| A．His hands. | B．His back. | C．His knee. |
2 . Bad teeth may be painful and it’s getting worse without treatment. They can even ruin your life. Illness of the teeth can find its way into the blood system. This can increase the chances of a heart disease or other illnesses.
Experts say good care for teeth should start at birth. Mothers’ milk is the best food for the healthy development of teeth.
But dentists say a baby’s mouth and early teeth should be cleaned after each feeding. Use a cloth with a little warm water. Do the same if a baby is fed with a bottle. Experts say if you decide to put your baby to sleep with a bottle, give him only water.
When a baby’s teeth begin to appear, you can clean them with a wet toothbrush. Dentists say it is important to find soft toothbrushes made especially for babies and to use them very gently. Young children often eat toothpaste (牙膏) when they brush their teeth, so they should be carefully watched when they brush their teeth.
Parents often ask what effect thumb sucking (吮拇指) might have on their baby’s teeth. Experts generally agree that this is fine early in life. Most children stop sucking their thumbs by the age of four. If it continues, parents should talk to their children’s dentists or doctors.
Dentists say children should have their first dental visit by the time they are one year old. They say babies should be examined when their first teeth appear, usually at around six months.
1. People should pay attention to teeth problems because ________.| A．they will bring bad luck |
| B．they will bring the family much trouble |
| C．they usually last a long time |
| D．they can cause other illnesses |
| A．he begins to speak | B．he was born |
| C．he has his first tooth | D．he is fed with a bottle |
| A．children’s toothbrushes are always expensive |
| B．children are not advised to brush their teeth |
| C．drinking water is better for babies’ teeth than milk before sleeping |
| D．thumb sucking is common for kids |
3 . Wisdom teeth seem like a biological mistake, leading to millions of surgeries per year. But for some people, these “extra” teeth come up just fine, while others don’t get them at all. What’s the biological story here?
According to the standard story, before surgical intervention, people with impacted wisdom teeth expired. Those lacking the problematic teeth increased in number, passing on genes for reduced numbers of teeth to future generations. Today, thanks to dental surgeons, individuals with impacted teeth survive and contribute to the gene pool.
But decades of research challenges this survival-of-the-toothless explanation. Many scholars now propose that wisdom teeth problems originate from our eating softer foods as children, made possible by farming and industrialization. Here’s the theory: Compared to wild resources consumed by hunter-gatherers, agricultural and processed foods are softer. Hard food during childhood seems to stimulate jaw growth, allowing mouths to grow large enough for more teeth. Soft food doesn’t require enough of a chewing workout to maximize jaw growth potential.
Around 12,000 years ago, humans began to experiment with farming, and this lifestyle ultimately took hold in most societies. Domesticated products, like wheat flour and cow’s milk, make for much softer diets than wild foods. What’s more, the industrialization of food production has really softened our meals. So the idea is that processed and/or agricultural diets reduce the stress on our jaws necessary to result in full growth when we reach early adulthood. By the time we’re reaching adulthood, there may not be enough space to accommodate our final molars (臼齿).
This theory is supported by research. For example, a 201l paper measured skulls housed in museums from six farming and five hunter-gatherer groups. The farmers, raised on softer foods, consistently had shorter jaws, which would have provided less space for tooth formation.
Consequently, many dental scientists recommend parents put some additional raw fruits, vegetables and nuts on kids’ plates, which could potentially prevent later wisdom teeth removals.
1. What does the underlined word “expired” in Paragraph 2 mean?| A．Suffered. | B．Complained. | C．Died. | D．Failed. |
| A．They tended to have very large jaws. |
| B．They hated food requiring a chewing workout. |
| C．They were often troubled by impacted wisdom teeth. |
| D．They believed in the survival-of-the-toothless theory. |
| A．Bring their kids to the dentist regularly. |
| B．Increase the number of hard foods in their kids’ diet. |
| C．Get more kids’ tooth formation knowledge. |
| D．Encourage their kids to eat more cooked vegetables. |
| A．What role do genes play in our tooth formation? |
| B．What can we do to accommodate our final molars? |
| C．Why do some people have reduced numbers of teeth? |
| D．Why do humans have wisdom teeth that need to be removed? |
4 . Scientists recently discovered that our brains may be just as busy at night as they are during the day. While we sleep, our brains are doing much more than getting ready for the next day. Scientists found that the brain may be busy cleaning out harmful waste materials.
As with many studies, scientists turned to mice for help. They studied the mice brains as they slept and when they were awake. They saw that the brains of sleeping mice were hard at work.
Dr. Maiken led the study. The brain expert says our brains perform two very different jobs. It seems they have daytime jobs. Later they “moonlight” at a nighttime job. And this study says that is what our brains seem to be doing. “When we are awake, the brain cells are working very hard at processing all the information around us. When we are asleep, they work very, very hard at removing all the waste that builds up when we are awake.” The scientists say that the waste material includes poisons.
