Any time an astronaut gets out of a spacecraft(航天器) while in space, it is called a spacewalk. Astronauts go on spacewalks for many reasons. For example, experiments can be placed on the outside of a spacecraft. This lets scientists learn how being in space affects( 影响) different things. By going on spacewalks, astronauts can also fix things instead of bringing them back to the earth to fix.
When astronauts go on spacewalks, they wear spacesuits to keep themselves safe. Inside spacesuits, astronauts have the oxygen(氧气) they need to breathe and the water they need to drink. To keep the astronauts and the spacecraft safe, the astronauts must leave and go back to the spacecraft through a special door. When on a spacewalk, astronauts use safety tethers(系绳) to stay close to their spacecraft. Tethers are like ropes, connect the spacewalkers with the spacecraft. They keep astronauts from floating( 漂 浮 ) away into space. Another way astronauts stay safe during spacewalks is by wearing a SAFER. SAFER is worn like a backpack. It helps an astronaut move around in space.
How do astronauts train for spacewalks? One way is by going for a swim. Floating in space is a lot like floating in water. Astronauts practice spacewalks underwater in a huge special swimming pool. For every one hour they will spend on a spacewalk, astronauts need to train seven hours in the pool. Another way astronauts practice for a spacewalk is by using virtual reality(虚拟现实). It looks and feels just like a spacewalk.
Today, only three countries have finished spacewalks independently. They are Russia, the United States and China. The first person to go on a spacewalk in the world was Alexei Leonov from Russia. Zhai Zhigang is the first Chinese astronaut to go on a spacewalk. The world record of spacewalks is held by Russian astronaut Anatoly Solovyev. He has been on 16 spacewalks and spent more than 82 hours outside in space.
1. About the spacewalk, we can know __________.| A．some things can be fixed by astronauts during spacewalks |
| B．all experiments must be placed on the outside of a spacecraft |
| C．an astronaut can get out of a spacecraft any time while in space |
| A．Two. | B．Three. | C．Four. | D．Five. |
| A．floating in space |
| B．using virtual reality |
| C．going on spacewalks outside a spacecraft |
| A．China can finish a spacewalk independently. |
| B．How to keep Astronauts safe. |
| C．What is a spacewalk. |
If you are being bullied(欺负) at school ,you may worry that your friends won’t stand by you. You may think nothing will help. But there are strong steps you can take to deal with bullying.
What to do if you are being bullied?
Tell an adult. An adult is often needed to end the bullying. Also, it may make you feel better just to talk to an adult.
Do not fight back! It' s hard to do, but try to walk away. If you fight back, you could also end up in trouble.
Don' t blame(责怪) yourself. The person who bullies is acting wrong--not you.
Advice to prevent(防止) bullying before it starts:
Avoid bullies. If a group is known for bullying, stay away from it. And try to stay away from places where bullying happens.
Stay near adults. Most bullying happens when adults aren't around.
Be strong. People who bully often like to pick on kids they think seem weaker. If you don’t feel you are strong, try acting like you are.
Stay with friends. Try to walk to school and eat lunch with friends. Try making new friends, too. Join a club to meet people with similar interests.
1. ________
2. ________
3. ________
4. ________
5. ________
People often do the same thing regularly. These behavior patterns（模式）are called habits.
There are two kinds of habits — good ones and bad ones. We can benefit（受益）a lot from good habits. For example, getting up early to do morning exercises is a good habit which can make you healthy and build up your body. As a result, you will not have to see a doctor as often.
Bad habits do not come suddenly. They come little by little and they are formed when one is not strict on his behavior. They have bad influence on both oneself and others. For example, school boys first pick up little bad habits in schools and on streets. When they can't finish their lessons, they copy from their classmates. If they see elder boys smoking, they want to learn to smoke. If they see their friends gambling（赌博），they want to gamble. When they get elder, the habits become stronger and stronger, so that they can no longer get rid of (改掉）them.
From copying, they learn to steal. From gambling, they learn to cheat. At last, everybody distrusts them.
Bad habits do harm to our mind and body instead of good. Some students can't resist（抗拒）the temptation（诱惑）of cigarettes. They think smoking is cool. And they have formed the habit of smoking. In fact, smoking is a bad habit. Many studies have shown that those who do smoke die of lung（肺）cancer more often than those who don't. So by forming good habits and getting rid of the bad ones, people can improve their lives.
Information card
| What are habits? | The behavior patterns that people 1_ |
| The advantages (优点 ) of getting up early to do morning exercise | 2. and build up people's body. |
| The disadvantages of forming bad habits | 3. 4. |
| How can people improve their lives? | 5. _______________________________________ |
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
4 . When you feel a sneeze (喷嚏) or cough coming on, covering your mouth prevents the spread of germs (细菌). You probably knew that.
But how to cover your mouth is very important. You might use tissues(纸巾), and put your used tissues into the bin. "If you don't have tissues, you should sneeze into your elbow, not your hand, even if you are used to doing that. " The doctors advised.
" If somebody sneezes into his hands, those germs will be passed on to other people, or other objects that people touch." said Dr. Hill.
