |
| C．it was composed by a famous poet |
| D．it gave her a hint of what would happen |
| A．discover the power of poetry |
| B．recognize her love for puzzles |
| C．find her eagerness to grow up |
| D．experience great homesickness |
5 . A warm drink of milk before bed has long been the best choice for those wanting a good night’s sleep. But now a study has found it really does help people nod off（打瞌睡）—if it is milked from a cow at night.
Researchers have discovered that “night milk” contains more melatonin(褪黑激素), which has been proven to help people feel sleepy and reduce anxiety（焦虑）.The study, by researchers from Seoul, South Korea, involved mice being fed with dried milk powder（奶粉） made from cows milked both during the day and at night. Those given night milk, which contained 10 times the amount of melatonin, were less active and less anxious than those fed with the milk collected during daytime, according to the study published in The Journal of Medicinal Food.
Night milk quickened the start of sleep and caused the mice to sleep longer.
While the effect of cow milk harvested at different time has not been tested on humans up to now, taking melatonin drugs has been suggested to those who have trouble falling asleep at night.
Previous （以前的）studies have also showed that milk can be excellent for helping sleep because of the calcium content, which helps people to relax.
1. According to the text, the mice fed with daytime milk_______.| A．started sleep more easily | B．were more anxious |
| C．were less active | D．woke up later |
| A．It’s been tested on mice for ten years. |
| B．It can make people more energetic. |
| C．It exists in milk in great amount. |
| D．It’s used in sleeping drugs. |
| A．Night Milk and Sleep | B．Fat Sugar and Health |
| C．An Experiment on Mice | D．Milk Drinking and Health |
| A．By giving examples. |
| B．By stating arguments. |
| C．By explaining statistical data. |
| D．By providing research results. |
6 . In the depths of the French Guianese rainforest, there still remain unusual groups of indigenous(土著的) people. Surprisingly, these people live largely by their own laws and their own social customs. And yet, people in this area are in fact French citizens because it has been a colony of the French Republic since 1946. In theory, they should live by the French law. However, their remote locations mean that the French law is often ignored or unknown, thus making them into an interesting area of “lawlessness” in the world.
The lives of these people have finally been recorded thanks to the effects of a Frenchman from Paris called Gin. Gin spent five months in early 2015 exploring the most remote corners of this area, which sits on the edge of the Amazon rainforest, with half its population of only 250,000 living in its capital, Cayenne.
“I have a special love for the French Guianese people. I have worked there on and off for almost ten years,” says Gin. “I’ve been able to keep firm friendships with them. Thus I have been allowed to gain access to their living environment. I don’t see it as a lawless land. But rather I see it as an area of freedom.”
“I wanted to show the audience a photographic record touching upon the uncivilized life,” continues Gin. “I prefer to work in black and white, which allows me to show different specific worlds more clearly.”
His black-and-white pictures present a world almost lost in time. These pictures show people seemingly pushed into a world that they were unprepared for. These local citizens now have to balance their traditional self-supporting hunting lifestyle with the lifestyle offered by the modern French Republic,which brings with it not only necessary state welfare, but also alcoholism, betrayal and even suicide.
1. Why does the author feel surprised about the indigenous people in French Guiana?| A．They seldom follow the French law. |
| B．They often ignore the Cuianese law. |
| C．They are separated the modern world. |
| D．They are both Cuianese and French citizens. |
| A．a tour guide | B．a geographer |
| C．a film director | D．a photographer |
| A．Cautious. | B．Doubtful. |
| C．Uninterested | D．Apprecitive. |
| A．The modera Frrnch lifestyle. | B．The self-supporting hunting. |
| C．The uncivilized world. | D．The French Republic. |
7 . Basketball Statistician Help Wanted
The Athletic Department is looking for students to help assist staff during the Fall 2016, Winter 2016-17 and Spring 2017 semesters. Students in this position will be keeping live statistics during basketball games. Students must meet all of the following requirements:
•Good computer skills
•Available evenings and weekends
•Knowing basketball rules and statistics
Students interested in working for the Athletic Department should contact the Athletic Coordinator at their respective(各自的) campuses.
