(1)已知一定条件下,发生反应:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0e1007ddeb61184ec71f3e1fc77356be.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/55ddd907352566f9f247b278c66a5ce0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c165cedaa74b707365aa964cd80c61d2.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/36ea8d94e4324ea046ec4a2ae4292276.png)
该条件下,水煤气(CO与H2的混合气体)转化成甲醇的热化学方程式是
(2)工业上使用水煤气转化成甲醇,CO的平衡转化率与温度、压强的关系如图所示:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2024/3/13/aa8563f9-1601-4e29-b87a-1831aae8afb1.png?resizew=235)
①要使A点变到B点除增大压强外还可以
②A、C两点的平衡转化率相等的原因是
③C点条件下假设压强为P2千帕,往容器内充入1molCO与2.5molH2发生反应。平衡时H2的体积分数是
(3)工业上也可以用CO2和H2合成甲醇:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f72ae9f00dcd20c3de61c17719ae5aff.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e0b6bd0b7cb08fb2a32ecb05ec18fc66.png)
容器 | 甲 | 乙 | 丙 | |
起始反应物投入量 | 3molH2(g) 1molCO2(g) | 1molCH3OH(g) 1molH2O(g) | 2molCH3OH(g) 2molH2O(g) | |
平衡数据 | ![]() | c1 | c2 | c3 |
反应的能量变化/kJ | x | y | z | |
体系压强/Pa | p1 | p2 | p3 | |
反应物转化率 | a1 | a2 | a3 |
②下列说法正确的是
A. 2c2<c3 B. z>2y,x=y C. p3<2p1 D. a1=a2
③若反应
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ba03a642f4a2b0890438d055907531e2.png)
A.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/038abe8037b4c4a7c5a0644d75cc028e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8a6e5aa411a5cc1ccd780e6dc38dac7a.png)
C.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/315cc475b58599300ccb6d6bcd43f515.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1c8284c239756728607f737f44260344.png)
该反应进行由慢到快的顺序为
相似题推荐
(1)已知:900 K时,4HCl(g)+O2(g)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2018/6/11/1965007430434816/1965801221914625/STEM/a21a856e576a4f7db8a8ff38599a5048.png?resizew=32)
①该反应是放热还是吸热,判断并说明理由
②900 K时,体积比为4:l的HCl和O2在恒温恒容的密闭容器中发生反应,HCl的平衡转化率α(HCl) 随压强(P)变化曲线如图。保持其他条件不变,升温到T K(假定反应历程不变),请画出压强在1.5×l05~4.5×105Pa范围内,HCl的平衡转化率α(HCl)随压强(P)变化曲线示意图
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2018/6/11/1965007430434816/1965801221914625/STEM/d97caf5a293344188acabe317d3b7d4e.png?resizew=263)
(2)已知:Cl2(g)+2NaOH(aq)==NaCl(aq)+NaClO(aq)+H2O(l) △Hl=―102 kJ·mol-1
3Cl2(g)+6NaOH(aq)==5NaCl(aq)+NaClO3(aq)+3H2O(1) △H2=―422 kJ·mol—1
①写出在溶液中NaClO分解生成NaClO3的热化学方程式
②用过量的冷NaOH溶液吸收氯气,制得NaClO溶液(不含NaClO3),此时ClO―的浓度为c0 mol·L-1;加热时NaClO转化为NaClO3,测得t时刻溶液中ClO―浓度为ct mol·L-1,写出该时刻溶液中Cl―浓度的表达式;c(Cl―)=
③有研究表明,生成NaClO3的反应分两步进行:
I、2ClO―=ClO2―+Cl―
II、ClO2―+ClO―=ClO3―+Cl―
常温下,反应II能快速进行,但氯气与NaOH溶液反应很难得到NaClO3,试用碰撞理论解释其原因:
(3)电解NaClO3水溶液可制备NaClO4。在电解过程中由于阴极上吸附氢气,会使电解电压升高,电解效率下降。为抑制氢气的产生,可选择合适的物质(不引入杂质),写出该电解的总化学方程式
(1)以
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/dbe2066525aa0616cf44d051d57bf713.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
反应Ⅰ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e03bae2c8d02aa192774a3e8c116d44d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6fbb5d519f981a09188dc18a765e8c43.png)
反应Ⅱ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/11131179594d7c01fba8298dc2c7d97d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/414b9cb9eafc1fe381a5c257188a63e2.png)
总反应Ⅲ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/66a27e29d3068d65d9e256c53b9959cc.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4a54395d28d4813e85e76a614d85e958.png)
①反应Ⅰ的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac4fe034ddc5dc5c445012d675b82738.png)
②一定温度下,恒容的密闭容器中按化学计量数比投料进行反应Ⅲ,下列能说明反应Ⅲ达到化学平衡状态的是