Germs are most commonly spread by sneezing and coughing. When they land on your hands, they are passed from hands to things like bills, door knobs (扶手), elevator buttons (电梯按钮) and other surfaces. At the same time, the people around you can touch them.
This isn't nagging (唠叨). The Centers for Disease Control also suggest that sneezing and coughing into your elbow is necessary. Even the New York City subway officers ask the passengers to cough or sneeze into elbow or use a tissue. "
"The suggestion was taken seriously about 10 years ago. However, most people didn't pay much attention to it. That means the adults may have missed the advice. But children are often taught in school the right way to cough or sneeze. " Dr. Benjamin said.
To be clear, people can't keep away from all the risks in this way, but it's the best choice. At the same time, we'd better wear masks (口罩) and often wash our hands. "Hand washing is one of the most important things people can do to keep healthy. " Dr. Hill said.
1. According to this passage, when sneezing or coughing, you'd better NOT _____________.| A．sneeze into your elbow | B．cover your mouth with tissues |
| C．use your hand to cover mouth | D．put the used tissues in the bin |
A． | B． |
C． | D． |
| A．The New York City subway officers ask passengers to use a tissue. |
| B．The adult may be used to sneezing into their elbow. |
| C．The children are often taught in school the right way to cough or sneeze |
| D．Wearing masks is a good way to keep away from germs. |
| A．To tell us the correct way to cover mouth when sneezing or coughing. |
| B．To tell us how to prevent the spread of germs. |
| C．To tell us it's necessary to sneeze or cough into elbow. |
| D．To tell us how to keep away from all risks. |
5 . Everyone has got two personalities(性格)—the one that is shown to the world and the other that is secret and real. You don't show your secret personality when you're awake because you can control yourself, but when you're asleep, your sleeping position shows the real you. In a normal night, of course, you often change your sleeping positions. The important position that best shows your secret personality is the one that you go to sleep.
If you go to sleep on your back, you're a very open person. You normally trust people and you are easily influenced by new ideas. You don't like to make people unhappy, so you never express your real feelings. You're quite shy and you aren't very confident.
If you sleep on your stomach, you are a person who likes to keep secrets. You worry a lot and you're always easily becoming sad. You never want to change your ideas, but you are satisfied with your life. You usually live for today not for tomorrow.
If you sleep on curled up(蜷缩),you are probably a very nervous person. You have a low opinion of yourself and often protect yourself from being hurt, so you are very defensive. You're shy and you don't usually like meeting people. You like to be on your own.
If you sleep on your side, you have usually got a well-balanced(平衡的)personality. You know your strengths and weaknesses. You're usually careful. You have a confident personality. You sometimes feel worried, but you don't often get unhappy. You always say what you think, even if it makes people angry.
1. You may find the passage in ________.| A．a science magazine | B．a guide book | C．a sports newspaper |
| A．two. | B．five. | C．four |
| A．on curled up | B．on her stomach | C．on her back |
| A．有戒备心的 | B．攻击性的 | C．易怒的 |
| A．Sleeping on your side is the best way of sleeping. |
| B．Changing positions will cause sleeping problems. |
| C．Sleeping positions show people's secret personalities. |
6 . It might be fun to use your smartphone, but be careful. Too much screen time may be harmful to your health.
First, it is bad for your eyes. A researcher called Sarah Hinkley says the problem comes from the blue light that the screen gives out. Looking at a smartphone for a long time can cause eye strain（劳损）, headaches and dry eyes. So it is a good idea to take a break every 15 minutes when you are working at a computer or using a smartphone.
Second, screen use can do harm to children’s brains. A new study shows that using screens too much can affect（影响） how children’s brains grow. If children use screens for more than one hour a day, they might have lower levels of white matter in their brains. White matter is a key to the development of language and reading skills. So it is wise to cut down the time of children using all kinds of screens.
Third, using screens too much will affect your sleep. According to a study, about 95% of the people between the ages of 13 and 64 use electronics before bed, especially the young people under 20. Doctors say that the light from those electronics at night may make you excited before you go to bed. Then it’s hard for you to get enough sleep. So you’d better turn off smartphones, TVs, and all other screens an hour before your bedtime.
To keep healthy, doctors and researchers strongly advise that you shouldn’t use screens for long hours.
1. The blue light from your screens can cause ________.| A．eyestrain | B．headaches | C．dry eyes | D．all of the above |
| A．take a break every 15 minutes | B．have lower levels of white matter |
| C．use screens too much before bed | D．are the people from 13 to 64 |
| A．Using smartphones for long hours does harm to your eyes. |
| B．A lot of screen time affects children’s brain growth. |
| C．The light from electronics at night may make you excited. |
| D．People of all ages mustn’t use electronics. |
| A．a science magazine | B．a travel diary | C．a guide book | D．a novel |
| A．The ways to keep healthy. | B．The harm of using screens too much. |
| C．The ways to use screens. | D．The advantages of using screens. |
The movie Ne Zha came back to the big screen last year. And lots of people watched it.
