1 . If you are home alone, and somebody comes to the door, you will probably shout out “I got it” so that it seems like someone else is there with you and you are not alone at home, this way you can be safe. Then how can we stay safe in our daily lives? Here are some tips:
1. It’s a good idea to give your apartment a safety check—before you even move in. Complete this safety check list. Can you see who’s at the door without opening it? Are your doors made of metal? Have all your doors been rekeyed since you moved in?
2.Become BFFs (best friends forever) with your neighbors. If you’re shy, then you’d probably prefer anything else to chatting with neighbors, But make an effort to be friendly, if only for safety’s sake (面子) . In one way or another, your neighbors may be your best wealth in times of trouble and they’ll be more willing to lend a hand to a friend than they are to help out a stranger.
3.Always throw parties. Burglars (窃贼) are less likely to target busy homes. So yes, this can be your excuse to throw a party. Having people over can make your home seem like there are more people living in it. It’ll also show would-be burglars that a lot of friends have got your back.
4.Be smart about spare keys. Burglars know exactly where to check for spare keys. So don’t think you’re being clever by hiding them in the mailbox, or under a carpet. Instead, you’re better off leaving them to a friend or trusted neighbor.
根据短文内容判断句子正误。（正确的写A，错误的写B）
1. By shouting out “I got it” you want to show that you are alone.
2. You needn’t give your apartment a safety check before moving in.
3. You should try your best to be friends with your neighbors.
4. Throwing parties will bring burglars to your home.
5. Don’t hide your spare keys in the mailbox.
White-furred animals are in danger of dying out. Climate (天气) change is causing a fall in snow cover, leaving them exposed (暴露的), a new study suggests.
Scientists in Poland have been following the worrying case of the white-coated weasel (白鼬), which sheds (褪去) its brown covering in the winter for a milky coat in order to blend easily into its icy environment.
But researchers have discovered that between 1997 and 2007 the number of days with snow cover was from 80 to 40 in Bialowieza Forest, Poland. It means that the little animals are caught out in a completely unsuitable environment, where they can be caught by foxes and crows. Scientists found that on days when there was little winter snow cover. The number of white-coated weasels they managed to catch fell to as low as 20 percent of the total. It meant that the rest had been killed.
The problem is likely to affect other white-furred animals such as the Arctic fox when the snow cover increasingly gives way to a landscape (风景) of greens and browns.
In the near future white weasels may disappear completely from many areas of Northern Europe and America. They will either be replaced by brown ones or they will evolve (进化).
Researchers also carried out tests using toys of brown and white-coated weasels to see if the colors were actually making a difference to predators (捕食者). They found lots of animals had come near to the white toys, but none had shown interest in the brown toys.
The researchers are hopeful the animals will learn to adapt (适应), but say they cannot rule out the animals disappearing completely.
1. 写出划线单词them指代的内容。2. 回答问题：Why does the weasel change its brown covering into white when winter comes?
3. 根据短文内容填空，第(1)题不超过3个词，第(2)题限填1词。
(1) White-furred animals are in danger of dying out because of
(2) In Bialowieza Forest, the number of days with snow cover reduced (减少) by
4. 选出划线短语rule out的意思。
| A．give up | B．imagine | C．control |
3 . Most people around the world are right-handed. This also seems to be true in history. In 1799, scientists studied works of art made at different times. Most of the people shown in these works were right-handed, so the scientists guessed that right-handedness had always been common through history. Today, only about 10% to 15% of the world's population are left-handed.
Why are there more right-handed people than left-handed ones? Scientists now know that a person's two hands each have their own jobs. This is because of the different work of the two sides of the brain. The right side of the brain, which makes a person's hands and eyes work together, controls the left hand. The left-side of the brain, which controls the right hand, is the centre for thinking and doing problems. These findings show that more artists should be left-handed, and studies have found that left-handedness is twice as common among artists as among people in other jobs.
