2 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Thailand’s long-lasting image of a nation     1     is filled with     2     (origin) rainforests, mountains and clean, untouched beaches,     3     (attract) millions of visitors during the past few years. However, its global     4     (popular) comes at a cost to the local environment.

In order to preserve Thailand’s natural wonders, the nation is considering a plan to cut the waste     5     (bring) by visitors with the Tourism Authority of Thailand. The goal is     6     (reduce) plastic garbage by up to 50% by 2024. The government is calling on visitors to leave “only     7     (they) footprints and take only good memories”.     8     increasing number of nation’s most attractive scenic spots have already taken action     9     (instant). For example, Ko Mak, an island famous     10     its pure white sandy beaches, and a popular living island Ko Tao are both sharing some environmental solutions with local businesses and visitors.

3 . Coral reefs (礁) are filled with a diverse range of marine lives. Some fish are more beautiful to humans than others, and their outward appearance could be influencing how we decide which species to protect. The fish humans find the ugliest are the most ecologically and evolutionarily (进化上) distinct. But perhaps more importantly, the uglier species are also more likely to be threatened, according to a new paper published in the journal PLOS Biology.

Researchers showed 481 photographs of ray-finned reef fishes to 13,000 members of the public. With that data, they then trained a computer model to generate subsequent (紧随其后的) predictions for an additional 4,400 photographs of 2,417 of the most common reef fish species. They next compared the aesthetic (审美的) rating of each species with other characteristics, including evolutionary history, distinctiveness from other fish, conservation position and importance to fisheries.

After analyzing the numbers, researchers found that the fish humans rated as the most beautiful tended to be less ecologically and evolutionarily distinct. Prettier fish were also more likely to be listed as species of “least concern” on the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List.

On the contrary, the fish that humans found to be the least attractive were the most ecologically and evolutionarily distinct, and they were more likely to be listed as “threatened” on the IUCN Red List. Unattractive species also tended to be more important to money-focused fisheries, which puts them at higher risk of overfishing.

When conservation funding and energy is limited, uglier fish are likely to be overshadowed by more beautiful fish. It’s not surprising that humans are easily attracted by beautiful wildlife, but the findings point to important mismatches between potential public support for conservation and the species most in need of this support.

“To minimize the impact of aesthetic biases (偏见), scientists, conservation groups and policymakers may need to change how they communicate about wildlife,” the researchers write in the paper. “Making people more aware of the roles uglier fish play in reef ecosystems could help them gain more support. In other words, never judge a fish by its look.”

1. What is the second paragraph mainly about?

A．The focus of the study.	B．The process of the study.
C．The purpose of the study.	D．The background of the study

2. Why is there a stronger possibility that uglier fish will be overfished?

A．They are much easier to hunt.	B．They are financially valuable.
C．They are ecologically distinct.	D．They are rare and look special.

3. Which of the following is suggested by the researchers?

A．Building natural reserves worldwide for uglier fish.

B．Attempting to raise people’s environmental awareness.

C．Enriching the understanding of uglier fish’s appearance.

D．Educating people on uglier fish’s ecological importance.

4. What might be the most suitable title for the text?

A．Ugly fish need love, too	B．Ugly fish matter, actually
C．Reef ecosystems need care	D．Coral reefs rely on various fish

4 . There is increasing alarm about the extent of micro plastic pollution, which has been found everywhere from Everest to the Arctic. However, it turns out there’s an even smaller and more poisonous form of plastic pollution entering remote reaches of the globe. A new study published in Environmental Research found significant quantities of nanoplastics in ice samples from both the North and South Poles.

“Now we know that nanoplastics are transported to these comers of the Earth in these quantities. This indicates that nanoplastics are really a bigger pollution problem than we thought,” study lead author Dusan Materic said in a press release.

Nanoplastics are plastics that are smaller than a micrometer in size. Their small size means they are more difficult to study than microplastics, or plastics between five millimeters and a micrometer. But they maybe even more dangerous.

“Nanoplastics are very toxicologically active compared to, for instance, microplastics, and that’s why this is very important” Materic said.

Materic and his team used new methods to measure nanoplastic pollution in ice samples from Greenland and Antarctica. They sampled a 14-meter-deep ice core (核) from the Greenland icecap and sea ice from Antarcia’s McMurdo Sound. They found that there were an average of 13.2 nanograms per milliliter of nanoplastics in the Greenland ice and an average of 52.3 nanograms per milliliter in the Antarctic ice.

But what was even more surprising than the amount of nanoplastics in the remote ice was just how long they had sat there. “In the Greenland core, we see nanoplastic pollution happening all the way from the 1960s. So organisms, despite the lack of the solid evidence, likely all over the world, have been exposed to it for quite some time now,” Materic said.

The study also looked at the types of plastic present in the samples. Half of the Greenland nanoplastics were polyethylene (PE), the kind of plastic used for plastic bags and packaging. A quarter came from tires and a fifth were polyethylene terephthalate (PET), which is, used for clothing and bottles.

1. Why should researchers focus more on nanoplastics?

A．They are more important to science.	B．They are smaller but more dangerous.
C．They are easily polluted by ocean water	D．They are more active in cold surroundings.

