1 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Since Japan began releasing nuclear-contaminated (核污染) wastewater into the Pacific Ocean on last Thursday despite little     1     (approve) from the international community, Chinese netizens have expressed their anger and concern, with a large number of them     2     (say) that they would no longer go to Japanese restaurants.

According to the spokesperson, the actions of the Japanese government are contradictory to international conventions (公约) and experts say that the influence of Japan’s release of wastewater     3     the safety of people throughout the world is unpredictable. As       4     consequence, many domestic Japanese restaurants say that they will adjust their product lines, and seafood will be selected from domestic sources or imported from other coastal countries. Some even say that they will seek     5     (develop) other new cuisines (菜肴).

“The Chinese government will take necessary measures to     6     (firm) protect the marine environment     7     Japan is determined to go on with its discharge (排放) plan.” said a majority of Chinese, among     8     are those living and studying in Japan now. In a poll (民意调查)     9     (conduct) on Sina Weibo, more than 200, 000 netizens urge Japan to cancel its wrong decision and address the wastewater in a responsible manner. “We don’t want August 24, 2023 to be a disaster day for marine environment and we hope that the issue     10     (give) priority to and dealt with as soon as possible. If Japan does not change course, it must bear the historic consequence for this decision.”

2 . Studies have shown that walking among trees makes us relaxed.     1     There’s plenty of research showing the link between being in nature and being happy, but most of the research has focused on adults.

    2     Explaining the motivation behind the study, researchers note that with environmental issues such as global warming, more studies are focusing on the relationships between humans and nature to find solutions to these problems, and the future of the planet lies in the hands of children and their actions. However, few studies focus on this aspect.

For the study, researchers worked with 296 children between the ages of 9 and 12. To measure how connected they were to nature, the kids were asked how much they enjoy activities like seeing wildflowers and wild animals, hearing sounds of nature and touching animals and plants.     3     They also found that the more concerned children were about the environment and nature, the more likely they were to be happy.

So exposure to nature is related to active behaviors and happiness of children. What does that mean to adults? As we all know, children usually tend to follow adults, especially their parents’ behaviors.     4     And if parents enjoy being close to nature, so will their children.

Researchers say that children need role models who can guide them to nature with excitement and an attitude of a lifelong learner. Parents don’t have to be experts in environmental science or nature studies.     5    

A．It’s so good going for a walk around trees.

B．Even just smelling the trees helps reduce anxiety.

C．That’s to say, when adults are outside and appreciate nature, kids learn by example.

D．What’s more important is that they spend time together with children exploring nature.

E．They found that the kids connected to nature were more likely to behave actively.

F．In a new study, researchers wanted to see if kids get the same benefits from being outdoors.

G．Researchers will study more about the connection between children’s happiness and nature.

4 . Researchers are trying to explore creative ways to reduce e-waste. Now one team has invented a water-activated battery (水激活电池) made of paper and other sustainable materials.

Some e-waste is relatively large: old phones and air conditioners, for instance. Other e-waste is more unnoticeable, such as batteries. It’s these small batteries that are big problems. Nobody really pays attention to where they end up. Researchers at the Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology are working to address this problem. They invented a water-activated paper battery using environmentally friendly materials that could eventually replace the more harmful batteries common in low-power devices.

A traditional battery is made of plastic, metal or other harmful materials. The paper battery works the same as a traditional battery. It has a positively charged (带电的) side, a negatively charged side, and a conductive material (传导材料) between the two. In the new battery, the positively and negatively charged sides are inks printed onto the front and back of a piece of paper. That paper is filled with salt, which dissolves (溶解) when the paper is wet. When the paper is dry, the battery is off. Once the paper is wet, the battery activates within 20 seconds. The new battery’s operating performance worsens as the paper dries. When the scientists rewet the paper during testing, the battery begins to work again and lasts an hour before beginning to dry out again.

Although the researchers showed that their battery could power an alarm clock, it is unlikely to replace standard batteries now. It is hard to predict a time line for producing such batteries in a large number, but that future may not be so far off.