A.容器内气体总压强不再变化B.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/98183b7becdd0efb6fe8f57cdcbce983.png)
C.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0667e4e0519186ed49d5ff04b0604361.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/46ad4fc17d0c84a5c6f17ba64aff8349.png)
(2)利用工业废气中的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/72c0cf5a3cbf719fa0ac2ce6d5f50886.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fd22b38b2826d9ea0c76f5ffd300c1a5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/99f54f19fd88e44fe8edb979945b4154.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/6/28/2752822092750848/2753338927620096/STEM/91f6aa42c93045d78858e6e35e59dd75.png?resizew=327)
①b点v(正)
②温度为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5b5dbb89f0be5d12b65dff43848b1bcf.png)
③若某温度下反应已达平衡,下列措施中有利于提高
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
A.使用高效催化剂B.不断分离出产物C.提高原料气中
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
(3)电解法转化
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/6/28/2752822092750848/2753338927620096/STEM/bdefa342f2ae4510b84b233afe7d3728.png?resizew=238)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
(1)已知25℃和101
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8d06ee61e4cb925cb80f41de2564ada0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/85973e3cffda90b16b2ac900d7f914fd.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/22c92fe9e3654ed47071c61f93743718.png)
②
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/521981899ff2eb449d1f8f58a6217903.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cc36e17ae25f5b5c3abdbedce82ee0ea.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/fc63f4ff56d620439274e389636d1306.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ac3ee54e0dfa6e778fc314a581012f44.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/abe3e0c1847bd9a8840bcb369559d3c9.png)
则
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b6b3a44a7efb790c21664bfbb2b2f5d4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5afc5962491ce417adbfad8bda069383.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cc36e17ae25f5b5c3abdbedce82ee0ea.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4b2a6bc4b5ef80a57a78c144749392c.png)
(2)控制起始时
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f51af1378973d3e0251d51c411fa9790.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/391a957de2735befb32f01ec7370d4d5.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/00f3b70fb245a7c67599849b2321b2b7.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/005347070dffab62c10dba68c72af84e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/bd15a5838bffefc5fa8895d0107aad76.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/10/23/29207724-9dc0-43fc-b0de-28f60e1a39e5.png?resizew=248)
①平衡时
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
②温度高于500℃时,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
(3)催化制氢是目前大规模制取氢气的方法之一:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cafb99f233029b6fa031d91d5de04e4b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4b47c4b2ad0acfebf749bf932bc7e971.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4b2a6bc4b5ef80a57a78c144749392c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e9a724b59c890095baa5cb73e267c44.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/28d2bac56d876662d223f34aca2d5c95.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/28d2bac56d876662d223f34aca2d5c95.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/98183b7becdd0efb6fe8f57cdcbce983.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9de4ef43589e7307b89b46698376851a.png)
