1 . Plants on Earth have grown for hundreds of millions of years, yet President Donald Trump’s pick to lead his new climate team insists that they need more carbon dioxide (CO₂) to boom.

Princeton physicist and carbon dioxide-advocate William Happer has been selected to head the brand new Presidential Committee on Climate Security. The atomic scientist, who achieved recognition for his work on atomic collisions (原子碰撞), not climate science, declared that the planet’s atmosphere needs significantly more CO₂, which is reported to speed up climate change. Happer said plants use CO₂ to live and more CO₂ is actually a benefit to the Earth. He also stressed that Earth is experiencing a “CO₂ starvation”, and concludes that “If plants could vote, they would vote for coal.”

Earth and plant scientists, however, find Happer’s insistence that the plant kingdom would benefit from increased CO₂ wrong-headed and it lacks evidence. For example, Earth’s CO₂ levels have increased sharply in the last century, and are now at their highest levels in at least 800,000 years—though other measurements show CO₂ levels are higher than they’ve been in 15 million years. “The idea that increased CO₂ is universally beneficial ‘to plants’ is very misguided,” Jill Anderson, an evolutionary ecologist specializing in plant populations, said in an interview. Data shows the evolution of global average temperature and CO₂ concentration from 1850 to 2019. Though 2019 is a bit cooler than recent years, it still is one of the warmest years ever and lies close to the trend line of global warming.

Both independent academic organizations and government agencies around different parts of the world concluded more CO₂ will bring many negative impacts to plant environments. And they added that “If someone is going to claim it is good, it’s necessary for them to show evidence.”

1. Why does Happer think plants need more CO₂?

A．Plants vote for more CO2.	B．CO2 speeds up climate change.
C．Plants need more CO2 to live.	D．CO2 is actually a benefit to the Earth.

2. What can be inferred from paragraph 3?

A．2019 is a bit warmer than recent years.

B．CO2 levels must be the highest in history.

C．The plant kingdom must benefit from increased CO2.

D．There are adequate evidence to support Happer’s insistence.

3. What does the underlined word “it” in the last paragraph probably refer to?

A．More CO2.	B．The plant.
C．The world.	D．The US government.

4. The author’s attitude in writing this passage can be described as ________.

A．critical	B．objective
C．positive	D．negative

2 . Five Ways to Go Green and Save Green

Climate change is in the news. It seems like everyone's “going green.” We're glad you want to take action too. Luckily many of the steps we can take to stop climate change can make our lives better. Let's start now.

Save energy to save money.

Set your thermostat（恒温器）degrees lower in the winter and a few degrees higher in the summer to save on heating and cooling costs.

    1     As much as 85 percent of the energy used to machine-wash clothes goes to heat the water.

Unplug (拔掉……的电源插头) electrical equipment when you're not using it.

Save water to save money.

Take shorter showers to reduce water use. This will lower your water and heating bills too.

Plant drought-tolerant (耐旱的) native plants in your garden.     2    Find out about these plants in your area.

Fix a low-flow showerhead. They don't cost much and the water and energy savings can quickly pay back your money.

    3    

Walk or bike to work. This saves on gas and parking costs while improving your health and reducing your risk of being fat.

Eat smart.

If you eat meat, add one meatless meal a week. Meat costs a lot at the store and it's even more expensive when you consider the related environmental and health costs.

    4    Purchasing from local farmers keeps money in the local economy.

Avoid bottled water.

    5    

Use a water filter (过滤器) to make drinking water instead of buying bottled water. Not only is bottled water expensive but it causes large amounts of container waste.

A．When speaking of something to eat, try local products whenever you can.

B．Our grandchildren and their children will thank us for living green.

C．Bring a reusable water bottle with you when traveling or at work.

D．Wash clothes in cold water whenever possible.

E．Less gas = more money and better health!

F．Move a little nearer to your work.

G．Many plants need little watering.

3 . 短文改错

Spring has come with all its beauty! Trees have turned green or flowers can be seeing everywhere. Last Friday, my friends and me went on a spring outing. It was such a great fun! We cycled along the streams and down the paths. It didn't take us long to get the foot of the mountain, when we left our bikes. Then we begin hiking. As we reached the top of the mountain, we were shocking to see many plastic bottle and food bags here and there. All of us started to collect the rubbish and then took it down the mountain. We felt happily to have done our part for the environment.

4 . Health officials in Canada are very busy these days. They are placing chickens at fixed points all along their border with the United States of America. That’s a great distance of 2,500km. It’s not a practical joke, nor have the Canadians gone mad. They are using these chickens to see if the deadly West Nile virus is hiding around. The virus infects birds, so they think that the chickens have a good chance of catching the virus, or the virus will catch the chickens. The Canadians are worried because the West Nile virus is transmitted to humans by mosquitoes. It killed seven people in New York last year.

