1 . Vaccines may soon make their first film(薄膜) appearance. Led by expert Maria A. Croyle, researchers have developed a thin sheet that preserves vaccines for long periods without refrigeration. This means the carefully cooled small bottles now used to ship vaccines could potentially be replaced by lightweight films that can be mailed in an envelope and stored on a shelf.
The film is tailored to suit each specific vaccine candidate and provide a protective coating. “We’ve learned over time that the key to really stabilizing whatever the film holds is to have it intermixed with all the components,” Croyle says, adding that the process is quick and uses affordable and standard equipment. “We really wanted to come up with something that would be transferable to developing countries.”
Immunization(免疫) programs depend heavily on keeping vaccines cold (2℃-8℃) as they are transported, sometimes over thousands of kilometers to faraway locations. Delivery can be difficult and costly, and transport disruptions can cause the vaccines to be ineffective.
But this new product can store live viruses, bacteria and antibodies for several months at 20℃. In a paper published in Science Advances, the scientists show that the live viruses in one vaccine were preserved in the film even after 36 months. They also find that a flu vaccine suspended in their film compares favourably with a traditional flu shot. “The study demonstrates early proof of concept for an exciting platform for vaccine product development,” says Lisa Rohan, a pharmacologist, who was not involved in the study. She also notes that each vaccine type would need a custom formulation(配方) for future stages of development.
Finding partners to mass-produce for clinical trials is the researchers’ most pressing problem, Croyle says. They are also exploring packaging methods to keep their films stable up to 40℃.
Size is a major advantage—a letter-sized sheet of the film can carry more than 500 doses of vaccine, about 1⁄900 the weight of the same amount of traditional doses. By making it easier and cheaper to ship and preserve vaccines efficiently, Croyle says, the technology could vastly improve immunization rates the world over, particularly in middle to low income countries.
1. What can we learn about the film?| A．It contains animal’s DNA. |
| B．It will replace vaccines. |
| C．It comes in different flavours. |
| D．It can hold bio-products. |
| A．Its transportation requirement. |
| B．Its development schedule. |
| C．Its possible advantages. |
| D．Its key components. |
| A．advise personalizing vaccines. |
| B．suggest the product is promising. |
| C．prove the study is supported widely. |
| D．stress the functions of a new platform. |
| A．Immune system will be improved a lot all over the world. |
| B．A new type of affordable vaccine will benefit low-income countries. |
| C．Vaccines would be transferable to developing countries. |
| D．A new type of film preserves vaccines for long periods without being cooled. |
2 . At only 9 years old, Lesia Cartelli was badly burnt in a gas explosion at her grandparents’ house. The burns were so severe that her own grandfather didn’t recognize her. Lesia could have remained withdrawn for her whole life. But now, this woman uses her painful past to help other burn victims find healing (治愈). “My life got better when I started to look at my life as a gift,” Lesia said.
Lesia started Angel Faces, a national nonprofit organization offering week-long supportive retreats (休养所) for adolescent female burn victims. These retreats, for girls ranging from ages 11-19, provide seminars to help the girls heal emotionally (情感上).
“She’s like a ball of sunshine,” said Casi Smith, a 17-year-old with burns on her face she received as a baby. “Looking at her, I can see everything she’s been through. But here she is; instead of hiding, she’s helping people. To me, that is amazing. I don’t know if I could ever do that.”
As a woman burned in a gas explosion, Lesia is able to connect with these young ladies on a personal level, as someone who knows what they’re going through. Her heart for helping others motivates fellow burn victims to take control of their circumstances.
All of these women are miracles. They are blessed to have survived horrible accidents most of us can’t even imagine. Yet, surviving the incident is just the beginning. Lesia describes the period following the actual event causing the burns as a “trauma cocoon”.
And that’s where she steps in.
“I didn’t want any other girl to go through what I had gone through,” she says. “We offer a place where the girls can suffer less pain and begin to really heal.”