No one really knows what makes a person become right-handed instead of left-handed. Scientists have found that almost 40% of the people become left-handed because their main brain is damaged when they are born. However, this doesn't happen to everyone, so scientists guess there must be another reason why people become left-handed. One idea is that people usually get right-handed from their parents. ①If a person does not receive the gene (基因) for right-handedness, he / she may become either right-handed or left-handed according to the chance and the people they work or live with.
Though right-handedness is more common than left-handedness, people no longer think left-handed people are strange or unusual. A long time ago, left-handed children were made to use their right hands like other children, but today ②they don't have to.
1. 请从文章中分别找出第2、3自然段的中心句。第2段
第3段
2. 找出①处划线句子译成汉语。
3. 找出②处划线单词they 所指代的内容。
4. 根据文章内容回答问题。Why is the left-handedness more common among artists?
4 . A strange thing happens to nearly everybody. At night, people turn off the lights, pull up the covers and close their eyes. Six or seven sleeping hours later, they wake up again. Strange, isn't it?
Sleep ①puzzles science. Scientists and doctors would rather talk about why one can't fall asleep. They are not sure what causes sleep. The best conditions for sleep are good health and meal neither too big nor too small. No worries and a comfortable place are important, too.
Strange things happen during sleep. For example, you move often. You would feel tired if you didn't. You also dream. Part of your brain is still awake when you sleep. Dreaming happens when the memory and imagination in parts of your brain are still awake. Experiments have shown most of us dream in color. Bad dreams may be caused by stomachache. Don't worry if you dream. Some great stories and poems were begun while their writers slept.
1. 根据短文内容，猜测①处划线单词puzzle的意思。将字母代号填写在答题卡上。| A．困惑 | B．谜语 | C．解释 |
① good health ②
3. 回答问题。Why do people dream while they are sleeping?
4. 从文章中找出与Stomachache may cause bad dreams.意思相同或相近的句子。
5. 根据文章内容，给本文拟一个合适的标题。
5 . When we see well, we do not think about our eyes very often. It is only when we cannot see perfectly that we realize how important our eyes are.
People who are near-sighted can only see things that are very close to their eyes. Everything else seems unclear. Many people who do a lot of work such as writing, reading and sewing become near- sighted.
However, people who are far-sighted suffer from just the opposite problem. They can see things that are far away, but they have difficulty in reading a book unless they hold it at arm's length. If they want to do much reading, they must get glasses, too.
Other people do not see clearly because their eyes are not exactly the right shape. They have what is called astigmatisms (散光). This, too, can be corrected by glasses. Some people's eyes become cloudy because of cataracts (白内障). Long ago these people often became blind. Now, however, it is possible to operate on the cataracts and remove them.
1. ________ eye problem(problems)is(are)mentioned in the passage.| A．One | B．Two | C．Three | D．Four |
| A．can only see close things | B．can only see things far away |
| C．aren't exactly the right shape | D．have cataracts |
| A．they were near-sighted | B．they were far-sighted |
| C．They had astigmatisms | D．they had cataracts |
| A．the writers | B．the farmers | C．the workers | D．the policemen |
① are near-sighted ② are far-sighted ③ have astigmatisms ④ have cataracts
| A．①②④ | B．①②③ | C．②③④ | D．①③④ |
6 . Even if you are a good high jumper, you can jump only about seven feet off the ground. You cannot jump any higher because the earth pulls you hard. The pull of the earth is called gravity. You can easily find out the pull of the earth. If you weigh yourself, you will know how much gravity is pulling you.
Since there is gravity, water runs down hill. When you throw a ball into the air, it falls back down. Because of gravity, you do not fall off the earth as it whirls (旋转) around.
Then, can we get away from the earth and go far out into space? Now you can do it, because spaceships have been invented. Then spaceship will go so fast that it can escape the earth's gravity and carry you into space.
1. If you are a good high jumper, you can jump far higher than seven feet high.2. You can know how much gravity is pulling you by weighing yourself.
