1 . What are the health benefits of root vegetables?
Root vegetables are good for your digestion. The recommended daily fibre intake in the UK is 30g. Here’s where root vegetables such as sweet potatoes, onions, turnips, parsnips and swede come in — they’re rich in fibre.
Orange-coloured vegetables boost your immunity. These foods, known as carotenoids (类胡萝卜素), are a great source of vitamins A and C.
Carrots can protect against the sun.
These vegetables are good for heart health. High cholesterol (胆固醇) can lead to heart problems. Studies have shown garlic can reduce cholesterol.
A.It’s a truth that carrots are good for eyes. |
B.They could reduce your pressure in daily life. |
C.The flavors of the root vegetables are various. |
D.Root vegetables could reduce your risk of diabetes. |
E.These support your immune system and help prevent cell damage. |
F.Fibre helps us maintain a healthy weight and might even protect against bowel cancer. |
G.Another shows eating 200g of raw carrot each day for three weeks reduces it by 11 percent. |
2 . Harry Burleigh headed into the woods for a camping trip with his fishing equipment. A few days later, his wife Stacy grew
Stacy called the
On May 15, the rescuers finally caught a break when they
“This was the
A.excited | B.concerned | C.annoyed | D.puzzled |
A.authorities | B.hospital | C.agencies | D.family |
A.hesitantly | B.instantly | C.secretly | D.suddenly |
A.news | B.hope | C.sign | D.wonder |
A.spotted | B.offered | C.sought | D.constructed |
A.turned down | B.depended on | C.called in | D.cut off |
A.equipment | B.break | C.food | D.path |
A.bought | B.left | C.presented | D.fetched |
A.fire | B.bed | C.video | D.face |
A.river | B.chance | C.team | D.shelter |
A.hunting | B.exploring | C.walking | D.marching |
A.Amused | B.Awkward | C.Upset | D.Relieved |
A.cause | B.outcome | C.award | D.evaluation |
A.determined | B.tolerant | C.disciplined | D.flexible |
A.affect | B.instruct | C.encourage | D.reunite |
3 . When delivering medications to patients, one of the most effective methods is direct injection (注射) into the bloodstream using a needle. But this can be an uncomfortable experience, especially for kids or adults with a fear of needles. While patients do have the option to take oral pills instead, drugs containing large molecules (分子) are not absorbed effectively this way.
Now, inspired by octopus suckers (章鱼吸盘), researchers from China and Switzerland have designed a needle-free alternative: a tiny, drug-filled, cup-like patch (贴片) that sticks to the inside of the cheeks. The device is easily accessible, and it can be removed at any time and the drug gets absorbed through the lining of the inner cheek, the team reports in a paper in Science Translational Medicine.
To test the design, the team 3D printed the suckers. They loaded each with the drug and stuck them inside the cheeks of three beagles, a kind of dog which has a similar inner cheek lining to humans. For comparison, they also delivered the drug to beagles via a pill. After three hours, the team found that drug blood concentrations in dogs with the patch were more than 150 times higher than in the dogs that took a tablet. They also found patches worked effectively for drugs with large molecules.
40 healthy human volunteers self-applied water-filled patches to see how well they would stay on while talking and moving their mouths. After 30 minutes, only five of the 40 patches had fallen off, which was because of improper placement. Most volunteers said they would prefer a patch over injections for daily applications.
Still, the team only tested the patch for a short time so they would need to find out what would happen if it was used repeatedly. They’d also need to determine which drugs would work with the technology: the target is large molecules, such as those used to treat obesity or osteoporosis, but they can’t be too large to fit in the cup.
1. Why do the researchers develop the patch?A.To help patients overcome the fear of needles. |
B.To enable kids to swallow tablets smoothly. |
C.To offer a better way of drug delivery. |
D.To guarantee the efficiency of oral pills. |
A.It is technologically possible to 3D print the patches. |
B.The cheek lining of dogs is similar to that of humans. |
C.Patches fall easily with their mouth movement. |
D.Drugs are absorbed better through patches than pills. |
A.Innovative and profitable. |
B.Effective and user-friendly. |
C.Affordable and accessible. |
D.Flexible and long-lasting. |
A.The related issues to be solved. |
B.The risk of using patches repeatedly. |
C.The way to identity large molecules. |
D.The trouble of improving the technology. |
4 . A recent analysis from the Physicians Committee for Responsible Medicine highlights the benefits of replacing animal products with plant-based foods. This analysis, which amplifies a previous study by the same committee, further emphasizes the significant impact of plant-based diets on weight loss, cholesterol (胆固醇) and fat intake in overweight adults.
The most significant finding is that both healthy and unhealthy plant-based foods contribute to weight loss when they replace animal products in the diet. This conclusion is significant because it underlines the potential of a plant-based diet, regardless of the specific type of plant-based foods consumed, in managing weight and improving overall health.
