1. 保护环境的重要性；
2. 如何低碳生活；
3. 发出倡议。
注意：
1. 词数80左右；
2. 可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
Dear fellow students,
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2 . Summer music festivals are in full swing, which means that thousands of enthusiastic fans are camping nearby, ready to party. Big problems appear, however, when it comes time for them to leave. They just throw their things away and leave them for someone else to clean up—usually waste contractors (承包方) hired by the music festival. They collect all things and throw them unsorted into a landfill.
Music festivals are environmental disasters when it comes to the amount of trash produced, and this results mostly from festival-goers’ strange disposable (用完即弃的) mentality. An estimated 80 percent of trash produced by music festivals comes from what’s left behind by campers, such as sleeping bags, camp chairs, clothes, rubber boots and leftover food.
After the Isle of Wight Festival in the UK saw 10,000 abandoned (被丢弃的) tents in 2011, some environmentally-minded people decided to take action. An international movement called “Love Your Tent” was started. The movement took over a single campground at the festival and ensured that every person who wanted to camp there signed a conduct agreement that included promising to take their camping equipment home. Its first year in 2012 was a success.
Unfortunately, it continues to be a battle. When “Love Your Tent” did a survey of students at Buckinghamshire New University last year, the result showed that 60 percent of participants admitted to leaving tents behind in the past, even though 86 percent recognized that waste has an impact on the environment.
One major impediment to waste reduction is that camping equipment is cheap and of poor quality so that nobody sees the sense in packing up a dirty tent and taking it home to clean and reuse.
While there’s no easy solution to this trash disaster, it’s clear that music festival organizers need to take responsibility for what their event creates, and demand that campers clean up their act. Organizers could also provide tent-recycling facilities for those people who keep leaving tents behind. Camping, which is supposed to be a celebration of music, should never become a trash fest (集会).
1. What happens after summer music festivals according to the text?| A．Campers produce a huge amount of trash. |
| B．Waste contractors deal with trash properly. |
| C．Festival organizers improve their organizational skills. |
| D．Festival-goers join environmental protection events. |
| A．It still faces challenges. |
| B．It is run only for music festivals in the UK. |
| C．It focuses on collecting abandoned tents. |
| D．It was set up by some festival organizers. |
| A．Access. | B．Clue. | C．Obstacle. | D．Concession. |
| A．Offer tent-recycling facilities. |
| B．Help waste contractors collect trash. |
| C．Sign a conduct agreement with the campers. |
| D．Limit the number of people attending the festival. |
3 . Clothes were once used until they fell apart-repaired and sewed to be re-used, ending their lives as dishcloths. Not today. Clothing, footwear and upholstered furniture are increasingly frequently bought, thrown away and replaced with new fashions, which are themselves soon abandoned and replaced.
‘Fast fashion’ is so called partly because the fashion industry now releases new lines every week, when historically this happened four times a year. Today, fashion brands(品牌)produce almost twice the amount of clothing that they did in 2000. But incredibly, more than 50 billion clothes are deserted within a year of being made.
The trend is having an astonishing environmental impact. Take water. The fashion industry, one of the world’s largest users of water, consumes anywhere from 20 trillion to 200 trillion litres every year. Besides, plastic fibres are released when we wash polyester(聚酯纤维)and other polymer-based textiles(纺织物), and make up between 20% and 35% of the microplastics choking the oceans. Added to this are specific chemicals used to make fabrics dirt resistant and the pesticides required to protect crops such as cotton.
Change is badly needed, but will require the fashion industry to work harder to embrace more of what is known as the circular economy. That will involve at least two things: refocusing on making things that last, and so encouraging reuse; and more rapidly expanding the technologies for sustainable manufacturing(制造)processes, especially recycling. There is work to be done for researchers on improving and expanding textiles recycling. Most used textiles go to landfill(废物填埋场), in part because there are relatively few systems that collect, recycle and reuse materials. Such recycling requires the manual separation of fibres, as well as buttons and zips. Different fibres are not easy to identify by eye, and overall such manual processes are time-consuming. Machinery is being developed that can help. Technologies also exist to recycle used fibres chemically and to create high-quality fibres that can be reused in clothing. But these are nowhere near the scale(规模)needed. Another challenge for researchers is to work out how to get consumers and manufacturers to change their behaviour.
Small steps are good, but big changes are needed. The shameful environmental cost of a new cupboard needs to be tackled immediately, at scale, with style.
1. What are the first two paragraphs mainly about?| A．Clothes should be used until they fall apart. |
| B．Fashion brands are replaced with new ones frequently. |
| C．Fast fashion leads to a significant increase in fashion waste. |
| D．Fashion brands produce twice more clothing than necessary. |
| A．Improving the production of natural textiles. |
| B．Studying how fast fashion affects the environment. |
| C．Releasing new lines four times a year instead of every week. |
| D．Making durable things and expanding the technologies for recycling. |
| A．Consumers are fond of chemically recycled fibres. |
| B．Systems that collect, recycle and reuse are insufficient. |
| C．Manual separation of fibres is preferred by manufacturers. |
| D．Environment damage is mainly caused by using chemicals. |
| A．Big changes are needed to follow fashion styles. |
| B．Huge steps should be taken for the needs of consumers. |
| C．More should be done to deal with the heavy environmental cost. |
| D．Consumers and manufacturers will change their behaviour immediately. |
4 . When things around the house stop working, what do you usually do with them? You probably just throw them away. This has led to the modern nickname: the throwaway culture. There are many reasons for this. In some areas, it’s difficult to find people who can make repairs, and fixing things can be quite expensive. And sometimes it s often easier to just buy a new one.
In 2009 Martine Postma from the Netherlands decided there must be a better way. Her solution was Repair Cafes: places where people can take damaged items (物品). There they will find tools and volunteer experts who are willing to help with repairs.
Postma’s first Repair Cafe opened on Oct.18, 2009, in Amsterdam, and was a huge success. News of the cafe spread, and people began asking how they could start their own. In 2011, Postma set up the Repair Cafe Foundation. This organization guides those hoping to begin their own neighborhood repair group. Today, there are about 2,000 Repair Cafes around the world with meetings held once a month. Everything is free, but donations are thankfully accepted.
The cafes not only provide help with repairs, but they also strengthen community ties. Neighbors get to know one another as they work together on projects. In addition, valuable knowledge is passed along and remembered. Items are kept rather than thrown away. If a broken item weighs a kilo, it’s been estimated (估计) that 2,000 Repair Cafes prevent 35,000 kilos of trash every month. That adds up to about 420,000 kilos per year!
Ginko Lee is the organizer for a repair group in Pasadena, California. In an interview, she described how exciting it is watching people who really want to help one another. She has often heard visitors say,“This is the kind of world I want to live in!” Ms. Lee said,“Everyone is a giver and a receiver in Repair Cafes.”
1. Why did the author mention the throwaway culture?| A．To list an example. | B．To make a summary. |
| C．To bring up the topic. | D．To give some suggestions. |
| A．Running a place to repair items. | B．Buying some tools for the public. |
| C．Starting a school to teach repairing. | D．Volunteering to collect damaged things. |
| A．It got support from an organization. | B．It destroyed the throwaway culture. |
| C．It was considered to be useless. | D．It drew a lot of attention. |
| A．They are easy to manage. |
| B．They make people stay close to nature. |
| C．They are helpful in protecting the environment. |
| D．They encourage people to start their own business. |
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