(1)H2S与CO2发生如下反应:H2S(g)+CO2(g)⇌COS(g)+H2O(g)△H相关的化学键键能数据如表:
化学键 | C=O(CO2) | C=O(COS) | C=S | H—O | H—S |
E/kJ•mol-1 | 803 | 739 | 577 | 465 | 399 |
(2)高温下CO可将SO2还原成硫蒸气:4CO(g)+2SO2(g)⇌4CO2(g)+S2(g) △H1<0。平衡时CO的体积分数(%)与温度和压强的关系如图所示(虚线框表示没有测定该条件下的数据)。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/11/14/2850952732540928/2877366836142080/STEM/0d80bad8-6a18-4567-a344-413b5a2c5c3e.png?resizew=452)
T1、T2、T3由大到小的关系是
(3)沥青混凝土可作为反应:2CO(g)+O2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e98feedde5546db26eb490641ba3a817.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/11/14/2850952732540928/2877366836142080/STEM/6219b15e-3f06-4122-a168-a07b697c7aab.png?resizew=463)
①在a、b、c、d四点中,未达到平衡状态的是
②已知c点时容器中O2浓度为0.04mol·L-1,则50℃时,在α型沥青混凝土中CO转化反应的平衡常数K=
③下列关于图象的说法正确的是
A.CO转化反应的平衡常数K(a)<K(c)
B.在均未达到平衡状态时,同温下β型沥青混凝土中CO转化速率比α型要大
C.b点时CO与O2分子之间发生有效碰撞的几率在整个实验过程中最高
D.e点转化率出现突变的原因可能是温度升高后催化剂失去活性
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(1)以
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/10/30/1ce5bb2b-463d-4797-8d89-10f29d29002f.png?resizew=64)
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![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/562d5985f000517164f888e6f322784b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cc1874c218112e03748ddc807df411c5.png)
(2)向刚性容器中充入
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4303a9ab55456a419263469d4c13a667.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6b6b00beb229d0bcc1e89e59940c26d1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a95d800b889e9e22aa00ec16b7f0a794.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cafb99f233029b6fa031d91d5de04e4b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/74dc643a4c15a22476fe4dd5bea0e951.png)
(3)某研究团队找到乙苯直接脱氢的高效催化剂,反应原理如图:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/10/30/5525cfe0-00b5-4756-84ad-476b56f29573.png?resizew=66)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/379e6263c1e59aeb6aa9f970df6af5f7.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/10/31/5e45ffb8-c54a-4b2d-8e4f-50a991097e1e.png?resizew=73)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/018649236f1f3ff49afd91e674277176.png)
①已知部分化学键键能数据如表所示:则
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/52460e3cfda44d9cbcf407818fd2d535.png)
共价键 | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() | ![]() |
键能/![]() | 347.7 | 413.4 | 615 | 436 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/92ef5c07c005f1a9f7f4587c9837fb32.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ace5042120b4bc5eb609344fe22fe5ab.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4ba655eb9e3bf5b0ba30a6e0d7298cb0.png)
③若
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1d59806dde71c8d2dd9e35b156de7bdb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ff4489d9b83072184c0e1d6b09be50ca.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/75bbf44099ea991d7a0538e2c3b1ec99.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ff4489d9b83072184c0e1d6b09be50ca.png)