①反应平衡常数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/09b51ee6fe038c30ffb16019af67a9fe.png)
②保持K不变,提高
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e5a122e25cf4eb9f03ffe5ec823bfc31.png)
③由
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4e9a724b59c890095baa5cb73e267c44.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/db010c9013d9b6e3af963de18a007c43.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/46facad5f3d3ee762595f02b25f32007.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/db010c9013d9b6e3af963de18a007c43.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/708c4b2bd55e54648f6919de82bfcdfa.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/10/23/89dc495c-12b3-412c-a052-699cdda77461.png?resizew=313)
(4)近年来,生物电催化技术运用微生物电解池实现了
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/10/23/099d499a-57f1-455c-9595-b3a904857aa5.png?resizew=194)
①微生物电解池实现
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
②如果处理有机物[
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d4f5d9f9b31078bf003b1501948a640a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4eab9bcb68861b73f12a65eb9e94700d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/eff19349a80467d65564cc2953f0c978.png)
(1)热化学碘硫循环脱硫,涉及以下三个反应:
bunsen反应:SO2(g)+I2(g)+2H2O(l)═2HI (g)+H2SO4(l) △H
硫酸分解反应:2H2SO4(l)=2SO2(g)+O2(g)+2H2O(l) △H=+462kJ·mol-1
碘化氢分解反应:2HI( g)=H2( g)+I2( g)△H=+10kJ·mol-1
已知氢气的燃烧热为286kJ·mol-1,则bunsen反应的△H=
(2)在活性炭催化下,SO2与Cl2发生反应:SO2(g)+Cl2(g)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2018/3/13/1901453569654784/1905351273365504/STEM/ec122e2edbd747f6ba931b702d09a715.png?resizew=33)
①SO2Cl2能与水发生非氧化还原反应,生成两种酸,则这两种酸的化学式为
②下列事实中,不能作为判断硫元素和氯元素非金属性强弱的依据是
A.硫化氢的分解温度为300℃左右,氯化氢1500℃才分解
B.氢硫酸(H2S的水溶液)是一种弱酸,盐酸是强酸
C. 将氯气通入氢硫酸中,溶液中产生黄色浑浊
D.高氯酸在无机含氧酸中酸性最强
③该 温 度下,SO2 的平衡转化率α1=
④下列措施中不能进一步提高氯气的平衡转化率的是
A.平衡后将容器的体积压缩为4L B.增大二氧化硫的浓度
C.升高温度 D.将SO2Cl2 (g )液化分离
⑤若向该容器中初始投入SO2和Cl2的物质的量均为0.5nmol,则达到平衡时SO2的平衡转化率:α2
时间/S | 0 | 10 | 20 | 30 | 40 | 50 |
n(NO)/mol | 0.2 | 0.1 | 0.08 | 0.07 | 0.07 | 0.07 |
(1)用O2表示从0~20s内该反应的速率为
(2)若升温到850℃,平衡后n(NO)= n(NO2),则该反应是
(3)若改变某一条件,达新平衡时n(NO)= 0.06 mol,下列说法正确的是
A.平衡一定正向移动
B.可能是向容器中加入了一定量的NO气体
C.可能是缩小了容器的体积
(4)假设在一定条件下0.2molNO气体与氧气反应,达到平衡时测得放出热量akJ,此时NO转化率为80%,写出在此条件下该反应的热化学方程式
(5)等温时,a、b容器开始体积相等,各充入2molNO和1molO2,平衡时NO的转化率a
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/10/bae8ab69-c04d-49d6-8d26-c702a1e9d081.png?resizew=155)
(1)下图是一定温度和压强下,N2和H2反应生成1molNH3过程中能量变化示意图,则N2(g)+3H2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de4ac184aef047428370bf877105fa50.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/27/eda4b0ba-15f9-4a57-8f9e-ac6383209da9.png?resizew=197)
(2)根据最新“人工固氮”的研究报道,在常温、常压、光照条件下,N2在催化剂(掺有少量Fe2O3的TiO2)表面与水发生下列反应: N2(g)+3H2O(l)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de4ac184aef047428370bf877105fa50.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4b8503f4706b8321e4e79a87eadea84.png)
T/K | 303 | 313 | 323 |
NH3生成量/(10-6mol) | 4.8 | 5.9 | 6.0 |
此合成反应中,a
(3)某温度下,体积均为0.25L的两个恒容密闭容器中发生下列反应:N2(g)+3H2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/34622740e762a24934a88d105cdc0906.png)
容器 编号 | 起始时各物质的物质的量/mol | 反应达平衡时的焓变 | ||
N2 | H2 | NH3 | ||
A | 1 | 3 | 0 | △H1=-23.1 kJ·mol-1 |
B | 0.9 | 2.7 | 0.2 | △H2 |
容器B中反应达到平衡状态时的反应热△H2=
(1)在一定温度下,向体积固定的密闭容器中加入足量的C(s)和1mol
