1 . Don't get mad the next time you catch your teenager texting when he promised to be studying. He simply may not be able to resist. A University of lowa(UI) study found teenagers are far more sensitive than adults to the immediate effect or reward of their behaviors. The findings may help explain why the initial rush of texting may be more attractive for adolescents than the long-term pay off of studying.

"For the teenager, 'the rewards are attractive." says Professor Jatin   Vaidya，an author of the study. "They draw adolescent. Sometimes, the rewards are a kind of motivation for them. Even when a behavior is   no   longer in a teenager's best interest to continue, they will, because the effect of   the reward is still there and lasts much longer in adolescents than in adults ."

For parents,that means limiting distraction (分心的事情）so teenagers can make better choices. Take the homework and social media dilemma: At 9 p.m., shut off   everything except a   computer that has no access to   Facehook or Twitter, the researchers advise. "I'm not saying they shouldn't be allowed access to technology," Vaidya says. But some help in netting their concentration is necessary for them   so they can develop those impulse-control skills.”

In their study,Vaidya and co-author Shaun Vecera note researchers generally believe teenagers are impulsive（冲动的)，make bad decisions，and engage in risky behavior because the frontal lobes（额叶）of their trains are not fully developed. But the UI researchers wondered. whether something more fundamental was going on with adolescents to cause behaviors independent of higher-level reasoning.

"We wanted to try to understand the brain's reward system how it change from chillhood to adulthood," Says Vaidya, who adds the reward character in the human brain is easier than decision-making. “We've been trying to understand the reward process in adolescence and     whether there is more to   adolescence behavior than an under-developed frontal   lobe,”he adds.For their study ,the researchers persuaded 40 adolescents, aged 13 and 16,and 40 adults, aged 20 and 35 to participate.

In the future,researchers hope to look into the psychological and neurological（神经学上的）aspects of their results.

1. What does the passage mainly tell us?

A．The initial rush of texting is less attractive for adolescents than the long-term pay off of studying.

B．Always, rewards are attractive to teenagers.

C．Resistance can be controlled well by adolescents.

D．Getting rewards is the greatest motivation for adolescents to study.

2. Which   statement   agrees with Vaidya's idea?

A．The influence of the reward is weak in adolescents.

B．Parents should help children in making decisions.

C．Children should have access to the Internet.

D．Children need help in refocusing their attention.

3. What result does teenagers' brain underdevelopment lead to?

A．Doing things after some thought.

B．Making good decisions.

C．Joining in dangerous actions.

D．Escaping risky behavior.

4. How did the researchers carry out their study?

A．By making a comparison of brain examinations.

B．By examining adults’ brain.

C．By examining teenage brain.

D．By building the train’s reward system.

2 . 语法填空

During a recent Senior Three English lesson，the teacher     1    (notice)Xiao Ming，a student，busily typing messages on her cellphone. To the teacher's surprise, Xiao Ming wasn't just texting her friends the latest small talk. She was blogging about what she was learning in the classroom，sharing her opinions     2     her classmates. She said she     3    (true)enjoyed doing that.

The case caused     4     heated discussion among teachers and students citywide. Miss Li，another English teacher said，“I am amazed at how     5    (create)the students can be when writing on their blogs. To me it's a great way for students to improve their writing skills while writing about personal feelings and experiences.” But     6     made other teachers worried was the blog­addiction which may disturb the students' study.

A supporter and classmate of Xiao Ming said，“We love her blog！We all read it each day and can't wait to see what she writes about next. Many of her     7    (suggest)on study really help to encourage us. And we can relax     8    (we)while reading her blog.” Another student blogger admitted that he often works late into the night，    9    (write)his blog. He said，“Sometimes I don't even have time     10    (finish)my homework. I can't help myself. I really have a lot to say.”

3 . Never Talk to Strangers?

“Never talk to strangers.” Many children are taught this simple rule as a precaution against abduction (诱拐). In June, 2005, an 11-year-old boy was lost in the Utah wilderness for four days. During that time, he stayed on the path. He saw people searching for him but deliberately hid from them, afraid someone might “steal” him. Eventually, the unfortunate game of hide-and-seek ended and he was found. According to the Canada Safety Council, this alarming incident shows how unwise it is to instill (灌输) a fear of strangers in children. The “stranger danger” message can prevent children from developing the social skills and judgment needed to deal effectively with real-life situations. In a difficult situation, a stranger could be their lifeline to safety.