(4)实验测得,乙苯脱氢的速率方程为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/da445bfd111cf0936c30969c8326c5d2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/31d594629669ec4eba513afdb1643f66.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/731c7dc8fd8225cc5dc76c4d666546ff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e68036437d056753bcf6f8f59fabf8c4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fbb983feceaf8c234621e0483ef0fc87.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3f698c40cbff0f6eeb3b25f03b46da5f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fbb983feceaf8c234621e0483ef0fc87.png)
Ⅰ.CO2加氢可以合成甲醇,该过程主要发生如下反应:
反应①:CO2(g)+H2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d30bd52fbc729100498b5300daf60350.png)
反应②:CO2(g)+3H2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d30bd52fbc729100498b5300daf60350.png)
反应③:CO(g)+2H2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d30bd52fbc729100498b5300daf60350.png)
(1)反应②的活化能Ea(正)
化学键 | H-H | C≡O | O-H | C=O |
键能/(kJ•mol-1) | 436 | 1071 | 464 | 803 |
Ⅱ.清洁能源的开发利用是实现“碳中和”的途径,乙醇—水催化重整可获得H2。其主要反应为:
反应①:C2H5OH(g)+3H2O=2CO2(g)+6H2(g) △H=+173.3kJ•mol-1
反应②:CO2(g)+H2(g)=CO(g)+H2O(g) △H=+41.2kJ•mol-1
在1.0×105Pa、n始(C2H5OH):n始(H2O)=1:3时,若仅考虑上述反应,平衡时CO2和CO的生成选择性及H2的产率随温度的变化如图所示。CO的选择性=
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/36820a73a971520a61e7a8257558aaaf.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/8/11/cc53276c-0f0e-4289-b074-98089148bce7.png?resizew=268)
(3)图中表示平衡时CO2的选择性及H2的产率随温度的变化的曲线分别是曲线
(4)光催化甲烷重整技术也是研究热点。以Rh/SrTiO3为光催化剂,光照时,价带失去电子并产生空穴(h+,具有强氧化性),CO2在导带获得电子生成CO和O2-,价带上CH4直接转化为CO和H2,反应机理如图所示:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/8/11/ceebfb82-c2e5-4bc7-935e-434bda8e0c96.png?resizew=406)
当价带产生1mol空穴(h+)时,在Rh表面生成的CO数目为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/10ef9345230dfa22e23b50f137342a55.png)
(1)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b0de2004767e4ba4eaa4b3289087a4be.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/081f71e7f1648136503418340daa5d91.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/32cbc9826b9d88bdb25c0920ce0417ec.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/00846105414467f9982858a130544d77.png)
I.链引发 | II.链传递 | III.链终止 |
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![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b0de2004767e4ba4eaa4b3289087a4be.png)
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![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ad6dabeccd4e090cf414bb5d364d4abb.png)
②不同卤原子自由基(X·)均可夺取
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9fb225b4d9fe4a7feec205cd035113aa.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/22e1324e1e9318481b6e7264c8595804.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2a8e192d2194089ce40e04769e54ffa5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e2211c3df4a88f9466c6f4669322973a.png)
A.当X为Cl时,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a9bd5ee2be851888a2f9a34eb2ed75e4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4b2a6bc4b5ef80a57a78c144749392c.png)
B.若X依次为F、Cl、Br、I,则
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/22e1324e1e9318481b6e7264c8595804.png)
③实验证实,若先将
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5d69d7191f7166d1c82e92bd9c6ef391.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5d69d7191f7166d1c82e92bd9c6ef391.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/00846105414467f9982858a130544d77.png)