For many years, the character Ne Zha has been familiar to many children of China. Most Chinese children came to know Ne Zha from the TV series Journey to the West. Of course, Ne Zha in that TV series is not as great as Sun Wukong. But still, Ne Zha is popular in Chinese children's hearts.
Now, the relationships among the characters in the 3D movie Ne Zha are given modern meanings. New Ne Zha in the 3D movie is more than a child. He is very happy when he feels the warmth of the family. And he does not hide his anger when he meets bad men. He lives as he wants to live.
It was hard to believe that a panda-eyed, buck-toothed(龅牙) child could be a hero in hearts of millions of people. But it made it and the movie was a big success. The film's director and screenwriter is Yang Yu. It took him three years to write this play and two more years to make the cartoon. It is one of the most successful cartoons made in China. You can enjoy the beauty created by high technology when watching it.
1. From which TV series did most Chinese children come to know Ne Zha?2. What does new Ne Zha look like in the 3D movie?
3. How long did it take Yang Yu to write the play and make the cartoon?
4. 请把划线句子翻译成汉语。
5. 请给短文拟一个恰当的标题。
Air pollution is a big problem for cities in most countries. Many people are dying from it. But how can we tell the air quality is good or bad?
On a tree next to a river in Amsterdam, a tiny birdhouse glows (发光) bright green when the air is clean. If you're standing nearby, the birdhouse will also give you a free Wi-Fi connection—but only if pollution level is low enough. The designer is Joris Lam. His birdhouse tells you about the air quality.
Joris’ birdhouse is called TreeWifi. It can be put on a tree around your house to test the air quality. People can see a screen with information about the local air quality and how to improve it. TreeWifi is a simple way for people to know about the air pollution around them. If the birdhouse does not glow, people should care more about the environment. It reminds them to change their lifestyles. For example, to protect the air, they can ride bikes or just walk instead of driving cars.
“Imagine if trees gave free Wi-Fi, people would plant more trees like crazy. It's a pity that they only give us the oxygen(氧气) we breathe,” Joris said.
The birdhouse doesn't work as a home for birds now. Joris and his team are trying to make some changes to it. In the future, they hope birds will live in the birdhouse and the heat of its green light will be used to keep birds warm in winter.
1. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 1 refer to?| A．The birdhouse. | B．Air quality. | C．Air pollution. |
①people are standing nearby ②the pollution level is low enough
③the air quality is low enough
| A．①② | B．②③ | C．①③ |
| A．receive the free Wi-Fi connection |
| B．protect the birdhouse from the rain |
| C．show information about the air quality |
| A．as a home for birds | B．to tell us the weather | C．to give us the oxygen |
Have you ever seen a solar panel（太阳能电池板）in your neighborhood? Solar panels take energy from the sun and turn it into electricity. Over the past ten years, the price of solar panels has gone down greatly. In many parts of the world, solar energy is now the cheapest form of electricity. More and more people have started using solar energy to power（给……供电）their homes.
However, solar panels also have their problems. They stop working at night and on rainy days. Is it possible to make them produce electricity all of the time?
Scientists at Suzhou University, China, have invented a new solar panel now. It can produce electricity not only from solar energy but also from falling rain. When a raindrop falls on the solar panel and then rolls（滚动）down, it creates friction（摩擦力）on the surface of the panel, which can then be turned into electricity.
Sun Baoquan is one of the inventors. “Our new invention can produce electricity in any weather during the day,” he says. “It can even provide electricity at night if there is rain.”
The solar panel, however, does not make much electricity from falling rain. So Sun Baoquan is still working hard to improve it. The scientist also wants to make solar panels more flexible, which are as soft as clothing.
The field of solar energy is developing fast. Scientists around the world have been improving solar panels. Some have been working on ways to join solar panels and wind power together. Some have been trying to use sunlight to produce liquid and gas fuels（液体和气体燃料）.
1. Which energy is now the cheapest form of electricity in many parts of the world?| A．Solar energy. | B．Water energy. | C．Wind energy. |
| A．The price of them is rising. |
| B．They can’t work all of the time. |
| C．They can hardly power people’s homes. |
| A．It has a larger size than a common one. |
| B．It produces more electricity from falling rain than solar energy. |
| C．It can produce electricity day and night and even in rainy conditions. |
| A．柔软的 | B．光滑的 | C．坚硬的 |
| A．there is no room for developing solar energy |
| B．there is no end to the research in the field of solar energy |
| C．solar energy has completely taken the place of other kinds of energy |
10 . Carpooling (拼车) for School
In the UK, students often carpool. When your school doesn't have a school bus and your home is not near, you can carpool. Usually three or four students go to school in the same car. Their parents take turns (轮流) in taking the students in their cars.
The students have to be on time, because nobody wants to be late for class. If you are in the car and wait (等) for a friend for a long time, you will be unhappy. Your friends will feel the same way when you let them wait. Students learn a great lesson—to be on time.
Carpooling | |
Where | In the |
Who | Three or four |
Why | 1. Some schools don't have a school 2. Some students don't live |
A great lesson | To be |
