1 . The first way we learn to communicate is through body language — our facial expressions, our gestures and, when we’re older, our postures. Even after we figure out how to speak, this non-verbal communication still exerts (施加) a powerful and often unconscious influence over our interactions, people’s first impressions of us and even our impressions of ourselves.
Change how you feel
To de-stress: Forcing a smile can make running easier and tough tasks less stressful. One 2012 experiment found that a grin makes holding your hand in ice water more bearable.
To feel more confident:
To persevere:
Change how others feel
To foster connections: Mirroring the facial expressions and gestures of the person you’re talking to can help them feel more comfortable. One 2011 experiment found this is an effective sales skill.
To engage or disengage: If you want to let someone know you’re listening, sit facing them with your full body, knees and shoulders pointed at them.
| A．To come across as sincere |
| B．But if you want to spread tension, angle your body slightly away — facing full-on is confrontational (对抗性的) when things get heated |
| C．Here’s how to use body language to everyone’s benefit |
| D．Making your index finger (食指) and middle finger crossed can help you gather strength |
| E．To inform people |
| F．Standing like Wonder Woman — legs apart, hands on hips, chest up — may make you feel more powerful |
| G．Crossing your arms across your chest can help you persist in solving a problem |
1. Which year can the family name “Gotobed” date back to?
| A．1296. | B．1279. | C．1269. |
| A．“Nutter”. | B．“Onions”. | C．“Hardmeat”. |
| A．It’s unusual in the UK now. |
| B．It could be a misspelling of a village. |
| C．It has something to do with a bad smell. |
| A．They’re both connected with eating. |
| B．They’re both related to Ireland. |
| C．Their spellings both have been changed. |
In February 2022, I began learning Chinese with the
The one thing that truly makes me feel comfortable is making friends and engaging
During breaks from study, I frequently travels across China. I’ve explored cities like Shanghai, Chongqing, and Changsha in Hunan province, among others. Though I have experienced traveling on overnight trains for over 12 hours several times and explored
Chinese calligraphy is an artistic practice of writing Chinese characters, often with a brush and ink on xuan paper. The evolution of Chinese calligraphy
Calligraphy is a demanding and
Calligraphy is refined art. Lan Ting Xu (The Orchid Pavilion Preface),
Where there is Chinese language, there is Chinese calligraphy,
Language is naturally acquired when children are able to use it pleasurably, and language acquisition by children
Based
Chen
She said that reading is a shortcut to learning English in a foreign language environment, as quality reading materials introduce children to genuine dialogue they can reproduce in real-life
“Children read because they love to read, not because they are told that reading is important for learning English. We should allow them
She added that relieving anxiety, making children feel safe, and allowing them to experience a sense of
6 . How similar are language and music?
Language is part of our daily lives, no matter where we live in the world.
Both language and music have a writing system.
In English we record language using the alphabet, which is a collection of letters. Similarly, we use notes (音符) to keep a record of music. Musicians read notes and create meaning in the form of music.
You can make a good guess at where someone is from by listening to the language he uses. In the same way, we know that styles of music are different around the world, giving us the opportunity to explore many different cultures through their music and providing us with music for every situation.
Both share emotion.
| A．Both are expressive. |
| B．Both vary with culture. |
| C．How do you know that I am angry? |
| D．We use language to express our thoughts. |
| E．Similarly, music is part of many people’s lives. |
| F．So just as you read English, you can read music. |
| G．In contrast, you probably also listen to sad music when you are feeling down. |
7 . A map on social media shows “languages where the word for ‘mother/mom’ takes an m-sound”. Scores of countries are shaded red.
The word mama does not sound like a mother, but it does show one feature of language: the fact that some sounds are more widespread than others around the world. A few consonants (辅音), such as b, m, p, t, d and k, show up far more frequently, in nearly every spoken language in the world. That is almost certainly because they are easy to make.
A baby vocalising (发声) will, at first, make a sound like “ah”, which requires little in the way of control over the mouth. If they briefly close their mouth and continue vocalising, air will come out of their nose, thus making the m-sound that is used in “mother” around the world.
Though the “mamas” bear the most obvious similarity, the “papas” have striking commonalities (共性), too. Babies can easily stop their breath when they close their lips. This produces a b-or a p-sound. It is surely for this reason that so many names for “father” use these consonants: papa in English, abb in Arabic and baba in Chinese. T- and d-sounds are similarly basic, involving a simple press of the tongue against the teeth: hence daddy, tatay (Tagalog) or tayta (Quechua).
Father and mother are, therefore, an oddity. F-is not especially easy to make; th-sounds are even harder. English, Greek and Spanish are unusual in having them, and French-, German- and Italian-speakers struggle very much with them, often using related consonants instead. Children may struggle with th-sounds when they are five, or older still in many cases.
This helps solve the mystery of why, despite parents being formally known as “mother” and “father”, so few children call them that. Few parents will insist on children using the proper term to refer to them, especially if it means waiting until a child is seven and can pronounce it.