They also found that during sleep, the brain’s cells become smaller, which allows waste to be removed more successfully. Dr. Maiken says these poisons end up in the liver(肝脏). There, they are broken down and then removed from the body. “So we need to sleep because we have a cleaning system that removes many of the poisonous waste products from the brain.”
Dr. Maiken says the next step is to look for the process in human brains. She says the results show how important sleep is to health and fighting disease. The research may also one day lead to treatments to prevent or help fight mental disorders(精神疾病).
1. According to the scientists, when we sleep, our brains .| A．clean themselves | B．turn off for the night |
| C．process information | D．store energy for the next day |
| A．you work in the moonlight | B．you work hard |
| C．you work only at night | D．you have an extra job |
| A．breaking it down | B．sending it to the liver |
| C．building it up in order | D．removing it from the body |
| A．Opposed. | B．Indifferent. | C．Supportive. | D．Critical. |
内容包括：问题的严重性；改进和预防措施等。
要求：
1. 词数 80 词左右；
2. 开头结尾已给出, 不计入总词数。
参考词汇：近视 nearsightedness
Dear teachers and fellow students,
It’s my great honour to stand here and present a speech. _____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all! Thanks for all your attention!
6 . You must think a computer is the best thing in the world, right? You must think it works at a super speed and can do everything? Well, it’s not! In fact, the brain is much more powerful than any super computer! Think about when a glass is just about to fall off the table. Your brain controls everything that you need to do to save that glass from falling. First your eyes check out what’s going on, then tell your brain, and your brain decides how quickly you need to react (反应), and then your muscles (肌肉) go into action. That is just from your brain. No computer could ever come close to that!
The brain weighs just 3 pounds, but it controls everything you do from thinking, learning, feeling even to breathing and your heart beating. Even though the brain is just 2% of your body weight, it uses around 20% of all your energy in your body. That is a lot for such a small organ. There are about 100 billion tiny, tiny little cells (细胞) in your brain. There are so many that it would take you over 3,000 years to count them all!
Your brain stops growing when you’re 18, but it actually keeps on developing and learning new things. So your parents are really super smart! You won’t be able to fool them! Believe it or not, your brain NEVER stops working. Even during sleeping, the brain works for long-term memory establishment. It is realized that the brain is the second organ in the body as the heart that never stops during human lives.
So everyone should be proud of such a gift of nature.
1. In Paragraph 1, the writer wants to tell us _________.| A．eyes and muscles react quickly |
| B．the brain controls everything in your body |
| C．the computer is the best thing in the world |
| D．the brain is more powerful than any computer |
| A．the body weight | B．2% of the body weight |
| C．all energy in the body | D．around 20% of the energy in the body |
| A．The brain doesn’t work during sleeping. |
| B．The brain is the only organ that never stops. |
| C．The brain keeps growing during human lives. |
| D．The brain keeps on developing during human lives. |
| A．Business Weekly. | B．Medicine. | C．Science. | D．Sports. |
7 . The tooth is the hardest part of your body. Your teeth help you in many ways. For example, they can help you talk. They can also help you have a great smile. And the most important job of your teeth is to chew (咀嚼) your food. But do you know how your teeth grow?
When you are born, you don’t have any teeth. About 8 months later, small teeth begin to appear one by one. These teeth are called baby teeth. They are also called milk teeth. You won’t have baby teeth forever. They usually begin to fall out when a child is about 6 years old. Then, permanent (永久的) teeth begin to appear. These teeth are larger and more powerful. Most people will have 28 permanent teeth by the time they are 12 years old.
For some people, four more permanent teeth arrive by their 25th birthday. They are called wisdom teeth (智齿). But these teeth don’t make you smart! Sometimes they bring you pain. If a wisdom tooth brings you too much pain, you should go to a dentist (牙医) and have it pulled out.
1. Which part of your body is the hardest?| A．The nose. | B．The tooth. | C．The leg. | D．The hand. |
| A．to prepare food | B．to cook food | C．to chew food | D．to protect food |
| A．Baby teeth. | B．Adult teeth. | C．False teeth. | D．Big teeth. |
| A．22. | B．24. | C．26. | D．28. |
| A．Go to a dentist and have it brushed. |
| B．Go to a dentist and have it pulled out. |
| C．Go to a dentist and have it cleaned. |
| D．Go to a dentist and have it examined. |
内容包括：学生近视的现状、改进和预防措施等。
要求：1.词数100词左右；2.开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇：近视nearsightedness
Dear teachers and fellow students:
It’s my great honour to stand here and present a speech about the worrying situation of nearsightedness among Chinese students.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That’s all! Thanks for all your attention!
1.学生近视率状况描述；
2.简单评论；
3.你的建议。
1.词数80左右；
2.短文题目和首句已为你写好，不计入总词数。
Protecting our eyes to enjoy a bright world
The health of children’s vision is facing a growing threat.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
1. 目前学生的近视现状；2. 保护眼睛的具体措施；3. 呼吁同学们保护眼睛。
注意：1. 词数应为80字左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 倡议书的开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数；
4. 参考词汇：myopia n. 近视 short-sighted adj. 近视的
Dear fellow students,
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Students’ union