•TP/SS Athletic Coordinator, Michael Simone, 240-567-1308
•Rockville Athletic Coordinator, Jorge Zuniga, 240-567-7589
•Springfield Athletic Coordinator, Gary Miller, 240-567-2273
•Germantown Athletic Coordinator, Gauri Chavan, 240-567-6915
1. When will the job start?| A．In May 2016. | B．In May 2017. |
| C．In September 2016. | D．In September 2017. |
| A．Sam, English major, member of the college basketball team. |
| B．Judy, IT staff with night classes, children’s basketball team coach. |
| C．Ted, computer major, basketball fan, free on evenings and weekends. |
| D．Molly, part-time programmer, high school basketball player, new mother. |
| A．Michael. | B．Jorge. |
| C．Gauri. | D．Gary. |
8 . The Science of Risk-Seeking
Sometimes we decide that a little unnecessary danger is worth it because when we weigh the risk and the reward, the risk seems worth taking.
The reason why any of us take any risks at all might have to do with early humans. Risk-takers were better at hunting, fighting, or exploring.
So why aren’t we all jumping out of airplanes then? Well, even 200,000 years ago, too much risk-taking could get one killed. A few daring survived, though, along with a few stay-in-the-cave types. As a result, humans developed a range of character types that still exists today. So maybe you love car racing, or maybe you hate it.
No matter where you are on the risk-seeking range, scientists say that your willingness to take risks increases during your teenage years.
As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we’ll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.
| A．It all depends on your character. |
| B．Those are the risks you should jump to take. |
| C．Being better at those things meant a greater chance of survival. |
| D．Thus, these well-equipped people survived because they were the fittest. |
| E．This is when you start to move away from your family and into the bigger world. |
| F．However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards. |
| G．New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation. |
9 . Secret codes (密码) keep messages private. Banks, companies, and government agencies use secret codes in doing business, especially when information is sent by computer.
People have used secret codes for thousands of years.
There are three main types of cryptography.
A code uses symbols to replace words, phrases, or sentences. To read the message of a real code, you must have a code book.
| A．It is very hard to break a code without the code book. |
| B．In any language, some letters are used more than others. |
| C．Only people who know the keyword can read the message. |
| D．As long as there have been codes, people have tried to break them. |
| E．You can hide a message by having the first letters of each word spell it out. |
| F．With a code book, you might write down words that would stand for other words. |
| G．Another way to hide a message is to use symbols to stand for specific letters of the alphabet. |
When Pasteur was a young boy in France, he spent many hours every day with the chemist (药剂师) who lived in his small town. At that time, the chemist had to make all the medicines himself. Young Louis enjoyed watching the chemist as he worked and helped those people who came to him each day.
As a school boy, Pasteur worked slowly and carefully. At first, his teachers thought that young Louis might be a slow learner. Through elementary school, high school, and college, Pasteur worked in the same thoughtful way. Then he became a college professor and a scientist , and he continued to work very carefully.
Pasteur was studying about the germs(细菌)that cause rabies when Joseph Meister became ill.In fact, Pasteur believed he had a medical treatment for rabies, but he had never given it to a person before. At first, Pasteur was afraid to treat Joseph, but the poor child was dying. Pasteur gave Joseph an inoculation(预防接种)every day for ten days. Slowly, the child became better.
During his lifetime, Pasteur studied germs and learned how they cause diseases in animals and people. He developed vaccinations(疫苗)that prevent many of these diseases. On September 28,1895, Louis Pasteur passed away, at the age of 72. The work of this great man has been of great help to modern medicine.
1. The story of Joseph Meister is given to __________.
| A．express the author’s sadness |
| B．introduce the subject of the text |
| C．show some common diseases in 1885 |
| D．warn children to stay away from dogs |
| A．was once badly hurt by a dog |
| B．was very interested in medicine |
| C．made a living by working for a chemist |
| D．had been thought of by his teachers |
| A．was always patient | B．was clever but proud |
| C．was a slow learner | D．was a humorous professor |
| A．Germs and diseases |
| B．Rabies: a terrible disease |
| C．The earliest chemist in France |
| D．Louis Pasteur: a great scientist |
