1 . Nanako Hama was holding a light envelop. When she tore it open with care, locks of hair emerged. Many strangers send Hama locks of their hair, hoping to recycle it.
People generate a huge amount of hair waste. Nearly all of that waste ends up in landfill, where it can release harmful greenhouse gases that contribute to climate change. But hair possesses useful qualities that it’s a shame to simply throw it away. That’s why people all around the world, like Hama, have been collecting hair and finding innovative ways to recycle it, including making mats (垫子) out of it for removing oil leaks in the ocean.
Hama is part of the nonprofit Matter of Trust (MoT) members working at more than 60 centers dotted across 17 countries, using machines to make hair donated from local salons and individuals into square mat, which are then used to clean up the floating oil. “Hair is particularly well-suited for this,”says MoT co-founder Lisa Gautier.“That’s because its rough sort of outer layer lets oil stick to it.” MoT’s mats have been used in major oil leaks, including the 2010 Deepwater Horizon and 2007 Cosco Busan incidents.
In a 2018 study, Murray, an environmental scientist at the University of Technology Sydney, in Australia found that mats made of recycled human hair could absorb 0.84 grams of oil onto its surface for every gram of hair—significantly more than polypropylene (聚丙烯), a type of plastic that’s typically used to clean up floating oil. Besides, hair is also useful as fertilizer (化肥). Hair contains a relatively high nitrogen (氮), a chemical element crucial for plant growth, and each lock of hair is made of roughly 16 percent of this essential nutrient. Last year, more than 560 gallons of liquid fertilizer made from human hair was sold to farmers in northern Tanzania and the feedback from the farmers has been very encouraging.
“It’s just a great way to use hair in a productive way. Hair is an answer literally hanging in front of our eyes—for oil and soil,” Hama says.
1. How does the author introduce the topic?| A．By presenting a scene. |
| B．By detailing the background. |
| C．By describing the usage of hair. |
| D．By praising an environmentalist. |
| A．Improve soil. | B．Prevent oil leaks. |
| C．Take in harmful gas. | D．Clear the sea of oil. |
| A．Its color and strength. | B．Its length and amount. |
| C．Its weight and flexibility. | D．Its structure and component. |
| A．Uncertain. | B．Promising. | C．Doubtful. | D．Worrying. |
2 . German physicist Albert Einstein is one of the most famous scientists of all time, the personification of genius and the subject of a whole industry of scholarship. In The Einsteinian Revolution, two experts on Einstein’s life and his theory of relativity — Israeli physicist Hanoch Gutfreund and German historian of science Jürgen Renn — offer an original and penetrating (犀利的) analysis of Einstein’s revolutionary contributions to physics and our view of the physical world.
For the first time ever, by setting Einstein’s work in the long course of the evolution of scientific knowledge, Gutfreund and Renn discover the popular misconception of Einstein as an unconventional scientific genius who single-handedly created modern physics — and by pure thought alone.
As a large part of the book explains, Einstein typically argued that science progresses through steady evolution, not through revolutionary breaks with the past. He saw his theory of relativity not as something from scratch, but a natural extension of the classical physics developed by pioneers such as Italian astronomer Galileo Galilei and English physicist Isaac Newton in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, as well as nineteenth-century physicists.
The authors highlight how classical physics cannot be separated cleanly from modern Einsteinian physics. The book also includes substantial sections on Polish astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus and Galileo whose methods inspired Einstein. When Einstein considered himself as standing on their shoulders, he meant that, without their contributions, he would not have formulated (阐述) the theory of relativity.
The Einsteinian Revolution is an important and thought-provoking contribution to the scholarly literature on Einstein and his surprising scientific creativity between 1905 and 1925. Gutfreund and Renn might not have given the final answer as to why Einstein, of all people, revolutionized physics in the way that he did. But they argue in fascinating detail that, to understand his genius, one must take into account not just the earlier history of physics but also the history of knowledge more broadly. Although not always an easy read, the book will interest physicists and historians alike.
1. What’s the attitude of Gutfreund and Renn to the popular viewpoint on Einstein?| A．Opposing. | B．Favorable. | C．Ambiguous. | D．Indifferent. |
| A．From nothing. | B．Up to a certain standard. |
| C．By learning from others. | D．With previous knowledge. |
| A．Their ideas were rejected by Einstein. |
| B．Their devotion to physics impressed Einstein. |
| C．Their research contributed to Einstein’s success. |
| D．Their hard work deserved the worldwide respect. |
| A．A guidebook to a course. | B．An introduction to a book. |
| C．An essay on Albert Einstein. | D．A review of physics development. |
China Daily’s digital employee (员工) Yuanxi and Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes’ official virtual carto on character (敦煌莫高窟官方虚拟卡通人物) Jiayao together introduced an interactive digital platform (数字化互动平台) that hosts a virtual copy of the Mogao Grottoes’ Library Cave to the world.