Countries around the world are realizing something important that it may just be possible to stop certain kinds of people from entering their land, but it is very difficult to stop viruses travelling from one end of the earth to the other. When they travel to new places, they sometimes adjust very easily to those climates and start destroying the local plant and animal life. These biological polluters are called smart polluters, which can be carried across borders of countries unknowingly. Just as we humans are travelling across the globe more often than earlier, these biological polluters have also started journeying much more. They travel in the ballast(压舱物）of tankers. They sneak into aircraft through their wheels. They bore their way into objects that air travelers may be carrying from one country to another.

The customs officials in many foreign countries prevent you from bringing in a small plant, or a decorative item made of wood that is in its natural form. They tell you it’s in the rules. They have these rules because they know that these varieties of plants that are special to specific places have the power to spread new diseases among native plants and animals. They always create problems in places where they do not belong. Viruses causing these new diseases could come with special varieties of plants, bugs or even animals.

1. Which of the following best explains “transmitted” underlined in Paragraph 1?

A．Passed.	B．Supplied.
C．Promised.	D．Addressed

2. Why is it very difficult to stop viruses travelling?

A．They can hide from anyone.

B．They can never be killed in any case.

C．They can be spread by many approaches.

D．They can evolve to suit any environment.

3. What can we infer about customs rules from the last paragraph?

A．Native plants and animals mustn’t be exported.

B．Animals can be brought into any country freely.

C．No plants can be brought across country borders.

D．Special living things are forbidden to be imported.

4. Which of the following is the best title of the text?

A．Wipe Out All the Viruses	B．The Smart Polluters
C．The Basic Customs Rules	D．A Practical Joke of Canada

5 . Finding a mountain goat resting high on a cliff(悬崖) might thrill many of the millions of tourists who visit Wyoming’s Grand Teton National Park every year, but park officials say it might be time for the bearded animals to go.

The problem, according to the park, is that Grand Teton’s 100 or so mountain goats threaten about 80 bighorn sheep. The bighorn sheep numbered as many as 125 just a few years ago. The strong goats spread disease and compete with bighorn sheep for food. Unlike small-sized bighorn sheep, Grand Teton’s mountain goats aren’t native to the park. They were introduced to the park in the 1960s.

Grand Teton spokeswoman Denise Germann said, “We’ve got a management responsibility to protect the native species. After hearing from the public on the proposal (建议) in January, park officials expect to decide as soon as mid-February on what to do about the mountain goats.”

The goats are reproducing rapidly. Now might be the best time to reduce the animals before they’re too many to bring under control, according to the Park Service.

One wildlife biologist who studies bighorn sheep praised the proposal. Mountain goats’ original habitat is nowhere close to where they’ve been introduced in the U.S. to provide hunting opportunities, said Rob Roy Ramey II, with Nederland, Colorado-based Wildlife Science International, Inc.

Wildlife managers should get rid of mountain goats not only in Grand Teton but elsewhere to help struggling bighorn sheep, Ramey said. “Unfortunately, state wildlife agencies sell nonnative wildlife viewing opportunities to the public,” Ramey said. “This is not a zoo in the wilderness. It should really be for native wildlife.”

1. What can be learnt about the bighorn sheep in the park?

A．Their size is huge.	B．Their number is decreasing.
C．They arrived in the 1960s.	D．They threaten local species.

2. How did the public help park officials protect the bighorn sheep?

A．By providing suggestions.	B．By driving away mountain goats.
C．By volunteering in the park.	D．By taking over Grand Teton National Park.

3. What is Germann’s attitude towards the bighorn sheep?

A．Curious.	B．Proud.
C．Surprised.	D．Concerned.

4. What was the purpose of bringing in mountain goats in the beginning?

A．To offer hunting chances.

B．To sell nonnative wildlife.

C．To satisfy wildlife managers.

D．To increase diversities of sheep.