To have a child go missing is a parent’s worst nightmare. The threat of abduction by a stranger is minimal when compared with other possible reasons for a disappearance. In 2004, there were 67,266 missing-children cases in Canada. Only 31 involved abduction; in most of those cases the abductor was a relative, friend, or person known to the family. There were 671 cases of children wandering off, and 332 cases of abductions by a parent. Almost 80 percent of all cases were runaways. These statistics cast doubt on the idea that children should never talk to strangers. Wandering off is more common—but a lost child may have to call upon a stranger for help, and must develop the ability to judge what kind of people to approach. The “never talk to strangers” rule does not protect children in the situations they are most likely to face. On top of this, it can be confusing. Adults do not model the behavior; they often talk to strangers. A child may not know how to tell who is a stranger, and who is not.

For young children, nothing replaces close supervision (监管). Pre-schoolers do not understand risk and tend to act without thinking. Children need to develop habits and attitudes that will protect them from the real threats and dangers they may face. The Canada Safety Council encourages parents to give their children age-appropriate positive messages about safety, bearing in mind how youngsters may understand their world.

1. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the 11-year-old boy?

A．He practiced the “never talk to strangers” rule.

B．He hid from the rescuers to avoid possible abduction.

C．He eventually showed up when his hide-and seek game ended.

D．He stayed where he was, expecting the coming of familiar people.

2. Among the possible reasons for the missing-children cases in Canada, which one is the most frequent?

A．Being abducted by a parent.	B．Running away.
C．Being abducted by strangers.	D．Wandering off.

3. The “never talk to strangers” rule is confusing to children because ___________.

A．a friendly and attractive person may be dangerous

B．adults do not act upon the rule and strangers are hard to tell

C．the rule does not protect children in the situation of abducting

D．a lost child may have difficulty in communicating with a stranger

4. Which would the author agree with about the “never talk to strangers” rule?

A．It is not well recognized by parents.

B．It is practical as a safety tip in daily life.

C．It is easy enough for children to follow.

D．It is not effective in keeping kids safe.

4 . Most high school students would rather spend their summer vacations far away from the classroom. But Vineet Kosaraju and Nikhil Cheerla are choosing to go back to school, and this time they are the teachers.

“I think it’s really nice that I can help the community by spending just a little bit of time every week helping just a few students here and there try and learn programming,” Kosaraju said.

Friends since they were young boys, Kosaraju and Cheerla always shared a love of computer science. They learned the skills from their parents and school, but recognized that not all children have that chance.

“Programming isn’t taught in that many schools, especially low income (收入) schools, because there isn’t that much money to support it,” Kosaraju said.

So he and Cheerla developed “Math and Coding,” an after-school program for kids of all ages to learn the basics of computer programming.

Between applying for college and doing their own homework, the two boys now spend a few hours every week going to different libraries teaching classes that cover everything from building basic games to developing apps.

The friends started the program a little over a year ago and already, it’s spread to more than a dozen libraries across the Bay Area in California. They are even training volunteers to teach these very same classes in other US states and Canada.

Maryann Mitchell brought her 8-year-old granddaughter, Gabriella, to a class on coding at the Alum Rock Library in San Jose, California.

“It’s a chance for her to learn,” Mitchell said. “It’s the way of the future, and it’s a good way for her to get grounded and be ready for what the future holds.”

“I think the most rewarding thing is having people come up and thank you and say they really learned a lot from this class,” Cheerla said. “It doesn’t get any better than that.”

1. Why do the two boys return to the classroom during summer holidays?

A．To improve their computer skills.	B．To get some teaching experience.
C．To raise money for local schools.	D．To instruct kids in programming.

2. What do we know about the program?

A．It has a growing influence.	B．It has been run for many years.
C．It helps students apply for college.	D．It trains teachers to work for libraries.

3. How can the class benefit Gabriella?

A．It encourages her to visit libraries.	B．It helps her prepare for the future.
C．It allows her to make more friends.	D．It’s a chance to learn about the future.

4. What does the text mainly report?

A．The great work of volunteers in the Bay Area.

B．A library’s important role in helping students.

C．Two teens’ free coding course for children.

D．The close friendship between two students.

5 . Time flies, but the tracks of time remain in books and museums. This is what made a recent tragedy in Brazil even more terrible.

On Sept.2, a big fire ripped through the National Museum of Brazil. “ Two hundred years of work, research and knowledge were lost, ” Brazilian President Michel Temer wrote on Twitter after the fire. “It's a sad day for all Brazilians.”

Most of the 20 million pieces of history are believed to have been destroyed. Only as little as 10 percent of the collection may have survived, Time reported. Among all the items, there were Egyptian mummies, the bones of uniquely Brazilian creatures such as the long－necked dinosaur Maxakalisaurus, and an 11,500－year－old skull called Luzia, which was considered one of South America's oldest human fossils.