The platform was developed together by the Dunhuang Academy (研究院) and the Chinese tech company Tencent. It uses gaming technologies to show the historical scenes of the Library Cave in the digital world.
The Library Cave in Mogao Grottoes was discovered in 1900, with more than 60,000 cultural relics (文物) from the 4th century to the 11th century undearthed (出土). It was one of the most important discoveries in the 20th century.
On the platform, visitors can role-play and “time travel” to ancient dynasties and talk with eight historical figures (人物). The public can enter the platform through the Digital Dunhuang website and its WeChat program.
In the digital age, the model of “culture + technology” is used to promote (促进) the development of Chinese culture. The digitalization rate (数字化率) of China’s valuable cultural relics has been more than 70 percent, according to the 2022 China Digital Collection Industry Research Report reported by iResearch.
Institutions (机构) such as the Palace Museum have also set up online digital services of their own.—Artificial intelligence (AI) technology allows the public to see the inside of the buildings through the Palace Museum’s WeChat program.
The Ministry of Culture and Tourism has also encouraged the development and transformation (转型) of cultural relics by digital ways. China Central Television has created a series of digital collections with different Dunhuang themes, such as the Dunhuang divine deer (神鹿) Youyou. It was created according to the image (形象) of the nine-colored deer from Dunhuang murals (壁画). The public can see the divine deer on CCTV’s own digital platform.
Digital collections cater to (迎合) the habits of young people. They not only protect the cultural relics but also bring the public closer to China’s “excellent traditional culture”, reported Dunhuang Art Institute.
Su Bomin, director of the Dunhuang Academy, told Xinhua that more efforts will be made to discover new forms for showing cultural relics and offer the public cultural experiences to develop Dunhuang culture.
1. On the interactive digital platform for the Mogao Grottoes’ Library Cave, visitors can ________.| A．talk to the designer of the digital Library Cave |
| B．play video games named historical characters |
| C．play role-playing games set in ancient times |
| D．design digital caves showing historical culture |
| A．To show the latest gaming technologies. |
| B．To help cultural institutions make money. |
| C．To encourage people to explore new forms of digital collections. |
| D．To promote the development of Chinese culture. |
| A．Worried. | B．Hopeful. | C．Excited. | D．Serious. |
| A．Experiencing History Online | B．Showing Digital Collections |
| C．Creating Mini Programs | D．Introducing Gaming Technologies |
4 . 阅读短文，然后根据内容回答问题。
In China, lots of students often use much of their time to study their lessons and don’t help with housework at home. Some students don’t think they need to do housework. Some parents don’t let their children do it. As a result, students are all in need of basic skills.
Luckily, things are changing. In 2021, many schools began to teach students life skills. Guangming Middle School in Shenyang built some farming clubs. There students learnt to plant vegetables. “At first I thought I could only grow some vegetables here, but in fact, I learnt a lot about vegetables,” said Cheng Bing, a girl at the school.
In Hope Middle School, students have a special life skill class: They learn to make dumplings in different kinds of shapes. “I couldn’t make dumplings before, but now I am good at doing it. I really love my life skill class. It’s my favourite class,” said Jia Yan, a boy at the school.
As we know, learning life skills is as important as learning Chinese and maths, because it helps us prepare for our future life. Boys and girls, do you help your parents do housework at home? If not, maybe you should get started now.
1. What do many Chinese students spend most time doing according to the text?5 . In the Three-Body Problem books, Trisolarans, a type of alien (外星人), can dehydrate (脱水) their bodies. Then they can live through terrible environments and come back to life again hundreds of years later. Is it possible that humans could be like that as well?
Scientists have now made a new discovery by studying water bears. These organisms (微生物) can live without water for a long time.
When water bears find themselves somewhere without water, they go into a form. In this form, there are no signs of life. Deep freezing, volcanic fire, the dark space… these tiny water bears just sleep it off and wake up again when it’s safe.
But how do these little eight-legged water bears live without water? Scientists are looking for the answer now. As water leaves a cell (细胞), some kind of protein (蛋白质) must help the cell keep its strength to avoid breaking apart. Now scientists have found proteins are special to water bears. The proteins protect their cells against dehydration.
Scientists also put those proteins into human cells. They found these proteins can strengthen the human cell so that it won’t become smaller in size when losing water.
With experiments using human cells showing successful results, Trisolarans may come to be a reality some day.