(2)一定条件下,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/50dd5fc38100947ddbba68a3e09b0a3b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dc884c5797442e5ddb92de40c9ce4b66.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/12/2/781bd670-af1d-42de-980a-eb206419ad3e.png?resizew=268)
A.适当提高反应温度 B.适当调换催化剂
C.适当降低反应温度 D.适当改变反应物浓度
(3)甲烷部分催化氧化制备乙炔是目前研究的热点之一、反应原理为:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d0256ca30ae5d1888446be211478af29.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/690029d6f67a339dff133a608ce583d8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7982871cc37a5912b311930fb6393472.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3ed32214c012559bd9dc1f48aca0d9d7.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/12/2/39918642-670e-4202-b130-c710238a682b.png?resizew=183)
Fe2+
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8f2348edc999aa9ed73c96b502a260bf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f6cfdbe9bd2c425990d3143023622db5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0a5f9314c0d350051f565f2041c0c02f.png)
回答下列有关问题:
(1)Fe与过量稀硫酸反应可以制取FeSO4。若用反应所得的酸性溶液,实现上述①的转化,要求产物纯净。可选用的试剂是
a.Cl2 b.Fe c.HNO3 d.H2O2
(2)上述转化得到的硫酸铁可用于电化浸出黄铜矿精矿工艺。精矿在阳极浸出的反应比较复杂,其中有一主要反应:CuFeS2+4Fe3+=Cu2++5Fe2++2S。
则下列说法正确的是
a.从物质分类的角度看,黄铜矿属于合金
b.反应中,所有铁元素均被还原
c.反应中,CuFeS2既作氧化剂又作还原剂
d.当转移1mol电子时,有46 g CuFeS2参加反应
(3)下述反应中,若FeSO4和O2的系数比为2:1,试配平下列方程式:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/370f60b08759485072f1e43237788b0f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e45c6adeac48e47517b18b946a06d897.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e45c6adeac48e47517b18b946a06d897.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/370f60b08759485072f1e43237788b0f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e45c6adeac48e47517b18b946a06d897.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e45c6adeac48e47517b18b946a06d897.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e45c6adeac48e47517b18b946a06d897.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e45c6adeac48e47517b18b946a06d897.png)
(4)高铁酸钾(K2FeO4)是一种新型、高效的绿色水处理剂,在水中发生反应生成氢氧化铁胶体。高铁酸钾作为水处理剂发挥的作用是
Ⅱ.在100℃时,将0.100 mol的四氧化二氮气体充入1 L恒容抽真空的密闭容器中,发生反应:N2O4
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de4ac184aef047428370bf877105fa50.png)
时间(s) | 0 | 20 | 40 | 60 | 80 |
c(N2O4)/mol/L | 0.100 | c1 | 0.050 | c3 | c4 |
c(NO2)/mol/L | 0.000 | 0.060 | c2 | 0.120 | 0.120 |
(6)在下图中画出并标明此反应中N2O4和NO2的浓度随时间变化的曲线
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2015/3/11/1576174421999616/1576174422556672/STEM/6e1bb046fe904746bb6b2c28e6663dac.png?resizew=204)
(7)在上述条件下,从反应开始至达到化学平衡时,N2O4的平均反应速率为
(8)达平衡后下列条件的改变可使NO2气体浓度增大的是
A.增大容器的容积 B.再充入一定量的N2O4
C.分离出一定量的NO2 D.再充入一定量的He
(9)若起始时充入NO2气体0.080 mol,则达到平衡时NO2气体的转化率为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f8ee03f651a70dac0aa64bf1323f74cd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1e762a80c1216318892c2155bef79681.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f6287dab91a4428da92c3ce8f5550973.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/aeedad636312e502f444124d84ac4338.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f8ee03f651a70dac0aa64bf1323f74cd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2028e243c5501e239efe4b5f7be6e89a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f8ee03f651a70dac0aa64bf1323f74cd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e55aaedf9c25c30fbe551fe7539ea330.png)