1. What do words for “mother” in many languages have in common?| A．They include the “ah” sound. | B．They are the first words of babies. |
| C．They have the easy-to-make m-sound. | D．They require a wide-open mouth to say. |
| A．Their nose and teeth. | B．Their mouth and nose. |
| C．Their tongue and teeth. | D．Their lips and tongue. |
| A．The Greeks. | B．The English. | C．The Spanish. | D．The French. |
| A．The universal mama | B．The most widespread sounds |
| C．The languages of the world | D．The vocalisation of consonants |
Eleven-year-old Kristina shouted on the phone. Vera, her mother, packing lunches for her two children, heard the shouting and dashed to Kristina. Kristina gave her the phone. Kristina was talking to her father at his doctor’s office in Moscow, Russia.
“Vlad, why is Kristina shouting?” began Vera in Russian.
“Vera, this afternoon I must attend a conference at her school. But I cannot be there. I have an important meeting. Why don’t you attend it?” Vlad replied.
"How can I go?”
“You are not going to a forest. You’ll be fine!”
“I know, but I can’t speak English properly. It’s a rule at her school.”
“You can manage. GO!”
Vera turned to Kristina, “Kristina, your father is busy. I will come instead of him.”
Kristina shouted, “Mother, you can’t speak English. How can you come to the conference? NO!” She plowed through her mother and ran sobbing. But Vera convinced Kristina. As there was no option, she agreed and left for school.
Vera was depressed. She felt that if only she knew English, she could avoid such situations. But “how is it possible for me to learn English while balancing so many tasks?” Suddenly, she realized that Andrei was getting late, so she got him ready and walked him to school.
In the afternoon, Vera attended the conference at the school. All the teachers and staff gave a warm welcome to Vera. Kristina kept quieting her mother. All she said were phrases like, “You are embarrassing!” “Stop talking!” and “You do not know English!” Ignoring her daughter’s comments, Vera managed to keep her cool and finished the meeting.
After delivering a cake to a customer, Vera went home to start dinner. At home, she asked her mother-in-law where Kristina was. She said that Kristina had gone to study with her friends. While they were talking, Kristina walked in.
Vera asked, “Why did you go out? You can study at home, you know!”
“I have doubts about English Literature. Can YOU clarify them?” Kristina said in an arrogant (傲慢的) tone.
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
At dinner, Vera complained about Kristina’s behavior to Vlad.
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The next day, she saw an advertisement from LCC, The London Language Center, on the TV.
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9 . What defines us? If pressed, I would answer that if there is any part of me that sits at my core, then surely it must be my moral center, my deep-seated sense of right and wrong.
And I often feel that I’m a slightly different person in each language I speak — more determined in English, more relaxed in French, and more emotional in Czech. Is it possible that, along with these differences, my moral guidelines also point in somewhat different directions depending on the language I’m using?
In a research led by Albert Costa, volunteers were presented with a moral dilemma known as the “train problem”: Imagine that a train is charging at five people standing on the track, unable to move. The only way to stop the train and spare the five people is push another stranger off a footbridge into its path. Costa and his colleagues found that posing the dilemma in a language that volunteers had learned as foreign tongue dramatically increased their willingness to push the sacrificial person off the footbridge, from fewer than 20% respondents using their native language to about 50% of those using the foreign one.
In another research conducted by Janet Greipel, volunteers read acts that many people find immoral, such as stories where someone cooked and ate his dog after it had been Keadby car. Those who read the stories in a foreign language perceived these actions less wrong than those who read them in their native tongue.
The difference in this judgment comes down to two separate and competing thinking patterns — one of these, a quick and direct feeling, and the other, careful deliberation about the greatest good for the largest number. When we use a foreign language, we unconsciously sink into the more deliberate mode simply because the effort of operating in our no-native language activates our cognitive system. This is similar to findings that reading math problems in a hard-to-read typeface (字体) makes people less likely to make careless mistakes.
1. What can we learn about the author from the first two paragraphs?| A．He invests time in studying language. | B．He perceives languages differ slightly. |
| C．He ignores the role of moral concepts. | D．He thinks languages relate to morals. |
| A．By carefully citing examples. | B．By collecting and listing data. |
| C．By conducting experiments. | D．By analyzing people’s habits. |
| A．To justify a thinking pattern. | B．To present a new finding. |
| C．To clarify the cognitive system. | D．To warn against making mistakes. |
| A．Morality. The Core of People | B．Languages: Insights into Judgments |
| C．Languages: A Shaping Power to Morality | D．Morality: A New Way to Learn Languages |
“China is a major country in the world and at the center of many developments. To study China and its language can broaden children’s minds and improve
She
Around 140 students and teachers from 17 schools were present at the event earlier this month. They interspersed (点缀) the prize-giving ceremony with
“And those were just the small number of students
“China is playing an important part in the