1. What can Trisolarans do in the Three-Body Problem books?| A．They can live in water freely for hundreds of years. |
| B．They can protect themselves from being discovered. |
| C．They can help other dead things come back to life again. |
| D．They can dehydrate themselves and live in bad environments. |
| A．They will give up living. | B．They will go into a form. |
| C．They will try to find water. | D．They will wake up again. |
| A．The special cells in their bodies. | B．Their way of dehydrating. |
| C．A kind of protein in their bodies. | D．The strength of their bodies. |
| A．Business. | B．Fashion. | C．History. | D．Science. |
6 . ①“Volunteering (做志愿工作) can make a real difference to the world. It makes you look at the world differently. You see how little things can change a person’s life for the better, which makes everyone a better person.” Mason, a volunteer said.
②National Volunteer Week started in 1974 and is held every April. It is a time to thank volunteers for their achievements. It is also a perfect opportunity (机会) to encourage others to take their first step toward becoming a volunteer. Making the decision to take the first step can be the biggest problem, because they often wonder if they will be able to meet the organization’s expectations (期望). Some people fear not knowing anyone else in the group. Not having enough time also stops some from sharing their abilities. The following tips can help if you have some of these worries.
③Start out slowly, don’t add too much pressure (压力). Even a few hours a month can make a big difference in someone’s life.
④Choose an organization (组织) with the same interests and common values.
⑤Take part in a training meeting for new volunteers, even if it is not asked.
⑥Work with a experienced volunteer. He volunteered a lot, he can help you increase the confidence and completely understand the organization’s expectations.
⑦Invite a friend or family member to serve. It is a good experience to volunteer with them.
⑧Finally, it is most important to enjoy the volunteer experience and to remember that not all volunteer experiences are perfect. If one experience doesn’t work, don’t give up and you’ll surely find the right opportunity.
⑨Spend some time on volunteer work and you will see great changes in people’s lives. As Mason discovered during his volunteer experience, “...little things can change a person’s life.”
1. Volunteering can help one ________.| A．make a decision | B．see the world clearly | C．live a better life | D．thank other people |
| A．They don’t have enough time. | B．They are stopped by their families. |
| C．They fear that their abilities are shared. | D．They don’t expect to become volunteers. |
| A．Start out quickly. | B．Organize a training meeting. |
| C．Work with volunteers with much experience. | D．Join in a group with different values. |
| A．①/②/③④⑤⑥⑦⑧/⑨ | B．①②/③④⑤⑥⑦⑧/⑨ | C．①/②③④⑤⑥⑦⑧/⑨ | D．①②/③④⑤⑥⑦⑧⑨ |
7 . You must know that the PE exam has become more and more important in China. It makes up 60 points of the whole points of the high school entrance exam in Liaoning Province. But lots of students don’t care more about sports. So I’d say: Don’t begin exercising until you enter Grade Nine or before the exam! Start now!
In middle schools in America, teenagers have to run a mile if they want to pass the PE test. They are timed (计时), and many students compare their times with others’. It might be difficult for students who haven’t got enough exercise to run the complete mile. They have to finish by walking! Students who are out of shape are out of breath after running! They get poor grades and some of them even have to take the class over again!
I think you still have plenty of time to get interested in sports. There are many different sports to try. As you know, the PE exam could include football in the future. Make sure you can find some sports that interest you!
There are many advantages to get fit! You will feel better and look better. You will get ready for your PE exams early. The most important is that you won’t be trying to catch your breath while other students go quickly past you in physical situation and life!
1. If your full points are 810 including your PE points, the points of cultural courses are ________.| A．60 | B．750 | C．810 | D．87 |
| A．needn’t be timed |
| B．has to walk to the finishing line |
| C．might ask the teacher for a rest |
| D．can’t take the PE class over again |
| A．Football. | B．Walking. | C．Running. | D．Baseball. |
| A．High School Entrance Exam | B．How to Be Thin |
| C．How to Have the PE Class | D．Get Fit Early |
8 . If you’re a kid who likes to have fun and chat with friends online, here’s advice on how you can stay safe and avoid problems.
★Visit safer websites. Your parents and teachers can guide you to the best websites. Some websites have age limits (限制). It’s safer to tell the truth and avoid those websites until you’re older.
★Guard your passwords. You can set your own passwords. Passwords are your secret. It’s dangerous to tell your passwords to others. So, don’t share your passwords with anyone except your parents.
★Limit what you share. Never tell a stranger where you live or your phone number. If you’re not sure whether you should share something, ask a parent. Remember that anything you put online is there forever, even if you try to delete it. If you don’t want your class to know or see something, you shouldn’t share it with anyone online, not even your best friends.