(1)单质铁与
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/aeedad636312e502f444124d84ac4338.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f8ee03f651a70dac0aa64bf1323f74cd.png)
(2)铁酸盐与亚铁酸盐反应后,其溶液酸碱性测定的简便方法:用洁净玻璃棒
(3)水热法制备
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f8ee03f651a70dac0aa64bf1323f74cd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f8ee03f651a70dac0aa64bf1323f74cd.png)
(4)上述工业制法中①氯化铁转化为铁黄
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/91e221c46a81a705b05b9b45bdc2d2be.png)
(5)①人教版教材(化学必修
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bdaa19de263700a15fcf213d64a8cd57.png)
A.将酒精灯固定在铁粉部位加热
B.在湿棉花部位加热(使水汽化)
C.导管插入肥皂液中,用火柴点燃肥皂泡(气体先试纯)
D.先从肥皂液中撤出导管,再移去酒精灯后盖灭
②该实验关键点主要是
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/566edd5feab71f8f01099869da092723.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8e9807b28e410cc31a7fade476b4afc4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/993b8ae75f3f9d3e19468c0840bef4e9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/197c6e062c3336b88479126a9d59209c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6dcd143a57a268a5a8ef486e2a4d5c0a.png)
(1)使用甲醇汽油可以减少汽车尾气对环境的污染。工业上在200℃和10MPa的条件下可用甲烷和氧气通过铜制管道反应制得甲醇,已知一定条件下,CH4和CH3OH的燃烧热分别784kJ/mol和628kJ/mol则2CH4(g)+O2(g)=2CH3OH(g) △H=
(2)二甲醚也是清洁能源。用合成气在催化剂存在下制备二甲醚的反应原理为:2CO(g)+4H2(g)⇌CH3OCH3(g) +H2O(g) △H<0。
①某温度下,将2.0molCO(g)和6.0molH2(g)充入容积为2L的密闭容器中,反应到达平衡时,改变压强和温度,平衡体系中CH3OCH3(g)的物质的量分数变化情况如图所示,关于温度和压强的关系判断正确的是
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/5/17/d5653d5c-181e-4d10-8016-5c731fa5fe88.png?resizew=265)
A.P3>P2,T3>T2
B.P1>P3,T1>T3
C.P1>P4,T2>T3
D.P2>P4,T4>T2
②在恒容密闭容器里按体积比为1:3充入一氧化碳和氢 气,一定条件下反应达到平衡状态.当改变反应的某一个条件后,下列变化能说明平衡一定向逆反应方向移动的是
A.氢气的转化率减小 B.逆反应速率先增大后减小
C.化学平衡常数K值增大 D.反应物的体积百分含量增大
(3)汽车尾气净化的主要原理为:2NO(g)+2CO(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a22babab65321c27ae0f78b3175431c2.png)
①200K、pPa时,在一个容积为2L的恒温密闭容器中充入1.5molNO和2.0molCO,开始反应至2min时测得CO转化率为30%,则用N2表示的平均反应速率为υ(N2)=
②该反应在低温下能自发进行,该反应的ΔH
③在某一绝热、恒容的密闭容器中充入一定量的NO、CO发生上述反应,测得正反应的速率随时间变化的曲线如图所示(已知:t2-t1=t3-t2)则下列说法不正确的是
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/5/17/3d790835-46f7-4b0c-8097-384ba799206a.png?resizew=166)
A.反应在c点未达到平衡状态
B.反应速率a点小于b点
C.反应物浓度a点大于b点
D.NO的转化率:t1~t2 > t2~t3
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d30bd52fbc729100498b5300daf60350.png)
(1)已知:①SO2(g)+Cl2(g)+SCl2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d30bd52fbc729100498b5300daf60350.png)
②SO2Cl2+SCl2(g)=2SOCl2(g)△H2=﹣bkJ•mol﹣1
③a>b>0则△H=
(2)为了提高该反应中Cl2的平衡转化率,下列措施合理的是
a.缩小容器体积 b.使用催化剂 c.增加SO2浓度 d.升高温度
(3)若在绝热、恒容的密闭体系中,投入一定量SO2和Cl2,发生该反应,下列示意图能说明t1时刻反应达到平衡状态的是
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/5/28/a4a6c5f2-d4d2-4f59-a121-29f3bacae073.png?resizew=379)
(4)若在催化剂作用下,将nmolSO2与nmolCl2充入容积可变的密闭容器中,并始终保持温度为T,压强为P.起始时气体总体积为10L,t min时反应达到平衡状态,此时气体总体积为8L.
