1 . An earthquake is literally an earth-shattering experience! There you are enjoying an afternoon nap, having a cup of coffee in the morning, or even sleeping on a cold winter night when —WHAM! —the entire crockery (陶器) shelf collapses, and all the plates and cups break into pieces. A painting on the wall nearly knocks you down as it falls.
What should one do in an earthquake? The prime-time (黄金时间的) news gives no warning, nor is there a time of year, like the monsoon (风) season, when an earthquake always occurs. Unlike a tornado or hurricane, there is no known way of predicting an earthquake.
Though about 500, 000 earthquakes occur each year, only 100 of them cause damage! However, an earthquake can strike any time of the day or night, so it needs to be prepared for when you have the misfortune of being caught in the middle of one.
If you’re indoors, stay indoors, unless you’re on the ground floor, where you can easily run outside. The best thing to do if you’re indoors is to hide under a strong piece of furniture like a bed or desk. Do not head for the stairway if you’re living on an upper storey, because stairways can collapse.
If you’re driving, get out of traffic and stop on a wide and open road. Do not stop on a bridge, or in another case, under one. Stay inside your car until the shaking stops. Before you restart driving, look out for fissures (裂缝), breaks in the road, and bumps or cracks. Inside your home, be careful not to turn on the gas until you’re sure the cylinder (气罐) is safe, and there is no leak.
Avoid using your telephone unless there’s an emergency. You could be occupying lines that are needed by other people. Lastly, if you’re not trapped or seriously hurt, do not expect fire fighters, army or police to help you. They may be busy rescuing people in greater need than you!
1. What does the underlined word mean in the first paragraph?A.worthwhile | B.amazing | C.endangered | D.earthshaking |
A.No better way has been found to predict earthquakes yet. |
B.The monsoon season disorders because of global warming. |
C.The prime-time news can not receive timely information. |
D.Earthquakes are accompanied by hurricanes or tornadoes. |
A.On the rooftop. | B.Under the stairway. |
C.Under a table. | D.In a wardrobe. |
A.Hurry up to get out of the car. | B.Park away from the bridges. |
C.Call the police for help at once. | D.Turn on gas pipe immediately. |
2 . Since the 1950s, some 9.2 billion tonnes of plastic have been produced globally, of which only about 10% has ever been recycled. Yet environmentally conscious companies and consumers continue to look to recycling as a way to ease the plastic problem. Manufacturing giants claim to be committed to making more of their products and packaging from recycled materials. However, this confidence masks (掩饰) a complex web of issues around plastic recycling. Recycling rates remain extremely low and critics argue that we should look at alternative ways to tackle plastic pollution.
While many plastics have the potential to be recycled, most are not because the process is costly, complicated and the resulting product of a lower quality than the original. Despite rising demand for recycled plastic, few waste companies turn a profit. Part of this is because virgin plastic-linked to oil prices - is often cheaper than recycled plastic, meaning there is little economic incentive to use it. Worse yet, much of our plastic waste is difficult to recycle. Lightweight food packaging, like a mozzarella packet, contains different plastics, dyes and toxic additives (添加剂). This dirty mix means plastic recycled through mechanical methods- the most common form- can only be melted down and moulded (浇铸,塑造) again a couple of times before it becomes too fragile to be reused. And the nature of the process means plastic recycling has a carbon footprint of its own.
Given all of these difficulties, environmental critics say recycling is not the solution-and argue that creating more products from recycled material to attract environmental consciousness merely worsens the problem. “The solution is to use less plastic and to stop misleading the public about the recyclability,” says Enck, president of Beyond Plastics, a US campaign group with a mission to end single-use plastic. “They should stop making false claims about the recyclability of plastics since they know most will either be littered (乱扔) or burned or landfilled (填埋). Using less plastics means shifting to reusable products and relying more on paper, cardboard, glass and metal- -all of which should be made from recycled content.”
1. What is an environmentally conscious customer’s attitude towards recycling plastics?A.Suspicious. | B.Favorable. | C.Indifferent. | D.Disapproving. |
A.motive. | B.issue. | C.crisis. | D.policy. |
A.The recycling process of plastics. | B.Pollutants contained in recycled plastics. |
C.Reasons why users dislike recycled plastics. | D.Contributing factors to low plastic recycling rates. |
A.Using metal or glass food containers. | B.Littering recycled plastics in a landfill. |
C.Processing plastics in a mechanical way. | D.Launching campaigns to promote recyclability. |
3 . Imagine being able to pop to your local park and pick some tomatoes, potatoes or even bananas to take home for dinner. Sounds too good to be true, right? For residents of Andernach, German, it’s not just a dream—it’s their reality.