3. Because of gravity, the water runs up hill and the balls back if you throw it into the air.
4. We can escape the earth's gravity by spaceship because it can travel very fast.
5. The Chinese meaning of "gravity" is "重力".
Do you drink water that’s been left sitting out overnight or even for another day? Have you noticed it tastes different?
Tap water(自来水) that has been left to sit out slowly begins to get an off taste. Many people think that this is because of microorganisms(微生物). But that’s not what makes old water taste not fresh. For that we can think of carbon dioxide(二氧化碳). After about 12 hours, tap water starts to go flat as carbon dioxide in the air starts to mix with the water in the glass, lowering its PH and giving it an off taste. But it's most likely not harmful to drink.
However, back to those microorganisms. If you use a dirty glass day after day, there will be more chances to get bacteria(细菌). The risk will increase if you share the glass with another mouth as well. But supposing you use a fresh glass every few days, you probably won't have a problem unless the glass has been touched by dirty fingers, and especially if those dirty fingers went unwashed after using the bathroom.
As for plastic water bottles that have been left out in the sun or in the car, step away from the bottles, warns Dr. Kellogg Schwab, director of the Johns Hopkins University Water Institute. “A chemical named biphenyl-A, or BPA, along with other things used to make plastic can leach(过滤) into your water if the bottle heats up or sits in the sun,” he explains. BPA, as you probably know, has been linked to everything from serious heart problems to cancer. Schwab also adds that plastic used for commercial bottled water isn’t supposed to be washed or refilled, so use only one time and recycle. Or don't buy them at all; use refillable water bottles instead.
1. Tap water begin to have an off taste because of______.| A．carbon dioxide | B．BPA | C．the glass | D．the microorganism |
| A．has few microorganisms | B．is still safe to drink |
| C．tastes better than before | D．is likely undrinkable |
| A．To share the glass with another person. | B．To hold the clean glass with dirty hands. |
| C．To keep your hands and glass clean. | D．To drink after using the bathroom. |
| A．Use them after they cool down. | B．Clean them and use them again. |
| C．Throw the bottles away. | D．Refill them with fresh water. |
A．It is safe for people to use.  | B．It is a kind of new material. |
| C．It is the main material to make plastic. | D．It can cause great harm to people. |
In China, writing brushes, ink sticks, paper and ink stones are called the Four Treasures of Study. Among the high-quality (质量)treasures, the writing brush produced in Huzhou, the ink stick produced in Huizhou, the xuan paper made in Xuancheng and the ink stone made in Duanxi are the best-known.
The writing brushes can be used to draw the pictures on painted potteries (陶器). They are mainly made of the hair of animals. Those made of wool are called yanghao and those made of the weasel's(鼬) tail hair are called langhao. Their artistic effects (效果)in writing and painting cannot be copied by any other pens.
The ink stick is the pigment(颜料)used in writing and painting. The ink stick produced in Huizhou is of high quality. A story goes like this: Two famous skilled men Xi Chao and his son produced a kind of high-quality ink stick. As a result, the Emperor Li Yu in the Southern Tang Dynasty agreed to give them the family name "Li". From then on, the fame of the Li Ink Stick was widespread. In the Song Dynasty, its producing area was changed into Huizhou, and it was then called the Hui Ink Stick.
Paper is among the four great inventions in ancient China. The famous xuan paper appeared in the Sui and Tang dynasties. In Xuanzhou, Anhui Province where the xuan paper is produced, it's said that Cai Lun's pupil Kong Dan took the job of producing paper but failed to make perfect white paper. Later he happened to see the ebony (檀木)in the rivers. It was wet with the water and turned white. Then he used the bark (树皮)to produce the world-famous xuan paper.
The ink stone was already very popular in the Han Dynasty. The Ming and Qing dynasties saw the appearance of the Four Famous Ink Stones - Duan Ink Stone, She Ink Stone, Tao Ink Stone and Chengni Ink Stone. They can not only be used in writing and painting but also for admiration.