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6e9b0547b553bc0c6d94299341006c14.png)
I.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4c98981620a609a1021e7d4f17f96abe.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8520f599ac3790918cb1b2f5e9f6ad00.png)
II.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0b2068dce2c8152fc5a28e3f1df0c802.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/44d7158e7c72ad27b027c36eee0704e2.png)
①反应I在该温度下能够自发进行的原因为
②
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e110e6dbe0f23d167e22940e3ea99a33.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/96d529dd8302544058eb2930a98a7d71.png)
③下列说法正确的是
A.将炭块粉碎,可加快反应速率
B.平衡时向容器中充入惰性气体,反应I的平衡逆向移动
C.混合气体的密度保持不变时,说明反应体系已达到平衡
D.平衡时
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/750859dd7d5b821d909e6a32c11095cf.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4c8b45edad1f59a7454739675fd2de55.png)
④反应平衡时,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6e9b0547b553bc0c6d94299341006c14.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/382c83347f6ca8b053aaddc20e2e0623.png)
(2)一种脱除和利用水煤气中
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b7e654446d9bc028539811519726cd0f.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/11/6/73014451-1f49-43ec-bc71-61c518c99c43.png?resizew=588)
①某温度下,吸收塔中
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/63bb4f47ab47f09807918f4972fbe6a1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b7e654446d9bc028539811519726cd0f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3ba06ac7aeb7fe1045375701c2493e26.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/065e3dd567b4b629e3e6ad65193aa352.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/ef85c3d5928aeaa05ca5abaa38a63b64.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/26509ca68e2e01835d7cb33709741da6.png)
②再生塔中产生
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b7e654446d9bc028539811519726cd0f.png)
③利用电化学原理,将
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b7e654446d9bc028539811519726cd0f.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/49662a5a87cc16ff17ce89f2e1dc276b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
反应Ⅰ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/72c0cf5a3cbf719fa0ac2ce6d5f50886.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/37b5054c4d3b68f12912fced66201fc2.png)
反应Ⅱ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/734142aa308989b706f37400a2a6cc27.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/affc2de4968fae6b46918e17e0019443.png)
反应Ⅲ:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1d340b882d90e9489786e7533767705d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c4a19bf0fbfa5688088d8cc4c412a1d0.png)
回答下列问题:
(1)反应Ⅱ的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/db508d4c689e877c2fb7af1dc1bafb07.png)
(2)恒温恒容密闭容器中,对于反应Ⅱ,下列说法中能说明该反应达到化学平衡状态的是
A. 混合气体的密度不再变化
B.混合气体的平均相对分子质量不再变化
C.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d4d1f1e78b8ee320c79a71d3308b8db0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/98183b7becdd0efb6fe8f57cdcbce983.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/55105abb6b8eb4e934e8136ab65450f1.png)
D.甲醇的百分含量不再变化
(3)对于反应Ⅰ,不同温度对
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/1/2/2627586554699776/2630453325905920/STEM/a505a52ef4334e169c86b10f4e2cb8f6.png?resizew=426)
A.其他条件不变,若不使用催化剂,则
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2b8034dc11cd61db2883c1449896610a.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/07d13d6a6b4c974a8fe245df6534bff0.png)