In 2010, Andernach began its edible(可食用的)city project, planting 101 varieties of tomatoes in public green spaces around the city centre. Its 30,000 residents are free to help themselves to whatever grows, as are any other visitors. The town’s motto of sorts is “Picking is encouraged—help yourself!” Every year a new type of plant is highlighted. In 2011, 100 types of beans were planted, while 2012saw the introduction of 20 onion varieties.
It’s a community effort, as local citizens are encouraged to help plant and maintain the gardens. This offers an opportunity to socialise as well as to learn about planting, cultivating and harvesting food.
An Andernach resident spoke to DW,“I often drop by to pick some herbs that I’m missing at home. Everything is easily accessible. There aren’t any fences. You just take what you need. The only thing is that you have to be quick once the fruits are ripe or they’ll all be gone!”
Andernach may have been the first in German, but it isn’t the only edible city. It’s part of the Edible Cities Network, a project funded by European Union to connect green urban foot initiatives around the world. Other cities include Carthage in Tunisia, Havana in Cuba and Sempeter-Vrtojba in Slovenia. In February 2022, the first Edible Cities Network Conference took place. Dr Ina Saumel, principal investigator of the Edible Cities Network, called it “a unique opportunity to invite researchers of edible city solutions and practitioners to the same table.”
Ultimately, the Edible Cities Network aims to give people “greener, more edible and, above all, more livable cities.” It is a response to the pressures of global climate change, and a significant cause full of hope.
1. What can residents do in public green spaces according to the edible city project?A.Sell the produce they grow there. |
B.Learn knowledge about planting. |
C.Grow whatever plant as they like. |
D.Pay to pick some vegetables there. |
A.Novel and popular. | B.Creative and costly. |
C.Common and fundamental. | D.Rare and unacceptable. |
A.Andernach is the only city to carry it out. |
B.European Union originally established it. |
C.It helps combine theories with practices. |
D.It invites people to share meals together. |
A.To help residents relieve their pressure. |
B.To involve residents in urban planting. |
C.To increase the produce supply in cities. |
D.To create environmentally friendly cities. |
4 . Several days of unusual warm weather in northern Greenland have caused rapid melting(融化). “Temperatures have been running around -12.2 ℃-15.5 ℃. It is warmer than normal for this time of year,” scientists said. The amount of ice that melted in Greenland between July 15 and July 17 alone—6 billion tons of water per day—would be enough to fill 7.2 million Olympic-sized swimming pools, according to the report from the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Put another way, it was enough to cover the whole state of West Virginia with a foot of water.
For the scientists out on the ice sheet(冰盖), the warmth has been alarming. “It really makes me anxious,” said Kutalmis Saylam, a scientist who is now working in Greenland. “Yesterday, we could hang about in our T-shirts, which was not really expected. Since Greenland holds enough ice, sea level would rise by 7.5 meters around the world if ice all melted.”
In 2020, scientists found that Greenland’s ice sheet had melted beyond the point of no return. “No efforts to prevent global warming can stop it from finally breaking into small parts,” said researchers.
Aslak Grinsted, a climate scientist, said that they were trying to get flights into the camp so they can ship out the ice cores(冰芯) they had recently collected. But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site. “The weather we are seeing right now is too hot for the ski-equipped planes to land,” Grinsted said. “So we store the ice cores in large caves we have made into the snow to protect it from the heat of the summer.” Scientists made use of the abnormal warmth while they were waiting, playing volleyball in their shorts on an ice sheet at the top of the world.
Grinsted referred to the temperatures as a heat wave, and noted that the possibility of temperatures getting this hot was clearly connected to global warming.
1. How does the author support the topic of paragraph 1?A.By exploring reasons. | B.By making comparisons. |
C.By designing the numbers. | D.By doing some experiments. |
A.He disliked wearing a T-shirt. |
B.He worried about the warmth. |
C.He was deeply impressed by the ice. |
D.He was thirsty for enjoying the sea view. |
A.Quitting. | B.Improving. | C.Sheltering. | D.Destroying. |
A.Recommend visiting Greenland. |
B.Describe how to ship out the ice core. |
C.Call on people to protect the environment. |
D.Plan to organize a sports meeting on ice. |
5 . When the monthly electricity bill came home, parents always couldn’t believe their eyes, as the amount was much more than needed.
Switch off the lights. Assign one day in a week for a “turn off” practice, for a few hours. Tell the kids the significance of using less electricity and how it impacts the environment.