★Be choosy about your online friends. Some websites let kids make lots of friends with people they don’t know. But online friends are not the same as real in-person friends. Never agree to meet an online friend in person or give out personal information. It’s dangerous because some people pretend to be kids online but actually are bad adults.
1. In paragraph 3, the writer advises kids to ________.| A．visit safer websites. | B．guard their passwords. |
| C．limit what they share. | D．be choosy about their online friends. |
| A．There are some websites which have age limits. |
| B．You should never tell your parents about your passwords. |
| C．You can tell strangers about your personal information. |
| D．Online friends are the same as real in-person friends. |
| A．encourage students to use the Internet more often |
| B．teach students how to make more friends |
| C．ask students to set safe passwords online |
| D．tell students how to stay safe online |
| A．Online Safety | B．Safe Websites | C．Password Su. | D．Online |
9 . The first castles were built in Europe around the 9th century. These castles were very strong buildings where a king or prince could live safely with his army around him. Such castles let the king or prince watch out for attacks and keep out the people he did not like. The castles also let the king or prince watch the people who lived around the castle.
There were not many castles in Europe around 900 AD, but around 1000 AD things changed. Suddenly, many people were building castles because there was an increase in the fighting in Europe during this time. In 1066, William the Conqueror ordered that many castles must be built in England because he was trying to control the people of England. But William was not alone. Because there were many kings and princes fighting in Europe, many more castles were built. These castles were built to be very strong, so some of them can still be seen today.
The first castles used a simple design. A tower was put on top of a lot of earth. All this earth was put under the tower to make it very tall. Moving all this earth made a huge hole all around the tower. Often, this large hole was filled with water. Stone or wood bridges were used to go across this water to get into the tower. A wall was built around the open area near the tower. The family of the king or prince and some of the people who served him lived within this area so that they would be safe. The first castles were made largely of wood in the beginning, but stone became more popular over time. This was because wood catches fire and burns easily. Stone was a better choice for castles.
1. The first castles were built in Europe so that a king or prince ______.| A．stopped their enemies attacking |
| B．kept out the animals he did not like |
| C．watched the people who lived far away from the castle |
| D．lived a rich and happy life with his family around him |
| A．William the Conqueror let people do it |
| B．there were more fights during that time |
| C．more people wanted to control England |
| D．many kings tried to make them stronger |
| A．Stone. | B．Earth. | C．Wood. | D．Water. |
| A．To introduce the fights in Europe. | B．To introduce the castles in Europe. |
| C．To describe kings’ or princes’ lives. | D．To describe William the Conqueror. |
10 . ①A culture’s two greatest gifts are foods and festivals. They often go hand in hand. In China, moon cakes are eaten for Mid-Autumn Festival. Different kinds of foods are cooked in every culture. When we think of a country, one of the first things we imagine is its food. Follow us around the world to learn more about delicious foods and eating habits.
Italy
②The Italians know how to eat. It is home to the three Ps: pizza, pasta and Parmesan cheese. Italian food writer Marcella Hazan once said Italy has two skills—“the art of cooking, and the art of eating”. So what makes Italian food famous?
③They love fresh food and choose their ingredients (食材) by season. So all year round new flavors (味道) can be seen in the Italian countryside.
Mexico (墨西哥)
④Mexico has a proud food history and has influenced many other countries, especially Spain (西班牙). Mexican dishes have three main ingredients: corn, beans and chili peppers (红胡椒粉).
⑤Corn is used to make tortillas (玉米粉圆饼) and nachos (烤干酪辣味玉米片), which always go with a main dish in Mexico. Dishes are usually very hot and spicy (辣的), as most of them are made with freshly chopped chili peppers. Beans are also an important part of Mexican food culture and are grown to make chocolate. In fact, people loved chocolate so much that it was used in many ancient rituals (古典仪式).
US
⑥The US is home of the hot dog and the place for hot apple pie. It is also the birthplace of fast food culture. The American dinner plate is a mixture of many flavors.
⑦Fast food made eating quick and easy for busy people. However, their big appetite (胃口) has caused big health problems. Eating fast food, along with other unhealthy foods, has caused the US to become one of the most obese (肥胖的) nations in the world.
1. What does the writer think is connected with each other in the text?| A．Foods and festivals. | B．Cultures and countries. |
| C．Foods and eating habits. | D．China and other countries. |
| A．enjoy eating fast food | B．like hot and spicy food |
| C．are quite good at cooking | D．are all most famous artists |
| A．Spain. | B．Italy. | C．Mexico. | D．America. |
(①=Paragraph 1,②=Paragraph 2, ...)
A． | B． | C． | D． |