B.温度低于250℃时,随温度升高甲醇的产率减小
C.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/29bcdd8c05cd04f46c6f4ba8aa3cb1d0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/cad135b14c9dcd83eab6618d7694c7b0.png)
D.实际反应应尽可能在较低的温度下进行,以提高
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
(4)若在
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b54fef3fe3968e7c106ee83221f17fe4.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d9d0156751e713eea201e6ef1238404c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c68094bc44dd9973c8ec40023111bfb8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/276544dddf27f079144b8db1e570b9ed.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d488285d04edb3f65c1a182a57da952b.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5547f6339f968a7af10c5c0c781308a9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/382c83347f6ca8b053aaddc20e2e0623.png)
(5)甲醇燃料电池的工作原理如图所示,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/aaab0619213938b7f55769c7540abdf8.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/674e31dbbc3c338972a2fa85d588afae.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/1/2/2627586554699776/2630453325905920/STEM/1dde10188d3046968e5f165e75f5b1ec.png?resizew=263)
【推荐3】CO、CO2、CH4等含碳化合物的综合利用是当今科技的重点研究对象之一。
(1)双功能催化剂的催化作用,突破了低温下水煤气转换[CO(g)+H2O(g)=CO2(g)+H2(g) ΔH]时高转化率与高反应速率不能兼得的难题。反应过程示意图如下:
下列说法正确的是
A.过程I、过程II、过程皿均为吸热反应
B.图示的三个过程都与H2O有关
C.图示的三个过程中均有极性共价键的断裂和生成
D.使用催化剂降低了整个水煤气变换反应过程的ΔH
(2)已知:
①2NO(g)+2CO(g)=N2(g)+2CO2(g) ΔH=-746kJ·mol-1
②N2(g)+O2(g)=2NO(g) ΔH=+180kJ·mol-1
表示CO燃烧热的热化学方程式为
(3)某催化剂的M型、N型均可催化反应2CO(g)+O2(g)=2CO2(g),向容积相同的恒容密闭容器中分别充入等物质的量的CO和O2,在相同时间段内,不同温度下测得CO的转化率(α)如图所示。
①图中a、b、c、d、e五个点对应状态下,反应速率最慢的是
②N型催化剂条件下,从a点到e点,CO的转化率先增大,后减小,e点时突然减小的原因为
③若b点容器中c(O2)=0.4mol·L-1,则T℃时该反应的平衡常数K=
(4)在一定条件下,CH4(g)+CO2(g)=2H2(g)+2CO(g),可制得合成气H2和CO。在2L密闭容器中充入CO2和CH4,使其物质的量浓度均为0.5mol·L-1,达到平衡时CO的体积分数为X,若恒温恒容下,向平衡体系中再充入1mol CO2和1mol CH4。回答下列问题:
①化学平衡
②再次平衡时,CO的体积分数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/68cb56d65b4a22a15747cf10c9d6a847.png)
(1)该反应的化学平衡常数表达式是K=
(2)该反应的化学平衡常数K与温度T的关系如下表所示:
T/K | 473 | 573 | 673 | … |
K | 4.4×10﹣2 | K1 | K2 | … |
(3)合成氨在农业和国防中有很重要的意义,在实际工作生成中,常采用下列措施,其中可以用勒夏特列原理解释的是
①采用较高温度(400℃~500℃) ②采用较高压强(20MPa~50MPa)
③用铁触媒加快化学反应速率 ④将生成的氨液化并及时从体系中分离出来
II.工业生产尿素的原理是以NH3和CO2为原料合成尿素[CO(NH2)2],反应的化学方程式为:2NH3(g)+CO2(g)⇌CO(NH2)2(l)+H2O(l) △H<0,
(1)将2molNH3和1molCO2投到一温度恒定、体积恒定的容器中进行反应,一段时间后可判断该可逆反应达到化学平衡状态的标志是
a.2v正(NH3)=v逆(CO2) b.混合气体的密度不再改变
c.混合气体的平均相对分子质量不再改变 d.CO2、NH3的体积分数均不再变化
(2)在一定温度和压强下,若原料气中的NH3和CO2的物质的量之比(氨碳比)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/272a3ebc3c470180dae60edbbf7b8c46.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2022/10/26/db709165-0f5e-4806-a34a-3e2d21a974fb.png?resizew=242)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
I.回收利用
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/6/200e3003-f821-46a7-a943-7acf33ed2f53.png?resizew=223)
(1)反应A为
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5be8b551397178d862f961e7d59fa53c.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
已知:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/b9baaa1fefaec9fac7d7f636831bdaa6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/1734d6e9978911cc79102a8ce88314a6.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/4f5f03a386f8c19523522c5ff640e356.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/73a6998a3c0c4422aa30236717a82ce3.png)