Besides these, Brazil's indigenous(本土的，土著的) knowledge also suffered. The museum housed world－famous collections of indigenous objects, as well as many audio recordings of local languages from all over Brazil. Some of these recordings, now lost, were of languages that are no longer spoken.

“The tragedy this Sunday is a sort of national suicide, a crime against our past and future generations,” Bernard Mello Franco, one of Brazil's best－known columnists, wrote on the O Globo newspaper site.

The cause of the fire is still unknown, as BBC News reported on Sept. 3. After the fire burned out, crowds protested outside the museum to show their anger at the loss of the irreplaceable items of historical value.

According to Emilio Bruna, an ecologist at the University of Florida, museums are living, breathing stores of who we are and where we've come from, and the world around us.

Just as underwater grass floats on the surface if it loses its roots, a nation is lost without its memories. The fire at the National Museum of Brazil teaches the world an important lesson: We should never neglect history.

1. What can be summarized as the main idea of the 3rd and 4th paragraphs?

A．Long history of South America.	B．Remains from the fire.
C．Mysteries to be solved.	D．History and knowledge burned up.

2. What opinion may be shared by Bernard Mello Franco and the protesters?

A．The government is to blame for the tragedy.

B．The museum should be rebuilt

C．The loss can't be made up for.

D．The criminal should be sentenced to death.

3. What does Emilio Bruna compare museums to?

A．Living stores of our past.	B．Underwater grass.
C．The oldest fossils.	D．National suicide.

4. What may be the best title of the passage?

A．Death of a civilization	B．Functions of museums
C．Gone with the fire	D．Brazilians' memories

6 . Doing homework can not only help children master the knowledge they have learned, but also can train their abilities of finishing the work alone,planning the time and doing the duties. But some children don’t like to complete the work. Why? There are some reasons.

Some children feel it is very difficult to do their homework, because they can’t understand their teacher clearly, and can’t follow their teacher’s teaching process. Maybe there is something wrong with their intelligence.

But some children’s intelligence is normal. They are even cleverer,but they don’t listen to the teacher carefully. It is hard for them to sit well and pay attention to anything. It needs to carry on the attention centralized（集中注意力）training to help the children.

Some children love their teacher and then they like the subject. Their interest depends on the teacher who teaches them. So every teacher should be helpful and kind. It can make children love you and the subject you teach. So they can do their homework happily.

1. Doing homework can help children         .

A．master the knowledge	B．train their abilities
C．lean new lessons	D．Both A and B

2. Some children find the homework difficult. Which reason is NOT right?

A．They can’t understand their teacher clearly.

B．They can’t follow their teacher’s teaching process.

C．The intelligence of all the students isn’t normal.

D．They don’t listen to the teacher carefully.

3. What’s the Chinese meaning of the underlined word “intelligence”?

A．作业	B．智商
C．思想	D．方式

4. What is the best title of the passage?

A．Some children don’t like their teacher.

B．Children’s homework is very difficult.

C．Why don’t some children like to do homework?

D．Why can’t some children study the subjects well?

7 . 阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(不多于3个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Beer and fried chicken — this combo (组合餐)has recently become the     1    (popular) late-night snack eaten inside dorms and documented in weibo and WeChat updates. Thanks to the popular South Korean drama Man From the Stars, this new mix-and-match junk food trend has been very popular     2     young audiences despite its     3    (healthy) nature. Indeed, K-dramas have been     4     major force in the South Korean pop culture wave     5     has captured (捕获) the hearts of young Chinese. Apart from pretty faces, fashion is     6     exciting part. Critics and Industry insiders agree that the recipe for K-dramas’ success     7    (consist) of several main ingredients— handsome and cute stars     8    (dress) in the latest fashion trends, youth fantasies, and     9    (create) storylines (故事情节）. With love triangles, serious diseases, and Cinderella tales, the storylines in K-drama might seem commonplace. Man From the Stars challenges this norm by     10     (combine) aliens and time travel into these standard stories.

8 . Rich and Famous

Twenty years ago the most common ambition of American children was to be a teacher, followed by working in banking and finance, and then medicine. But today’s situation is quite different.     1     Instead they most commonly say they want to be a sports star, a pop star, or an actor—in other words, they hope to become a celebrity .

According to experts, young people desire these jobs largely because of the wealth and the fame.     2     Let’s take athletes and singers as an example. Their careers are short-lived. Many athletes’ best time only lasts a few years and singers can have a very limited career. The field that was once the focus of their lives becomes something they have little or no involvement in. As a result, they’ll have a feeling of worthlessness and a lack of control.     3    The truth is quite simple: they have been so far removed from it for so long.

