名校
解题方法
1 . 青岛胶东国际机场的显著特点之一是弯曲曲线的运用,衡量曲线弯曲程度的重要指标是曲率.考察图所示的光滑曲线
上的曲线段
,其弧长为
,当动点从A沿曲线段
运动到B点时,A点的切线
也随着转动到B点的切线
,记这两条切线之间的夹角为
(它等于
的倾斜角与
的倾斜角之差).显然,当弧长固定时,夹角越大,曲线的弯曲程度就越大;当夹角固定时,弧长越小则弯曲程度越大,因此可以定义
为曲线段
的平均曲率;显然当B越接近A,即
越小,K就越能精确刻画曲线C在点A处的弯曲程度,因此定义曲线
在点
处的曲率计算公式为
,其中
.
的圆弧的平均曲率;
(2)已知函数
,求曲线
的曲率的最大值;
(3)已知函数
,若
曲率为0时x的最小值分别为
,求证:
.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5eefffa1689b5a68786b9a5875f12c0e.png)
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![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/16d65cecaf8a3dc2953f4109c75a981e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/505d83f4d34a8cd385577a6ce93a4b11.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/51c530f4b7491b95acb8ce3eef9aa09d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/07fa72fc4959804b944bfaa93dbe2b21.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/04a9d0e16638396fea6bb3612a96f447.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0a8f385c811ed59d13e7df7f79c39d74.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/2d5bca00fa20e6e80480b9d06d2e52ee.png)
(2)已知函数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/d7bce420cf236e5f429afee284239010.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/51c530f4b7491b95acb8ce3eef9aa09d.png)
(3)已知函数
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/e86f9b172e8232ee105d0436dab312b3.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/0c7921ee6a8981f1f4980cdcb0f921bb.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/8ce7ae90d808f05e86ea063238e4b2f9.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/9f3966bd8e4857ccb70afc0fdbab8e87.png)
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2024-04-15更新
|
467次组卷
|
3卷引用:重庆市乌江新高考协作体2024届高考模拟监测(一)数学试题
解题方法
2 . 球面几何在研究球体定位等问题有重要的基础作用.球面上的线是弯曲的,不存在直线,连接球面上任意两点有无数条曲线,它们长短不一,其中这两点在球面上的最短路径的长度称为两点间的球面距离.
纬线,赤道以北叫做北纬.如图1,将地球看作球体,假设地球半径为
,球心为
,北纬
的纬线所形成的圆设为圆
,且
是圆
的直径,球面被经过球心
和点
,
的平面截得的圆设为圆
,求圆
中劣弧
的长度,并判断其是否是
,
两点间的球面距离(只需判断、无需证明).
(2)如图2,点
,
在球心为
的球面上,且
不是球的直径,试问
,
两点间的球面距离所在的圆弧
是否与球心
共面?若是,写出证明过程,并求出当
,
时,
,
两点间球面距离所在的圆弧
与球心
所形成的扇形
的面积;若不是,请说明理由.
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/235d495d88b8e51f89e2e4da27328025.png)
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![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/f6b86c22b670a8e9f3896f9e8883fbbb.png)
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![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/12fe32dfbd66709875c5b9f79c9496da.png)
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![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/240d929040e21e7991481149b73a79a1.png)
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![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/3953cec61ac602ce5eb59b7912352179.png)
(2)如图2,点
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/5963abe8f421bd99a2aaa94831a951e9.png)
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![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/7f9e8449aad35c5d840a3395ea86df6d.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/16d65cecaf8a3dc2953f4109c75a981e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f919bd3dde10dbbc076f7ec5149699.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/c93ef48e154646ef0564de14a990c2e5.png)
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![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/16d65cecaf8a3dc2953f4109c75a981e.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/23f919bd3dde10dbbc076f7ec5149699.png)
![](https://staticzujuan.xkw.com/quesimg/Upload/formula/6c880639a6164aa127cf38b63aebde50.png)
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