2. What does the underlined word “it” refer to in Para.6?

A．The Greenland core.	B．The Antarctic ice.
C．The amount of nanoplastics.	D．Nanoplastics pollution.

3. What can we learn about nanoplastics?

A．The North and South poles are the birthplace of nanoplastics.

B．Nanoplastics have less influence on the pa net than microplastics.

C．Nanoplastics found in the samples are widely used in the daily life.

D．Nanoplastics have been existing since the 1960s throughout the world.

4. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?

A．Microplastics—proving more dangerous.

B．Nanoplastics—making its way to the poles.

C．Nanoplastics—posing a threat to people’s life.

D．Microplastics—setting the alarm bells ringing.

6 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Since mid-July, a large part of Henan province has seen many heavy rains, during    1    time the rainfall over a few days in Henan exceeds (超过) that of a typical year, according to local officials. It was the first time that we    2    (suffer) such heavy rains in several days. Last month, more than 9.3 million people in Henan     3    (report) to have been affected by floods, with over hundreds of people    4    (lose) their lives. The government said that by 29th July, huge funds had been raised by countless organizations and individuals     5    (voluntary). Lots of netizens released videos of support and    6     (encourage) to people affected by the heavy rains, inspiring them to be more active in responding to frequent extreme weather changes.

We are reminded how fragile we human beings are when faced    7    natural disasters. Despite     8    (hit) by heavy rains, we firmly believe that our government will pay    9     it takes to save her people. As    10    matter of fact, rainstorm has no sympathy, but people have love.

7 . Sam, the four-legged superhero, works to keep a park in Santiago clean. The dog’s superpower? Collect garbage as a _________ for visitors.

Sam, who takes regular _________ in Santiago’s park with his owner Gonzalo Chiang, has become a(an) _________, wearing a green cape(斗篷) in a comic(连环画) used as an educational guide.

It _________ when Sam and his owner had to stop again and again in the city’s largest green area to _________ plastic bottles, cans and food packages. “On Sam’s walks, we began to find a lot of _________,” Chiang said. “From there, the need to come prepared to take away the garbage that we found on each visit became _________. The walk is a good opportunity to _________, rather than litter,” Chiang said.

Park officials were impressed and decided to use Sam’s _________ in its park care campaign. Catalina Aravena turned Sam into a cartoon in Sam: The Parquemet Superhero, __________ visitors to take their waste with them or use __________ points along the path. “This became much more __________ than expected,” Aravena said. “It reached different schools and has spread very well on social media.”

The __________ launched anti-litter campaigns last year urging drink vendors(摊主) to switch from plastic to glass cups and started __________ garbage into separate bins.

“Sam and Gonzalo have __________ us to accelerate this education process and structure this garbage classification,” said Eduardo Villalobos, the park’s acting director.

1.

A．resident

B．instructor

C．role

D．model

2.

A．vacations

B．walks

C．breaks

D．hikes

3.

A．celebrity

B．helper

C．hit

D．actor

4.

A．started

B．failed

C．happened

D．continued

5.

A．set aside

B．pay for

C．put away

D．pick up

6.

A．grass

B．people

C．garbage

D．equipment

7.

A．reliable

B．flexible

C．severe

D．obvious

8.

A．clean

B．explore

C．think

D．behave

9.

A．identity

B．ability

C．image

D．popularity

10.

A．helping

B．telling

C．permitting

D．threatening

11.

A．recycling

B．parking

C．washing

D．observing

12.

A．interesting

B．educational

C．beneficial

D．widespread

13.

A．park

B．school

C．government

D．market

14.

A．turning

B．dividing

C．sorting

D．breaking

15.

A．reminded

B．inspired

C．required

D．persuaded

10 . Antarctica is the highest, driest, and coldest place on Earth. It is also the remotest, a fact which demystifies its unspoiled environment. It is difficult for people to get there, and not a comfortable place for people to stay once they arrive.     1    

    2     .They never melt. Even though Antarctica receives more sunlight than the equator, the temperatures are lower because the ice sheet reflects the heat back into space. Thus, the coldest temperature ever recorded on Earth was in Antarctica in July, 1983. Soviet scientists shivered (瑟瑟发抖) through temperatures that fell to minus 89.2 degrees Celsius.

Once completely inaccessible,     3     gold, uranium and oil are just some of the valuable resources which lie beneath the continent’s icy covering.

For centuries, Europeans wondered about the existence of a South-pole continent, but no one actually knew for certain Antarctica was there until 1820 when European explorers “discover” it. Since then, men have gone to Antarctica in search of adventure, testing their abilities.     4    

    5     Damage to the environment occurs as people come looking for resources beneath the ice, or carelessly leave their garbage behind. Currently, countries are working to ensure that the damage to Antarctica’s environment is minimized, and that the last wilderness on Earth will remain an unspoiled place.

A．The cold climate is responsible for maintaining the continent’s year-round ice fields.

B．It is widely described as the last true wilderness on our planet.

C．Measures are being taken to protect Antarctica.

D．Yet, Antarctica’s fragile and complicated ecosystem is threatened by its human visitors.

E．In the icy covering are buried few precious resources,

F．Antarctica has more recently been playing host to adventurers seeking excitement and companies looking to exploit this wild zone for profit,

G．Several teams of explorers set out in 1911 to be the first men to stand at the South Pole.