In spite of these disadvantages, there is greater ambition than ever among young people to achieve that status. They are not satisfied just making a living—they want to be rich and famous. Globally, more and more TV shows provide talent competitions where winners can achieve their goals in just a few weeks or months.    4    They unrealistically believe that this lifestyle is easily obtained and leads to great satisfaction.

While many people argue that there is nothing wrong with having such ambitions, others feel that this trend will finally lead to dissatisfaction as more and more people are unable to reach their goals.     5     That means they ignore the simple fact that great effort is needed before success. As a result, many people won’t realize their childhood dreams, which could have a negative effect on their happiness.

A．In many ways this has been brought about by the celebrity culture.

B．People no longer have a sense of satisfaction once their goals have been achieved.

C．Besides, it can be difficult for them to adapt back to a normal everyday life.

D．The younger generation don’t favor these professions any more.

E．Unfortunately, they do not always have a positive effect on people’s life.

F．The reason is that they don’t realize it takes talent and hard work to be rich and famous.

G．This quick way of gaining wealth and fame creates a celebrity culture among people.

9 . Digital grounding（限制）is when parents or caregivers limit or completely take away access to technology from children. According to a study conducted by Pew Research, 65% of parents have digitally grounded their teen by taking away their teen’s cellphone or Internet access as punishment.

Because children are so connected with their technologies, digital grounding may seem like a logical step for parents. Take away a child’s most cherished item and they will quickly learn from their behavior. But the idea of digital grounding isn’t as clear-cut as that. Instead, it may be a lose-lose situation for parents and kids, alike.

For most parents, the goal of grounding isn’t to make their children unhappy or sad. It is to teach a lesson in the hope that they won’t engage in whatever behavior got them in trouble in the first place. Unfortunately, though, digital grounding is often just punishment, not discipline. If a child stays out past curfew(约定的最晚回家时间), a punishment would be hitting or yelling at them. Discipline would be not letting them go out the next weekend because they failed to follow rules.

We’ve all been there—we’ve caught our child doing something wrong and in the heat of the moment laid out a strict punishment. We may have been feeling hot-headed, embarrassed, or upset. Often, though, these punishments don’t align（结盟）with the bad behavior.

While digital grounding may solve the problem temporarily, it won’t provide children with the guidance they need to act appropriately in the future. Instead of grounding, show your child what they did wrong and give them the chance to act differently. This way, they will learn from their mistakes in a practical manner and figure out ways to be safe and smart with technology.

There’s no denying it: technology is here for the long-haul. This is why some parenting experts don’t recommend digitally grounding your children. It doesn’t focus on the end goal of safe behavior. They recommend teaching them good habits as soon as possible, rather than taking away their technology. By digitally grounding them, you are putting a bandage over the wound, rather than treating it.

Now, when we say that digital grounding is a lose-lose situation, we’re not saying that disciplining your children in general is a lose-lose situation. Discipline is a great way to teach children lessons, when used appropriately.

1. Which of the following is a proper form of discipline according to the author?

A．Hitting or yelling at children.

B．Laying out a strict punishment in the heat of the moment.

C．Taking away access to cellphones from children completely.

D．Forbidding kids to go out the next weekend if they stay out past curfew.

2. What does the author think of digital grounding?

A．It benefits children a great deal.

B．It is no better than disciplining.

C．Parents can use it to correct kids’ behavior.

D．Neither parents nor children gain benefits from it.

3. What does the author suggest parents do instead of grounding?

A．Give kids more free time.	B．Help kids form good habits.
C．Act appropriately in public.	D．Put a bandage over the wound.

4. What’s the purpose of the text?

A．To inform us of ways of punishing kids.

B．To explain what digital grounding means.

C．To show how to parent children in digital times.

D．To prove digital grounding is not a good parenting way.

10 . 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Up to 82 percent of children with healthy mothers are not easy to be obese（肥胖的）, according to research. A mother,     1     has a healthy weight, exercises regularly, eats a healthy diet, doesn’t smoke and only     2    (drink) wine in moderation, is significantly less likely     3    (have)a fat child, scientists say.

And research suggests it could be more to do with nurture(养育)    4     nature, as a mother's lifestyle appears     5    (direct) linked to the health of her child. When both mother and child follow a healthy lifestyle, the risk of obesity     6    (reduce)even more, the study of more than 24,000 children found.

The study examined the medical history and lifestyles of more than 24,000 children aged nine     7     fourteen, born to almost 17,000 women in the US. Researchers looked at the link between overall mother health and likelihood of a child     8    (be) obese.

The mother's health was judged on her height-to-weight ratio(比例), her diet, amount of physical     9    (active), smoking status and how much alcohol she drank. A healthy weight and diet, regular exercise, no smoking and moderate drinking all reduce the chance of a woman having     10     obese child.