1. What made Lesia’s life become better after the accident?| A．Her grandfather’s timely help. | B．Angel Faces’ supportive retreats. |
| C．The change of her attitude to life. | D．Other burn victims’ healing stories. |
| A．Angel Faces provides help for all female burn victims. |
| B．Lesia started Angel Faces with the help of Casi Smith. |
| C．Victims receive Angel Faces’ professional medical help. |
| D．Lesia’s experiences have inspired many young burn victims. |
| A．The challenging time that pushes one forward. |
| B．The quiet place where one can have great fun. |
| C．The physical injury that can be easily removed. |
| D．The time when one feels painful and withdrawn. |
| A．Powerful and caring. | B．Creative and adventurous. |
| C．Selfish but brave. | D．Shy but independent. |
The Most Beautiful Cherry Valley
Taihu is located in the south of the Yangtze River Delta. Among the numerous lakes on the north of the Yangtze River, Taihu is the largest. Here, there is a lake island famous for
Yuantouzhu therefore became
4 . The ambulance driver, Mr. Goodman, turned on his siren and flashing light, and started speeding towards the nearest hospital, fighting
Coming towards him from his right was a taxi. The driver had the windows
Mr. Goodman tried to stop his ambulance but it was too
“Look!” cried Mrs. Black. “She is
“It
The baby’s color was turning to
| A．against | B．on | C．for | D．to |
| A．worried | B．angry | C．young | D．surprised |
| A．stayed | B．stuck | C．eaten | D．wounded |
| A．people | B．drivers | C．cars | D．parents |
| A．that | B．as | C．if | D．where |
| A．take | B．spare | C．spend | D．lose |
| A．open | B．clean | C．up | D．down |
| A．dangerous | B．late | C．careless | D．quick |
| A．The driver | B．Someone | C．No one | D．Everyone |
| A．pleasure | B．anger | C．fear | D．surprise |
| A．crying | B．breathing | C．smiling | D．speaking |
| A．may | B．can | C．should | D．must |
| A．took | B．picked | C．knocked | D．made |
| A．common | B．normal | C．usual | D．ordinary |
| A．regretted | B．worried | C．panicked | D．forgot |
5 . One minute, Peggy Lewis and her husband were watching the trees blow in the wind outside their home. The next minute, they were surrounded by pieces of glass from the house’s broken windows. The roof tore off and the walls caved in. After the 152-mph tornado had passed, it took a team of neighbors to pull the couple from the rubble (瓦砾) and take them to the hospital. “I thought we were going to die,” says Lewis, 58. It was an unbelievable natural disaster in the United States.
When the pair returned to their home three days after that awful night last June, it was clear that the house would need to be cleared out. But before that, she wanted one thing-her family Bible (圣经). Lewis bought the Bible 35 years ago at the start of her marriage. Like many folks, she’d used it to hold and keep her family’s history.
The Bible was the first thing Lewis looked for when she returned to the house. It was on top of an antique dresser in her bedroom when she’d last seen it. In fact, the dresser wasn’t there at all. When two volunteers showed up to help the couple dig out, Lewis had one request for them: “If you can find anything, please find my Bible”.
After an hour of searching, a volunteer ran up to her. She cried loudly looking at the book in her hands. The young woman had found the Bible while searching through the rubble. Stunningly, while many books inside the home had been destroyed beyond recognition, the Bible was still perfect, even though it had sat in the rain for days. “I completely broke down,” says Lewis. “I thought it was gone forever. It was a miracle.”
Even slowly, the treasures reappeared in her life. The Bible and her treasures in it actually lived through the terrible disaster.
1. What happened to Peggy Lewis?| A．She lost her family after a tornado. | B．A tornado destroyed her house. |
| C．Her house survived the tornado. | D．She benefited a lot from the disaster. |
| A．Repair their house. | B．Protect volunteers from rain. |
| C．Explore the value of the Bible. | D．Hunt for a family Bible. |
| A．Unluckily. | B．Worryingly. | C．Surprisingly. | D．Interestingly. |
| A．To inform. | B．To educate. | C．To persuade. | D．To instruct. |
6 . OHIP covers part or all of the following services:
Doctors
Whether you visit your doctor, or if you see one in a walk-in clinic, OHIP covers the full cost of your services-as long as they're medically necessary.
Hospital visits and stays
If you need to go to the hospital, OHIP covers:
● doctor and nursing services
● services to check what's wrong
● medicine for in-patients
● some medicine for out-patients
If you want a private or semi-private room, you or your private insurance will have to pay some or all of those hospital fees.
Dental surgery in hospital
Some dental surgeries need to be performed in a hospital because they are complex and/or you have another medical condition that needs monitoring during the procedure.
OHIP covers in-hospital dental surgeries such as:
● tumor removal
● rebuilding surgeries
● medically necessary tooth removal
Optometry (eye-health services)
OHIP covers the cost of one major eye exam every 12 months, plus any minor assessments you need, but only if you are:
● 19 years and younger
● 65 years and older
When you are 20 to 64 years old, OHIP may also cover a major eye exam if it has been requested for a specific reason by your doctor.
You may be qualified for additional eye care if you are on the Ontario Disability Support Program (ODSP) or Ontario Works.