This analysis is a secondary examination of a prior study that involved 244 overweight adults. The participants were divided into two groups. The first group followed a low-fat vegan (素食的) diet, and the second made no changes to their diet. Obviously, the study set no restrictions on calorie intake, and the researchers did not give participants specific instructions on diet quality.
The study authors used two different indexes (指标) to assess: the healthful plant-based diet index (hPDI), and the unhealthful plant-based diet index (uPDI). The hPDI emphasizes fruits, vegetables, grains, and beans, while the uPDI includes more refined grains and fruit juices. Higher scores on the indexes correlate with greater consumption of plant-based foods and reduced consumption of animal products.
The results revealed that after 16 weeks, participants on the vegan diet showed increased scores in both indexes. This increase significantly correlated with participants losing an average of about 13 pounds, mainly from reduced fat mass. The second group showed no change in their index scores.
Overall, the analysis provides strong evidence that eating plant-based foods is effective for weight management and health improvement.
1. What does the underlined word “amplifies” mean in paragraph 1?A.Abuse. | B.Expand. | C.Launch. | D.Classify. |
A.The causes of putting on weights. | B.The key insight on plant-based foods. |
C.The significance of managing weights. | D.The specific types of plant-based foods. |
A.By improving participants’ diet quality. |
B.By following participants’ daily routines. |
C.By monitoring participants’ calorie intake. |
D.By comparing participants’ indexes scores. |
A.Being on diet is the key to losing weight. |
B.All plant products are beneficial to health. |
C.Plant-based foods show promising results. |
D.Animal products have no effect on weight. |
注意:写作词数应为80左右。
Dear classmates,
I’m writing to persuade you to take part in morning jogging after arriving at school every day.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________6 . Walking might seem simple. “But it’s not,” explains Peggy Cawthon, a professor at Harvard Medical School. “It’s an amazingly complex behavior when we try to understand how to improve our lives as we age.”
Don’t stop exercising
Cawthon agrees that the worst thing a person can do is to stop exercising. “You’ll feel the effects almost immediately,” says Cawthon. Sitting for hours leaves her uncomfortable, and it’s the days when she types that her arthritis (关节炎) doesn’t cause much pain.
Train yourself to walk with skill
To truly improve your walking, you need to think like an athlete. Imagine you want to play tennis, but you have a bad backhand. Playing lots of tennis won’t fix the problem, Cawthon says.
Give your brain a boost (激励)
So when should we face the music about our mobility? There is no final answer for when walking problems begin to come up. “You should be as active as you can at any age,” Cawthon says, noting that people who are healthy in their 20s and 30s are best equipped to deal with future age-related challenges. “The best time to start is now. Next best is tomorrow,” she says.
A.Start planning now |
B.Be in pretty good shape |
C.You need to improve your skill |
D.So what steps should we take to do it right |
E.How can you sweat your way to good health |
F.It is a helpful reminder that our bodies need action |
G.Basically, the body part controlling everything is your brain |
7 . Researchers from ETH Zurich, the University of Zurich, and the University Hospital Zurich have made a significant breakthrough in the field of precision medicine. They have developed a machine learning approach known as CellOT that can predict how individual cells react to specific treatments. This development promises more accurate diagnoses and therapeutics, particularly in the fight against cancer.
Precision medicine, which aims to find the most effective drug combination and dosage (剂量) based on individual patient characteristics, has been a critical goal in the battle against cancer. Central to this is understanding how individual cells respond to treatment, a challenge that the research team from Zurich has tackled head-on with their innovative method.
CellOT is a groundbreaking approach that identifies the distinct reactions individual cells within a larger population can have to a drug. The average response of a cell population often does not capture the full complexity of how certain tumor cells survive or develop resistance to drugs. CellOT addresses this by predicting the effects of perturbations (扰动) on cells, paving the way for more effective and personalized cancer treatments.
Perturbations are changes caused by chemical, physical, or genetic influences, such as the effects of drugs on cancer cells. By understanding which cells respond to a drug and identifying the traits of resistant cells, researchers can develop new treatment strategies that prevent cell growth or cause pathogenic (致病的) cells to die.
For CellOT, the researchers use novel machine learning algorithms and train these with both data from unperturbed cells and data from cells that changed after a perturbation response. In the process, the algorithm learns how cellular perturbation reactions arise, how they progress, and the likely phenotypes (显性类型) of altered cell states.
The study, published in Nature Methods, shows that CellOT is not just effective for cancer cells. It can also be used on other pathogenic cells involved in autoimmune diseases like lupus erythematosus (红斑狼疮), indicating its potential in advancing treatments for various diseases.
A key innovation of CellOT is its predictive ability. By evaluating existing cell measurement data, and thus expanding the knowledge of cellular perturbation reactions, CellOT can predict how individual cells will respond to perturbations that have not been measured in the laboratory. This capability opens up new avenues for targeted and personalized treatments.
