1 . Gone are the days when a mother’s place was in the home: in Britain women with children are now as likely to be in paid work as their unburdened sisters. Many put their little darlings in day care long before they start school. Mindful that a poor start can spoil a person’s chances of success later in life, the state has intervened ever more closely in how babies and toddlers are looked after. Inspectors call not only at nurseries but also at homes where youngsters are minded; three-year-olds follow the national curriculum. Child care has increasingly become a profession.
For years after the government first began in 2001 to twist the arms of anyone who looked after an unrelated child to register with the schools, the numbers so doing fell. Kind but clueless neighbours stopped looking after little ones, who were instead herded into formal nurseries or handed over to one of the ever-fewer registered child-minders. The decline in the number of people taking in children now appears to have halted. According to data released by the Office for Standards in Education on October 27th, the number of registered child-minders reached its lowest point in September 2010 and has since recovered slightly.
The new lot are certainly better qualified. In 2010 fully 82% of nursery workers held diplomas notionally equivalent to A-levels, the university-entrance exams taken mostly by 18-year-olds, up from 56% seven years earlier, says Anand Shukla of the Daycare Trust, a charity. Nurseries staffed by university graduates tend to be rated highest by inspectors, increasing their appeal to the pickiest parents. As a result, more graduates are being recruited.
But professionalization has also pushed up the price of child care, defying even the economic depression. A survey by the Daycare Trust finds that a full-time nursery place in England for a child aged under two, who must be intensively supervised, costs £194 ($310) per week, on average. Prices in London and the south-east are far higher. Parents in Britain spend more on child care than anywhere else in the world, according to the OECD, a think-tank. Some 68% of a typical second earner's net income is spent on freeing her to work, compared with an OECD average of 52%.
The price of child care is not only eye-watering, but has also become a barrier to work. Soon after it took power the coalition government pledged to ensure that people are better off in work than on benefits, but a recent survey by Save the Children, a charity, found that the high cost of day care prevented a quarter of low-paid workers from returning to their jobs once they had started a family. The government pays for free part-time nursery places for three-and four-year-olds, and contributes towards day-care costs for younger children from poor areas. Alas, extending such an aid during stressful economic times would appear to be anything but child’s play.
1. Which of the following is true according to the first paragraph?A.Nursery education plays a leading role in one’s personal growth. |
B.Pregnant women have to work to lighten families’ economic burden. |
C.Children in nursery have to take uniform nation courses. |
D.The supervision of the state makes child care professional. |
A.the registered child-minders are required to take the university-entrance exams |
B.the number of registered child-minders has been declining since 2001 |
C.anyone who looks after children at home must register with the schools |
D.the growing recognition encourages more graduates to work as child-minders |
A.prevents mothers from getting employed |
B.may further depress the national economy |
C.makes many families live on benefits |
D.is far more than parents can afford |
A.Objective. | B.Skeptical. | C.Supportive. | D.Biased. |
A.The professionalization of child care has pushed up its price. |
B.The high cost of child nursing makes many mothers give up their jobs. |
C.The employment of more graduates makes nurseries more popular. |
D.Parents in Britain pay most for child nursing throughout the world. |
A. advocates B. inevitable C. invest D. movement E. placed F. pointless G. present H. pressure I. progress J. recruiting K. through |
Bright Future for Girls
Worldwide, 130 million girls are out of school. At the United Nations two years ago, leaders promised to ensure every girl receives 12 years of education by 2030, but contributions from donor countries have declined. Some days are hard—but I refuse to believe the world will always be as it is;
At the Malala Fund, we are investing in educators in developing countries. These
I believe in girls like Najlaa, who are leading the fight for themselves and their sisters. I believe in the millions of people who support our
3 . An interesting question in humankind’s development is, when did we begin to think critically? In other words, when did we turn from animals focused only on the daily struggle to avoid starvation to humans who could think symbolically about the word around us? However, answering this question is not easy as thinking leaves no fossils to discover.
A commonsense assumption is that higher levels of thought go hand-in-hand with verbal language, because higher thinking, such as creative thought, would naturally seek a means of expression. So tracing the development of language could give an approximate idea of when humans began to think critically.
Interestingly, we do have some fossil evidence related to speech. Animals whose larynx (voice box) is placed high in their throats are unable to produce the variety of sounds necessary for speech. Fossil bones tell us that in early humans, the larynx was originally high in the throat. However, by about 200,000 years ago, it had moved lower in the throat. This lowering provided a larger sound chamber (the space in the throat and the mouth) in which passing air could be controlled by the tongue, making a wide range of sounds and rhythms possible.
So humans were physically able to speak around 200,000 years ago, but when did they actually start doing so? Estimates range from 35,000 to 100,000 years ago. But with no physical evidence of ancient language use, we need another approach to determine more precisely when humans began to speak - and to think critically.
Professor Richard Klein of Stanford University suggests that art may be the key. After all, ability to create or appreciate art is a uniquely human train. If ancient humans had the imagination to create a work of art (which in itself is a means of communication), then it seems highly likely that they would possess the primary means of communication: language. This suggests that the first works of art can be considered indicators of when language and critical though began.
Until recently the earliest art was believed to be cave paintings, carved figures, and jewelry found in southwestern Europe and thought to data from about 40,000 years ago. This suggested that humans first became capable of critical thought about 40,000 years ago. However, this time frame was recently overturned by an exciting discovery in South Africa. Anthropologist Christ Henshilwood spent more than ten years exploring a cave there. He found many well-made tools, but more intriguing were the 8,000 pieces of ochre, a soft stone that can be turned into paint. Hensilwood’s breakthrough came in 1999 when he found an ochre piece with lines cut in a careful pattern. In other words, it was deliberate artistic design. Henshilwood had found the oldest piece of art yet, its date of origin set at 70,000 years — nearly 30,000 years before the art in Europe.