“This really starts with the development of sustainable materials,” Nyström, the lead author, explains, “From there, I think we are able to create something that is quite useful.”

1. Why did the researchers invent the new batteries?

A．To replace harmful batteries.	B．To develop sustainable materials.
C．To power common devices.	D．To make e-waste more noticeable.

2. In what aspect are the traditional and the new batteries different?

A．Sizes.

B．Usages.

C．Materials.

D．Functions.

3. What do we know about the paper used in the new batteries?

A．It dries within 20 seconds.	B．It can be used many times.
C．It has ink on the front side.	D．It breaks easily in salt water.

4. What can be inferred about the new battery from the last two paragraphs?

A．It stores huge power.	B．It takes ages to make it.
C．It is highly profitable.	D．It has a promising future.

5 . Ever been hungry enough to eat a house? Now, you actually could.

Food waste is a big problem in Japan and globally. Japan produced around 5.7 million tons of food waste in 2019. The government plans to reduce that by around 2.7 million tons by 2030. Tokyo University researchers Kota Machida and Yuya Sakai have developed a way to transform food waste into cement(水泥) for construction use and more. This is the first-ever process created for making cement entirely from food waste. The researchers say their product is four times as strong as traditional concrete. This particular cement can be used to make things like tea cups or chairs as well. However, there’s one additional feature — it’s also edible(可食的).

Kota and Yuya are the intelligence behind the formation of Fabula Inc., a company with purposes of reducing food waste, and helping fight global warming.

As expected, something this unique took years to develop. It took a few attempts to find just the right process. Kota and Yuya created the unique technology while researching possible environmentally-friendly materials to replace cement-based concrete. Cement production accounts for 8% of the world’s carbon dioxide emissions.

After a few failures, they realized they could get the cement to bind(黏合) by adjusting the temperatures. “The most challenging part was that each type of food waste requires different temperatures,” Yuya said. So the researchers had to observe them and respond in time. In the experiments, Kota and Yuya have successfully made cement using tea leaves, coffee grounds, cabbage and even lunchbox leftovers.

Fabula Inc. is currently working to make tea cups and furniture, but Yuya is thinking a little bit bigger. Their product could provide relief in the form of edible emergency shelters in disaster ones. “For example, if food cannot be delivered to the people, they could eat makeshift beds made out of food cement,” he said. To eat the material, a person needs to break it apart and boil it.

1. Which is one of Kota and Yuya’s purposes in making use of food waste?

A．To handle climate change.	B．To offer Fabula Inc. more cement.
C．To warn how serious food waste is.	D．To extend concrete’s service life.

2. What did Kota and Yuya assess previously about making edible cement?

A．Its damage to the environment.	B．Its cost of recycling the cement.
C．Its difficulties they would face.	D．Its popularity among the public.

3. What made the experiment of making cement out of food waste harder?

A．Making sure to make cement tasty.	B．Selecting correct food waste timely.
C．Getting cement broken apart easily.	D．Regulating the temperatures constantly.

4. What does the underlined word “makeshift” in the last paragraph mean?

A．Bendable.

B．Strong.

C．Temporary.

D．Commercial.

7 . For decades, climate scientists have named hurricanes and ranked them according to the damage. “Naming and categorizing (把……归类) heat waves is also a must,” states a newly formed international union, called the Extreme Heat Resilience Alliance. “Hurricanes get attention because they cause obvious physical damage,” says Jennifer Marlon, a climate scientist at Yale University. Heat waves, however, have less evident effects, since the primary damage is to human health.

Heat waves kill more people in the United States than any other weather-related disaster. Data from the National Weather Service show that from 1986 to 2019, there were 4,257 deaths as a result of heat. By comparison, there were fewer deaths by floods (2,907), tornadoes (2,203) or hurricanes (1,405) over the same period. What’s more, climate change is increasing the possibility of high temperature events worldwide, getting tens of thousands of people dying each year because of heat.