①在容积改变的条件下,反应速率可用单位时间内反应物或生成物的物质的量变化来表示.则υ(SO2)=
②此温度下,该反应的K=
③相同条件下,若将0.5nmolSO2与0.5nmolCl2充入该容器,到达平衡状态时,混合物中SO2Cl2的物质的量是
(5)该反应的产物SO2Cl2遇水发生剧烈水解生成两种强酸,写出其化学方程式
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2018/2/8/1877904860168192/1896180044308480/STEM/4eb5b6dc-66d4-4afa-b903-1281335edeca.png?resizew=79)
已知:①C2H4(g)+3O2(g)=2CO2(g)+2H2 ΔH1=a kJ/mol;
②2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(1)ΔH2=bkJ/mol;
③H2O(1)=H2O(g) ΔH3=c kJ/mol;
请回答:
(1)ΔH=
(2)在催化剂[Fe3(CO)12/ZSM-5]、空速1200 h-1 条件下,温度、压强、氢碳比[n(H2)/n(CO2)=x]对CO2平衡转化率及温度对催化效率影响如图1所示。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2018/2/8/1877904860168192/1896180044308480/STEM/23e4b535-0df5-42f0-ad21-736bc637efff.png?resizew=699)
①下列有关说法正确的是
A.ΔH>0
B.增大氢碳比,可以提高CO2的平衡转化率
C.温度低于300℃时,随温度升高乙烯的产率增大
D.平衡常数:K(M)>K(N)
E.为提高CO2的平衡转化率,工业生产中应在尽可能低的温度下合成乙烯
②M点时,CO2的平衡转化率为2/3,则此时平衡体系中乙烯的体积分数为
③工业生产中压强一般控制在2.1~2.6 MPa之间,理由是
(3)恒温(300℃),在体积为1L的恒容容器中以n(H2)/n(CO2)=3的投料比加入反应物,至t1时达到平衡。t2时将容器体积瞬间扩大至2 L并保持不变,t3时重新达平衡。在图2中绘制0~t4时间段内,容器内混合气体的平均相对分子质量(M)随时间(t)变化的图象。
(1)机动车尾气随意排放会造成CO、NO对大气的污染,尾气中CO、NO的含量是机动车年检的重要指标之一、已知热化学方程式如下:
I.2CO(g) +O2(g)= 2CO2(g) ΔH1= -556.0kJ·mol-1;
Ⅱ.N2(g) +O2(g)= 2NO(g) ΔH2= +180.5 kJ·mol-1 ;
Ⅲ.2NO(g) +2CO(g)=N2(g) +2CO2(g) ΔH3 。
①ΔH3 =
②在某容积为2.00L的密闭容器中按照
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/532bed9c447613b26ea54a1558a710b5.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/2/4/2650729680003072/2650862620860416/STEM/972c7804-d436-43a1-939c-550732cdb301.png?resizew=306)
曲线n所代表的压强
(2)在容积为1.00 L的密闭容器中,充入4 mol H2和1 mol CO2,发生下列可逆反应:CO2(g) +4H2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e98feedde5546db26eb490641ba3a817.png)
T/℃ | 100 | 150 | 200 | 250 | 300 | 350 |
转化率/% | 0.64 | 0.58 | 0.53 | 0.50 | 0.48 | 0.47 |
①N2(g)+O2(g)=2NO(g) △H1= +180.5 kJ•mol-1
②4NH3(g)+5O2(g)=4NO(g)+6H2O(g) △H2=-905 kJ•mol-1
③2H2(g)+O2(g)=2H2O(g) △H3=-483.6 kJ•mol-1
请写出N2和H2在高温、高压、催化剂条件下生成NH3的热化学方程式
(2)在一定温度下,某恒容密闭容器中,发生反应:2X(g)+Y(g)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2017/9/1/1764776581218304/1765417611042816/STEM/b47d9f00b3a1420aba6eb6229b4f766c.png?resizew=33)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2017/9/1/1764776581218304/1765417611042816/STEM/9940686db9cc451192a5d3f60f8e1691.png?resizew=248)
①从反应开始到4min时平衡,Y的平均反应速率为
②根据图中数据,4min时的平衡常数K=
③若使重新平衡时体系中c(X)=c(Z),则改变的条件为
④若某时刻,V正(Y)=2V逆(Z),则反应
⑤图中a、b点对应的正反应速率大小关系为Va
【推荐2】甲醇是一种可再生能源,具有开发和应用的广阔前景,用Pt/Al2O3、Pd/C、Rh/SiO2作催化剂都可以采用如下反应来合成甲醇:2H2(g)+CO(g)CH3OH(g)
(1)下表所列数据是各化学键的键能:
化学键 | H-H | C=O | C-H | C-O | O-H |
键能/(kJ●mol-1) | a | b | c | d | e |
则反应2H2(g)+CO(g)CH3OH(g)的△H=
(2)三种不同催化剂作用时,CO的转化率如图1所示,则最适合作催化剂的是