反应A的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/96d529dd8302544058eb2930a98a7d71.png)
(2)将原料气按
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2bd92ae4c43764f6141a5611d2c6cda1.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/98183b7becdd0efb6fe8f57cdcbce983.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/6/5897c53f-4d31-4a13-afa1-5a20a304d314.png?resizew=226)
①理论上,能提高
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
a.降温
b.缩小容器体积
c.向容器中冲入Ar,增大压强
d.提高原料气中
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
②空间站的反应器内,通常采用反应器前段加热,后段冷却的方法来提高
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
(3)下列关于空间站内物质和能量变化的说法中,不正确的是
a.反应B的主要能量变化是“电能→化学能”或“光能→化学能”
b.物质转化中O、H原子的利用率均为100%
c.不用
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/43e0b8564c0452cfe22da57a231c3c09.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/43e0b8564c0452cfe22da57a231c3c09.png)
(4)用
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/909e7680b641e2f7e88f150813439aa7.png)
II.利用
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7d65b4ee503850a89ea6d36254edeb9d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/22e1324e1e9318481b6e7264c8595804.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/69f7ced8bd89f9417331d2744b99fec0.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/editorImg/2023/3/6/046424e3-0354-4d0b-bc57-caea7b3e2f44.png?resizew=319)
(5)下列说法正确的是
a.该反应的
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c523e50f790218235eae777f95a8a724.png)
b.氢碳比:①>②
c.在氢碳比为2.0时,Q点:
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/686c3ba4775e6771026b9664a07708da.png)
(6)若起始时,
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/a4298cb837170c021b9f2cd4e674a6a3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7644a7769a5fa1bdab46cc0b2dee2861.png)
(1)丙烯(C3H6)是石油化工行业重要的有机原料之一,主要用于生产聚丙烯、二氯丙烷、异丙醇等产品。
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/28/2838964532486144/2839064956641280/STEM/3ed72940-de09-4f9e-8a2d-f81f511ae72b.png?resizew=586)
①丙烷脱氢制备丙烯。由图可得C3H8(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de4ac184aef047428370bf877105fa50.png)
②目前在丙烷脱氢制丙烯时常通入适量的O2,让其同时发生下列反应:2C3H8(g)+O2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de4ac184aef047428370bf877105fa50.png)
(2)乙苯催化脱氢制取苯乙烯的反应为:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/28/2838964532486144/2839064956641280/STEM/d9c6025f-5bc3-493f-b080-c14aeded425e.png?resizew=571)
其反应历程如下:
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/28/2838964532486144/2839064956641280/STEM/df656430-d7fa-45b4-870f-3897ffbc88fd.png?resizew=656)
①关于该反应,下列说法正确的是
A.苯环α位的碳氢键键能小于苯环β位的碳氢键键能
B.催化剂可通过吸附作用,拉近反应物之间的距离,从而增加有效碰撞的概率
C.催化剂的作用是提供反应界面,但不参与化学反应过程。
D.增加催化剂用量可提高反应的平衡转化率
②在相同时间内乙苯的转化率与p(CO2)的关系如图所示,乙苯转化率随着p(CO2)变化的原因是
![](https://img.xkw.com/dksih/QBM/2021/10/28/2838964532486144/2839064956641280/STEM/b483b55d-7c49-4593-8384-348955dd6b69.png?resizew=237)
(3)工业上可用丙烯加成法制备1,2-二氯丙烷(CH2ClCHClCH3),主要副产物为3-氯丙烯(CH2=CHCH2Cl),反应原理为:
I.CH2=CHCH3(g)+Cl2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de4ac184aef047428370bf877105fa50.png)
II.CH2=CHCH3(g)+Cl2(g)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/de4ac184aef047428370bf877105fa50.png)
一定温度下,向恒容密闭容器中充入等物质的量的CH2=CHCH3(g)和Cl2(g)。在催化剂作用下发生反应,容器内气体的压强随时间的变化如表所示。
时间/min | 0 | 60 | 120 | 180 | 240 | 300 | 360 |
压强/kPa | 80 | 74.2 | 69.2 | 65.2 | 61.6 | 60.0 | 60.0 |
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/961e87569d44cb46441703de16e62827.png)
②该温度下,若平衡时HCl的体积分数为12.5%,反应I的平衡常数Kp=