Some populations are particularly easily harmed by high heat, including people over 65 and those with potential medical conditions. Historical racial discrimination also puts minority communities at higher risk. Due to housing policies, they are more likely to live in urban areas, heat islands which lack green spaces that help cool down neighborhoods.

Part of the naming and ranking process will include defining exactly what a heat wave is. No single definition currently exists. Without a universally accepted definition of a heat wave, “We don’t have a common understanding of the danger we face,” says Aaron Bernstein, an expert of the new group. “Defined categories for heat waves could help local officials better prepare to deal with potential health problems in the face of rising temperatures. And naming and categorizing heat waves could increase public awareness of the health risks caused by these silent killers.”

The union is having conversations with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the World Meteorological Organization and other institutions to develop a standard naming and ranking practice.

1. What do we know about the heat wave in America?

A．It causes most serious physical damage.

B．It has got more attention in recent years.

C．It kills more people than other natural disasters.

D．It is the biggest killer among weather-related disasters.

2. Why are minority populations easily harmed by heat waves?

A．They live in poorly-built houses.	B．They lack good medical resources.
C．They have less access to green spaces.	D．They are limited in their movements.

3. What is the author’s attitude towards the expert mentioned in Paragraph 4?

A．Supportive.	B．Negative.
C．Conservative (保守的).	D．Objective.

4. What does the text intend to tell us about heat waves?

A．They also kill lives like hurricanes.	B．They should have names like hurricanes.
C．Climate change is affecting them greatly.	D．Measures should be taken to prevent them.

8 . 假定你是李华，得知你的美国网友Bill的家乡发生山火，房屋被烧毁，他现在住在临时避难所。请你写一封邮件慰问他，内容要点如下：
1.询问受灾情况，表示关心；
2.鼓励他振作起来，重建家园。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3.开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：山火 mountain fire
Dear Bill,
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

Yours,

Li Hua

9 . The newly-elected president of Brazil, Jair Bolsonaro says that his country should withdraw (退出) from the 2015 Paris Agreement, and that Brazil’s rainforest protections are standing in the way of economic success. During the election campaign, he promised to ease protections for areas of the Brazilian Amazon set aside for native people and wildlife. Are Brazil’s rainforests in danger?

The Amazon, the world’s largest rainforest, is called “the lungs of the planet.” Each tree takes in and stores carbon dioxide from the air around it. Billions of trees pull up water through their roots and release water vapor into the air, forming tiny drops of water. The Amazon creates 30 to 50 percent of its own rainfall. Carlos Nobre, a climate scientist, says that it is almost impossible to say Just how important the rainforest is to the planet’s living systems.

Some of Bolsonaro’s support comes from business and farming groups. One supporter, Luiz Carlos, noted that farmers “are not invaders, they are producers.” He blamed the past government for supporting rainforest protections at the cost of farmers. “Brazil,” he said, “will be the biggest farming nation on Earth during Bolsonaro’s years.”

Paulo Artaxo, a professor of environmental physics at the University of Sao Paulo, says that if Bolsonaro keeps his campaign promises, then “deforestation of the Amazon will probably increase quickly — and the effects will be felt everywhere on the planet.”

Other scientists warn that if the Amazon and other tropical rainforests lose too many trees, this could affect rainfall in other areas. Without enough trees to support the rainfall, the longer and bigger dry season could turn more than half of the rainforest into a tropical grassland.

1. The first paragraph is intended to ________.

A．draw people’s attention to the disappearing rainforests

B．ask people to ease the protection of rainforests

C．attract the public to the newly-elected president

D．to complain about the new government's withdrawing

2. According to the passage, rainforests can ________.

A．produce much farmland

B．examine people’s lungs

C．change the earth’s living system

D．destroy farmers’ crops

3. What can be inferred from the passage?

A．The new president’s supporters care less about farmers.

B．Scientists are concerned about the protection of rainforests.

C．The rainforests will stop the economic development in Brazil.

D．The past government is to blame for the destruction of rainforests

4. The passage is probably taken from ________.

A．a newspaper

B．a magazine

C．a guidebook

D．a textbook