While CellOT holds immense promise, comprehensive clinical trials are still required before the approach can be used in a hospital setting. Nevertheless, the development of this method marks a significant step towards a more nuanced (细腻的) understanding of individual cell responses to drugs. It fuels the hope for more effective cancer treatments and advances in precision medicine.
1. The underlined word “this” in Paragraph 3 refers to _______.A.various responses of a cell population to drugs |
B.the average reaction of a cell population to drugs |
C.the resistance from a group of cancer cells to drugs |
D.the survival of a population of cancer cells to drugs |
A.has proved efficient in some Zurich hospitals |
B.can cause perturbations inside a human body |
C.may bring about better treatments for various diseases |
D.focuses on monitoring the development of cancer cells |
A.The limitations of CellOT. |
B.Suggestions for CellOT improvement. |
C.An explanation of further research. |
D.Future implications of CellOT. |
A.A Groundbreaking Medicine for Cancer |
B.Precision Medicine is Around the Corner |
C.How Machine Learning Helps Zurich Doctors |
D.CellOT: Advancing Precision Cancer Treatment |
During the Hangzhou 2023 Asian Games, athletes from around the world have been exploring acupuncture (针灸). a component of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). This practice
TCM, which includes acupuncture, herbal therapy, massage, Tai Chi, and Qigong remains
While China places significant emphasis
TCM has been recognized for the potential benefits, particularly when
As research into TCM continues to advance and more individuals embrace it for their healthcare needs, the field is
9 . College is a time of transition (过渡) for young adults. It may be the first time students have the freedom to determine how to spend their time, but this freedom comes with competing interests from learning, social events and even sleep.
A multi-institutional team of researchers conducted the first study to evaluate how the nightly sleeping time in the early term affects first-year college students’ end-of-term grade point average (GPA). The study evaluated more than 600 first-year students across five studies at three universities. The students wore wrist devices like smartwatch to monitor and record their sleep patterns. The researchers found that students in the study sleep on average 6.5 hours a night.
More surprisingly, the researchers found that students who receive less than 6 hours of sleep experienced a pronounced decline in academic performance. In addition, each hour of sleep lost corresponded to a 0.07 decrease in end-of-term GPA.
“Animal studies have shown how critical sleep is for learning and memory,” said Creswell, the William S. Dietrich Ⅱ Professor in Psychology. “Here we show how this work translates to humans. The less nightly sleep a first-year college student gets at the beginning of the school term predicts lower GPA at the end of the term, some five to nine weeks later. Lack of sleep may be hurting students’ ability to learn in their college classrooms.”
“Once you start dipping below 6 hours, you are starting to accumulate (积累) massive sleep debt that can damage a student’s health and study habits, hurting the whole system,” said Creswell. “Most surprising to me was that no matter what we did to make the effect go away, it lasted.”
“A popular belief among college students is to value studying more or partying more over nightly sleep,” said Creswell. “Our work here suggests that there are potentially real costs to reducing your nightly sleep on your ability to learn and achieve in college. There’s real value in planning for the importance of nightly sleep.”
1. How did the researchers get their data?A.By doing various experiments. |
B.By conducting a questionnaire survey. |
C.By recording the subjects’ sleep. |
D.By referring to a previous study. |
A.Rising. | B.Putting. | C.Adjusting. | D.Dropping. |
A.Schedule nightly sleep wisely. | B.Focus on learning and academy. |
C.Pay off accumulated sleep debt. | D.Value studying more over partying. |
A.Students are severely in need of sleep |
B.Nightly sleep is key to students success |
C.Lacking sleep can damage a student’s health |
D.College students arrange time unreasonably |
10 . Living a healthy life is all about choosing to make healthy choices each day. We’ve put together some good tips for starting a healthy life.
Create specific health goals
When you have specific goals you want to achieve, you’ll be more encouraged to make changes in your life.
It’s no secret that eating health y food is one of the keys to achieving a healthy life. When you follow a healthy diet, you reduce the risk for heart disease, high blood pressure, and other diseases. More than that, healthy eating can relax you and make you happy.
Drink plenty of water
Just like tasty food, water is necessary to keep your body healthy. Water helps you digest(消化)food, keeps you hydrated(补水), and protects your body.
Exercise regularly
Find a type of physical activity that’s enjoyable for you.
Get enough sleep
A good night’s sleep can help you avoid getting sick, keep a healthy weight, and start a good day. Most adults need at least 7 hours of quality sleep each night.
A.Keep a healthy diet |
B.Get into shape before school starts |
C.Be positive about yourself and your body |
D.The good points of physical activity are endless |
E.You should know what parts of your life you want to improve |
F.Children need from 8 to 13 hours depending on how old they are |
G.You should drink about 3.1 L of water a day to stay properly hydrated |