6 . Over millions of years， African penguins have developed a keen sense of where to find food． Once they're old enough， they set off from the shores on which they were hatched（孵化） for the first time and swim long distances in search of tasty fish like anchovies and sardines． But they don't search directly for the fish themselves． When African penguins head out to sea， they look for areas with low surface temperatures and high chlorophyll（叶绿素）． Because those conditions signal the presence of algae（藻类）． And lots of algae means lots of plankton（浮游动物）， which in turn means lots of their favorite fish． Well， that's what it used to mean．

Climate change plus overfishing have made the penguin feeding grounds a mirage（海市蜃楼）． The habitat is indeed plankton﹣rich， but now it's fish﹣poor． Researchers call this an "ecological trap．" "It's a situation where you have a signal that previously pointed an animal towards good﹣quality habitat． That habitat has been changed， usually by human pressures． The signal stays， but the quality in the environment gets worse．"

Richard Sherley， a zoologist at the University of Exeter and his team used satellite imaging to track the African penguins from eight sites along southern Africa． Historically， the birds benefited from tons of fish off the coasts of Angola， Namibia and western South Africa， but now they're going hungry．

"I was really hoping we'd see them going east， and finding areas which the fish had moved to but it ends up being quite a sad story for the penguins．" said Richard．

The researchers calculate that by falling into this ecological trap， African penguin populations on South Africa's Western Cape have declined by around 80 percent．

Some research groups are exploring the idea of moving them to a place where they can't get trapped， like the Eastern Cape． But Sherley thinks that a solution in the long run means making and carrying out rules to create more sustainable（可持续的） fishing industry， which needs public support．

1. How do penguins find their food？

A．They discover fish with their keen sense．

B．They swim long distances directly for fish．

C．They make signals to each other when finding fish．

D．They look for warmer and greener areas．

2. What is an ecological trap for the African penguins？

A．A trap set to catch penguins．

B．A good fish habitat with few fish．

C．A habitat rich in plankton．

D．A mirage on the sea．

3. What can be done to help the penguins in the long run？

A．Move the penguins to other places．

B．Create nature reserves for penguins．

C．Keep a balanced fishing industry．

D．Increase the population of penguins．

4. What is the main idea of the passage？

A．African penguins are losing their habitats．

B．African penguins are falling into ecological traps．

C．A sustainable development is needed．

D．African penguin populations have declined．

7 . If you travel, you will leave a carbon footprint in your wake. You can’t help it. But eco-friendly travel practices can lighten the harm on Mother Earth. Green travel is not a passing trend but a lifestyle choice.     1    .

Choosing a green destination

No destination is a Green Giant.     2    . However, some countries and cities show a deep commitment to Earth-friendly policies and practices. When researching a vacation spot, look for places that naturally embrace the green lifestyle.

Choosing green transportation

What makes Mother Earth proud? Seeing you use your own power to get around. Many adventure tour operators arrange cycling, hiking and walking holidays.     3    . The greenest rides typically run on electric power. Switzerland is taking the lead with its hybrid buses and trains powered by hydroelectricity; Japan is running close behind.

Choosing a green hotel

Once you are at your destination, if you can get the hotel right, you can make the greatest impact.     4    . Look for a fact sheet online, or call the front desk. You can also search for hotels approved by respected certification programs, such as Green Key and the Global Sustainable Tourism Council.

    5    

The Earth-friendly choices are numerous: You can sail, bike, kayak, bike, swim, bird-watch and play I-spy-a-monkey in a tree. Visit a local food market, and don’t forget to bring a reusable bag for purchases. You can also lend a hand during your holiday. The green movement has changed from how to preserve and protect to how to use less and do good when you’re there.

A．Choosing green travel

B．Choosing green activities

C．Next in line are trains and buses

D．They all make environmental missteps

E．Most major chains operate in-house green program

F．If you plan to drive, consider a fuel-efficient vehicle

G．Follow the tips and watch your footprints turn greener

8 . 听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。
1. What happened to the man this morning?

A．He was late.

B．He saw an accident.

C．He was fined.

2. What is everyone talking about at present?

A．Private cars.

B．Air pollution.

C．Clean energy.

3. What transportation does the woman suggest?

A．The bus.

B．The car.

C．The subway.

9 . 假设你是新华中学的李华，将参加主题为“Let’s Ride Bicycles”的英语演讲比赛，请撰写 份演讲稿，内容主要包括:
1.目前汽车带来的空气污染和交通堵塞等问题；
2.骑自行车的益处，如节能环保、有利健康等。
参考词汇:环保的(environmentally friendly)
注意:1、词数100词左右；
2、演讲稿开头和结尾已经给出，不计入总词数。
Good morning, everyone.
___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
That is all. Thank you!

10 . 听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。
1. When did the storm start?

A．This morning.

B．This afternoon.

C．Last night.

2. Who has been rescued by boat?

A．People living in low areas.

B．People living near the hills.

C．People living near the ocean.

3. How many people are without power?

A．Thousands.

B．Hundreds.

C．Several

4. What does the Weather Service suggest people do?

A．Not leave their homes.

B．Turn off their electricity.

C．Drive carefully through water.