Based on Henshilwood’s discovery, it seems that humans began to speak and think critically at least 70,000 years ago.
1. ______ made humans physically able to speak.A.The evolution of the tongue |
B.The lowering of the larynx |
C.The appearance of various sounds |
D.The higher thinking |
A.No other animals than humans can enjoy art. |
B.Before 1999, Africa was thought to be the origin of art. |
C.Without creative though, humans would be unable to speak. |
D.Evidence of ancient language use was once found in Europe. |
A.30,000 |
B.40,000 |
C.70,000 |
D.200,000 |
A.How did humans stop struggling for starvation? |
B.When did humans become able to create art? |
C.How did humans communicate more freely? |
D.When did humans begin to think? |
Pedigree Matters Less
The Exciting Offer, a reality show
Two participants in particular have attracted a great deal of attention: Wang Xiao, who graduated with a master’s degree in law from Stanford University, and Ding Hui, who
Many Viewers imagined that Wang
You
Well, I hate to rain on your parade (泼冷水),
More importantly, no amount of prestige can make up for being an arrogant know-it-all.
In a word, respect is earned by becoming a worthy role model for others rather than through an excellent pedigree (历史).
1.
A.She asked classmates for advice. | B.She made use of online courses. |
C.She took some short university courses. | D.She majored in film making. |
A.Because they are important but neglected. |
B.Because she majors in environment at university. |
C.Because they will definitely attract more followers. |
D.Because she is dissatisfied with the previous videos. |
A.Guilty. | B.Surprised. |
C.Inspired. | D.Disappointed. |
A.It’s advisable to keep a low key online. |
B.A successful vlogger must be knowledgeable. |
C.New ideas help arouse interest among viewers. |
D.Updating frequency is the most important to keep viewers. |
1.
A.Exhibition. | B.Facilities. |
C.Entertainment. | D.Films. |
A.It’s meaningful but no fun. |
B.It’s entertaining and instructive. |
C.It’s innovative and well-received. |
D.It’s informative but has its limitation. |
A.A film review on zoos. |
B.A report about a film release. |
C.A survey on zoological facilities. |
D.A documentary about endangered species. |
1.
A.They are both worried about the negative impact of technology. |
B.They differ greatly in their knowledge of modern technology. |
C.They disagree about the future of AI technology. |
D.They work in different fields of AI technology. |
A.Stimulating and motivating. |
B.Simply writing AI software. |
C.More demanding and requiring special training. |
D.Less time-consuming and focusing on creation. |
A.There could be jobs nobody wants to do. |
B.Digital life could replace human civilization. |
C.Humans would be tired of communicating with one another. |
D.Old people would be taken care of solely by unfeeling robots. |
A.It will be smarter than human beings. |
B.Chips will be inserted in human brains. |
C.It will take away humans’ jobs altogether. |
D.Life will become like a science fiction film. |
8 . The Best Language for Math
What’s the best language for learning math? Hint: You’re not reading it.
Chinese, Japanese and Korean use simpler number words and express math concepts more clearly than English. The language gap is drawing growing attention as confusing English number words have been linked in several studies to weaker counting and arithmetic skill in children in English-speaking countries.
Chinese has just nine number words, while English has more than two dozen. The trouble starts at “11”. English has a unique word for the number, while Chinese (as well as Japanese and Korean, among other languages) have words that can be translated as “ten-one” – spoken with the “ten” first.
English number words over 10 don’t as clearly label place values. Number words for the teens reverse the order of the ones and “teens”, making it easy for children to confuse, say, 17 with 71. As a result, children working with English number words have a harder time doing multi-digit addition and subtraction (减法)
It also feels more natural for Chinese speakers than for English speakers to use the “make-a-ten” addition and subtraction strategy. When adding two numbers, students break down the numbers into parts and regroup them into tens and ones. For instance, 9 plus 5 becomes 9 plus 1 plus 4.
Now, you should feel lucky that you are learning math in China. Thanks to your mother tongue, all math problems just come less confusing and difficult to you!
A.So it’s not easy for English speakers to label place values clearly. |
B.The additional mental steps needed to solve problems cause more errors. |
C.Differences between Chinese and English, in particular, have been studied for decades. |
D.This method is a powerful tool for solving more advanced multi-digit addition and subtraction problems. |
E.Different languages indicate different ways of thinking, causing people to solve math problems differently. |
F.That makes it easier for children to understand the place value as well as making it clear that the number system is based on units of 10. |
9 . One of the roles of the Nobel Prize for literature is to shine a light on someone who has been less visible than they deserve. That role was
Unlike previous popular recipients living in Britain, he is not a
There is a(n)
He began and stuck to writing to
In this sense, Gurnah’s work, which
A.assumed | B.fulfilled | C.interpreted | D.handled |
A.household name | B.black horse | C.new face | D.walking dictionary |
A.demanded | B.tended | C.qualified | D.failed |
A.cast doubt on | B.shown sympathy for | C.taken any notice of | D.put trust in |
A.bridge | B.gulf | C.opposition | D.association |
A.illustration | B.definition | C.navigation | D.accusation |
A.prizing | B.initiating | C.fighting | D.escaping |
A.take care | B.take charge | C.make sense | D.make sure |
A.repeatedly | B.periodically | C.scarcely | D.accidentally |
A.bother with | B.contribute to | C.consist of | D.admit to |
A.spite | B.knowledge | C.empathy | D.necessity |
A.Obviously | B.Naturally | C.Consequently | D.Strikingly |
A.imposed | B.healed | C.received | D.examined |
A.psychological | B.geographical | C.ideological | D.demographical |
A.discounts | B.awards | C.spotlights | D.evaluates |