(3)某化学研究性学习小组模拟工业合成甲醇的反应,在2 L的恒容密闭容器内充入2 mol H2和1molCO,加入合适催化剂后在某温度下开始反应,并用压力计监测容器内压强的变化如下:
反应时间/min | 0 | 5 | 10 | 15 | 20 | 25 |
压强/MPa | 12.6 | 10.8 | 9.5 | 8.7 | 8.4 | 8.4 |
则从反应开始到20 min时,CO的平均反应速率为
(4)近日,美国Neah和Novellusnn公司宣布,两家公司合作开发了多孔硅甲醇直接燃料电池,其工作原理如图所示。
①石墨2为
②石墨1极发生的电极反应式为
【推荐3】利用Ag作催化剂可实现乙烯高选择性制备环氧乙烷( ),涉及反应如下:
主反应:(
)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/034b35b39862e23dbecafe873679e64c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1dcecac0dc0928d249fa062d9e05b709.png)
(1)已知
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ca8903af04b60c74d75388bf414443c1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4448a49aa9e4a90619f8e0807f9cdffa.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/9/13/4184b0e3-19fc-4165-9d65-7669ef3dc78d.png?resizew=40)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c10a14983f0d9a703fc3abcee6b8b906.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4ac654fe472424d71de11da0f8a9cc69.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/14d7083610c69e55d959b9b8678e8543.png)
(2)一定条件下,向1L密闭容器中通入
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8451960785bcd03c0f9c6c7d7600d3b2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1a68c222dfbf51836e5a25ed0091a7da.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/9/13/fdc6b455-c15b-4bcf-ad55-320dfc61fb7b.png?resizew=35)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/9/13/f06c8959-cac5-4539-b001-3b3fb080a300.png?resizew=48)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/9/13/9dfadf1d-e165-4496-93c1-d80f8127e842.png?resizew=48)
(3)以上过程反应机理如下:
反应Ⅰ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a893389c8a350ac468f2eecefd05f83e.png)
反应Ⅱ:(
)
快
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f581893334dec27492cf17adfa35dac5.png)
一定能够提高主反应反应速率的措施有___________(填标号)。
A.升高温度 | B.通入惰性气体 |
C.增大![]() | D.增大![]() |
(4)加入1,2-二氯乙烷会发生
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/56aa7cf27963025fbc4ff2a74ebfddca.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/9/13/49d87804-7de8-45af-9ab6-8de7618b9d8d.png?resizew=52)
1,2-二氯乙烷能使 产量先增加后降低的原因是
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/07a7d5745ba76b315167f829095c0ae2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2ea123190b1c0c782316bf91cf5adc4f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/69964d477e399b86b9259e1899920522.png)
①
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/46b0b0d747c597e270ef76e4b0f3ea69.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/09b51ee6fe038c30ffb16019af67a9fe.png)
②1L氨水中至少含有
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ae21324edd09eafb7e0e58ad730f565d.png)