1. How can patients pay hospital fees in a private room?| A．By OHIP. | B．By medical donation. |
| C．By themselves. | D．By auto insurance. |
| A．Because they are too complex to accomplish. |
| B．Because they need lots of medical facilities. |
| C．Because doctors are afraid of medical accidents. |
| D．Because doctors need monitor patients' condition. |
| A．You're a member of OHIP. | B．You're a member of Ontario Works. |
| C．You're on the Ontario Dental House. | D．You're on the Ontario Support Program. |
I woke up excitedly. This day was special. It was my birthday and I was sure that I was going to receive a great deal of wishes and presents this year. I got off from my bed and rushed to my bathroom to get dressed in the best possible manner. I wore the beautiful dress that I had bought especially for this day, dressed my hair and went down for breakfast.
Mom was in the kitchen. I flashed a bright smile at her, waiting for her to wish me and give me a hug. But my smile soon disappeared as my mother started rolling with laughter. I was confused. I asked her what was the matter. Controlling her laughter, she managed to answer me, which sounded something like, “Why are you dressed up like that early in the morning? Are you all right?” I wanted to burst out in anger. I wanted to tell her that I was dressed up because it was my birthday! But then I decided not to tell her myself, and I changed into a casual dress.
After a few moments, my brother and my father came for breakfast as well. I gave them both the same flashy smile, but was heartbroken instantly when neither of them wished me. I thought that maybe they are planning a surprise birthday party for me, and that was the reason none of them wished me. I felt excited as I love surprise birthday parties.
All day long, I stayed in my room so that my family could easily prepare for my party. In the evening, my mother came to me and said that she was leaving for her friend’s house and if I wanted to come along as well. I knew she was trying to fool me and she only wanted me to get dressed for the party.
I replied to her definitely and started dressing up. When I finished, I closed my eyes and stepped out of my room. Then I opened my eyes and…
WHAT? The house was looking exactly like it had always been! No balloons? No friends? No party?
注意:
1.所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2.续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph l:
I wondered what the surprise really was, because my mom did take me to her friend’s place.
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Paragraph 2:
I was crying when my mom came to my room.
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8 . Darlene Leeson was in hotel isolation(隔离)after returning to Australia from a trip to Hawaii. She was calling a friend, joking about the idea of putting a(n)
The first
Then her hotel room phone rang. “I
The traveller said she was in
“Being in hotel isolation, I can’t
| A．sign | B．advertisement | C．warning | D．picture |
| A．delivery | B．coffee | C．hamburgers | D．chocolate |
| A．sound | B．message | C．response | D．effort |
| A．improve | B．satisfy | C．challenge | D．entertain |
| A．lightly | B．seriously | C．gradually | D．willingly |
| A．frequently | B．exactly | C．initially | D．eventually |
| A．put | B．tear | C．kick | D．cut |
| A．taken along | B．get through | C．checked in | D．worked out |
| A．stored | B．purchased | C．preferred | D．delivered |
| A．sadness | B．doubt | C．surprise | D．panic |
| A．order | B．expect | C．reserve | D．promise |
| A．sweet | B．cheap | C．urgent | D．latest |
| A．delayed | B．celebrated | C．cheered | D．contributed |
| A．leave | B．exchange | C．clear | D．decorate |
| A．strangers | B．neighbors | C．travellers | D．passengers |
The Singing Sand Mountains are situated in Dunhuang in western China. As one of the coolest natural phenomena on
Climbing to the top of the dunes is hard work, but worth it. Rent a pair of bright-orange shoe protectors or just shake your
The dunes are a tourist
The drive down the dunes is also
In October, I told the eight-year-olds in the religion class I teach in Pompton Lakes, New Jersey, about my plan. “I’d like all of you to do extra jobs around the house to earn some money,” I said. “Then we'll buy food for a Thanksgiving dinner for someone who might not have a nice dinner otherwise.” I hope they could experience a sense of their own power to effect change.
Early in Thanksgiving week, the boys and girls arrived in class with their hard-earned money. They had set tables, washed dishes and helped with baby-sitting. And now they couldn’t wait to go shopping. I watched while they dashed up and down the supermarket aisles(过道). At last we headed toward the checkout, pushing a cart filled with turkey and all the items needed. Much to my surprise, I saw a pot of purple chrysanthemums(菊花) on top of the cart. It was more reasonable to use any extra money to buy food. “You can’t eat flowers.” I pronounced. But the children insisted and placed the purple plant into the cart.
An agency had given us the name and address of a needy grandmother who had lived alone for years. Soon we were arriving at her house. Between the laughing and those purple flowers, I wasn’t sure that any lesson about giving and receiving was getting through.
We finally pulled up in front of a small house in the woods.
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Then we returned to the car. As we fastened our seat belts, we could see the kitchen window.
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