1. What are the writing brushes mainly made of?2. Why did Xi Chao and his son get the family name from the Emperor Li Yu?
3. What does it in paragraph 3 refer to (指的是)?
4. How did Kong Dan find the way to make the famous xuan paper by accident?
5. When did the Four Famous Ink Stones appear?
6. What's the title (标题) for the passage? (不超过10个词)
Jiaozi, also known as Chinese dumplings, is a must-have during holidays in Northern China. It dates back to ancient times.
Jiaozi is one of the most important foods in Chinese New Year. Since jiaozi is in the shape of ancient Chinese gold or silver ingots（银锭）, it symbolizes wealth（象征着财富）. Traditionally, the members of a family get together to make dumplings on New Year's Eve. They may hide a coin in one of the dumplings. The person who finds the coin will be likely to have good luck. As the Spring Festival marks the start of a new year, people choose to eat jiaozi in the hope of having a good future in the coming new year.
Based on your taste, you can make different kinds of Chinese dumplings using different fillings. There is no set rule as to what makes dumpling fillings. They can be anything from vegetables, meat or seafood. Whatever the fillings are, the wrapping（包）skill needs to be exquisite（精美的） to make jiaozi good-looking.
As China is a country with a vast territory（幅员辽阔）, there are differences in different areas in ways of making jiaozi or even serving it. For example, dumpling wrappers are made with a rolling stick in Beijing and Hebei province, while in some parts of Inner Mongolia, wrappers are hand-pressed.
1. When did Chinese people probably begin to have jiaozi?________________________________________________________
2. What does jiaozi symbolize?
________________________________________________________
3. Why do people choose to eat jiaozi on New Year's Eve?
________________________________________________________
4. Do people need to follow set rules to make dumpling fillings?
________________________________________________________
5. How are dumpling wrappers made in some parts of Inner Mongolia?
________________________________________________________
10 . When you think of the Arctic (北极), you imagine an icy land of pure white snow. Others imagine it as the last really clean place left on earth. We have polluted the deepest oceans with plastic rubbish. “And now”, CNN says, “It’s the Arctic’s turn.”
German scientists have recently found microplastics in Arctic snow. Microplastics are pieces of plastic smaller than 5 millimeters. Sadly, the scientists found 1800 pieces of microplastics per liter of (每升) snow.
How is plastic pollution reaching the Arctic? According to scientists, “It’s clear that most of the microplastics in the snow come from the air.” They fall off the plastic objects and are moved by the wind, just like dust. They mix with ice in the air and fall to the ground as snow. Finding these plastics in Arctic snow means that we may breathe them in.
Are they bad for us? Scientists cannot answer this question for now, according to the WHO. We do know that our bodies cannot take in “large” pieces of microplastics. However, if the plastics are small enough, they can find ways into our bodies and stay there for a long time, which can be bad for our health. What’s more, earlier studies have shown that microplastics may contribute to lung cancer risk.
Microplastics have also been found in rivers and oceans around the world. Earlier research has found that they flow over long distances and into our oceans, hurting ecosystems along the way. They start in our wastewater, then flow into rivers and out to the sea, where they are eaten by sea animals. If people then eat these animals, it means that we’re eating the plastic as well.
1. We can learn from Paragraph 1 that________.| A．the Arctic is the last really clean place left on earth |
| B．the Arctic is an icy land of pure white snow |
| C．the Arctic is a beautiful icy land with clean air |
| D． the Arctic has been polluted by plastic rubbish |
| A．增加 | B．捐献 | C．造成 | D．是……原因之一 |
| A．From water. | B．From air. | C．From wind. | D．From food. |
| A．We may breathe microplastics in Arctic. |
| B．Microplastics may cause lung cancer. |
| C．We don’t have to mind microplastics right now. |
| D． Microplastics have hurt ecosystems. |
| A．By advising us to drink clean water. |
| B．By asking people not to eat sea animals. |
| C．By telling the seriousness of plastic pollution. |
| D．By showing the beauty of Arctic. |