Use energy-efficient transportation. When parents and their children are out on vacation, have a cycling outing. When the whole family rides bicycles together, it not only serves as a great bonding exercise, but it also teaches the children about eco-friendly transportation options.
Play a game.
A.Watch an environmental film. |
B.Talk with children about their opinions. |
C.Play some games related to environmental protection. |
D.Lecturing kids about environmental issues won’t help. |
E.It makes them aware of the environmental effect of cars. |
F.Light up some candles and play a board game to keep the children occupied. |
G.So parents should urge their children to take up environment -friendly projects. |
6 . In an area that’s surrounded by Scotland’s coal mining past and its industrial present, there’s a transformation happening beneath our feet. Just three years ago this area was re-engineered to bring the coastal wetland back to its natural state.
Allison Leonard, Royal Society for the Protection of Birds, “We tear down the coastal defenses and let the water back in. But within a year or two we were seeing saltmarsh plants reappear. And we’re now three years down the line and you know, it’s all saltmarsh. And at that point we kind of just stepped back and let nature do its thing, and we’re really seeing the wildlife respond. So birds are using it at high tide and we see lots of deer, hares in the spring.”
As well as a diverse wetland habitat, this marsh has become a natural tool in our fight to reduce emissions of greenhouse gas into the atmosphere. Marshland plants absorb one of those key planet-warming gases, carbon dioxide, which then becomes buried in the mud. Lucy Miller, Research technician, University of St Andrews, said “This is some of the most organic-rich soils we find in the UK, compared to agricultural land, forest, forestry land. So we’ll wrap this up in cling film and then just to keep it, hold its shape and then we take it back to the University of St Andrews. We have a laboratory there. We will just perform a couple of experiments using a couple of different machines to measure the different layers, different levels of carbon within the layers of the core here.”
Allowing the sea to reclaim this stretch of land has provided a glimpse of how we can help nature to help us deal with the climate crisis.
1. What do the underlined words “a transformation” refer to?A.The reappearance of saltmarsh. | B.The recovery of the coastal wetland. |
C.The bigger emissions of greenhouse gas. | D.The fiercer climate crisis. |
A.Marshland plants take in harmful gases. | B.Researchers have handled water pollution. |
C.The air quality will be improved. | D.The marsh makes a pollution-free environment. |
A.To measure levels of carbon in each layer. | B.To get the data of different levels of soils. |
C.To check the quality of different soils. | D.To compare different soils. |
A.The industrial transformation. | B.The solution to the climate crisis. |
C.The coastal wetland back to its natural state. | D.The fight to reduce emissions of greenhouse gas. |
7 . Earthquakes happen without warning (前兆). They can happen any time of a day, at any point during the year. But don’t worry because most are so weak that they cannot be felt.
Stay under a desk, table, or other strong furniture. Hold on to it. Or stay in a corner of the building. Cover your face and head with your arms and cover your mouth with a towel or clothing.
Also keep away from a fire.
If you are driving when an earthquake happens, stop the car if it’s safe. Stay inside your car until the earthquake stops, and don’t drive near bridges. Try not to stop by power lines or trees.
A.Do not go outside. |
B.These could fall and hurt you. |
C.Only a few big ones hurt people. |
D.Every earthquake can cause disaster. |
E.You could fall down and burn yourself on the fire. |
F.Stay inside until shaking stops and it is safe to go outside. |
G.Most people get injured by falling things in an earthquake, not by the shaking itself. |
1. Where does the conversation take place?
A.In the street. | B.In an office. | C.On a bus. |
A.There is something wrong with her car. | B.She is determined to protect environment. | C.She wants to save money. |
1.创建目的;
2.创建方式;
3.号召创建。
注意:(1)词数100左右;
(2)可以适当增加细节,以使行文连贯。
Good morning, ladies and gentlemen!
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增加:在漏字符号(/\)下面写出该加的词。
删除:把多余的词用斜线(\)划掉。
修改:在划横线的词下面写出修改后的词。
注意:1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词;2. 不得改变原文意思。
Yesterday I visit the Hong'en Temple Park with my friends. The park was full of beauty flowers. When I were enjoying the wonderful scenery, something unpleasant caught my eye. A young couple on the grass were eating, talking and laughing loud as if they were the only people in the world. What's worse, they even threw rubbish onto the grass, without see the sign "No littering” nearby. What a shame!
Such behavior left me in thought. If all visitors do as the young couples did, the park will be severely polluting and soon turned into a huge dustbin. I think both of us should mind our behavior in the public places. Only in this way can we live more comfortable and beautiful surroundings.