Gestures refer to the communication where visible bodily actions are used to communicate important messages. They include movement of hands, face, or other parts of the body. Gestures benefit our lives a lot. Take language learning.
In some languages, certain syllables (音节) within words are pronounced with markedly more weight than others, called lexical stress. Languages such as English commonly feature lexical stress. For example, the word “accent” involves more emphasis on the first syllable, “ac”, than the second, “cent”. Native speakers of Chinese, however, don’t use lexical stress and therefore find it difficult to learn languages that feature it.
Making any hand gesture could help learners recognize lexical stress, which has been proved by Xing Tian’s team. They selected 124 native Chinese speakers, who watched videos of people performing hand movements that were synced(同步的) to recordings of the same English words. In addition, they also found when more pronounced gestures matched the stressed syllable, the participants were particularly good at identifying it.
The research involved several experiments, which makes it difficult to combine the results. Nevertheless, Tian estimates that the use of gestures helped identify lexical stress between 10 and 15 percent more accurately compared with no gestures at all, and how much help depends on the nature of gestures.
A follow-up study conducted by another team exposed the same Chinese speakers to Russian words and got similar results. “Our findings highlight the functional role of gestures in enhancing speech learning, suggesting practical strategies for language teaching and learning,” the researchers write in their paper.
The benefits of gestures extend far beyond teaching and learning. Since gestures are deeply integrated into our daily lives, they deserve more of our attention.
1. What do gestures mean?2. What did Xing Tian’s team find in their study?
3. Please decide which part is false in the following statement, then underline it and explain why.
Gestures help learn lexical stress, but the degree to which they help depends on the complexity of the lexical stress.
4. Besides what is mentioned in the passage, how do gestures benefit you in your life? (In about 40words)
When I lived in Boston, I taught English as a second language to adult students from around the world. On the last day, they threw a nice party. I was amazed they had learned enough English
Being able to understand local jokes is often seen as a great icebreaker for a foreign language learner
4 . In some ways, it is surprising that languages change. After all, they are passed down through the generations reliably enough for parents and children to communicate with each other.
Languages change for a variety of reasons. Large-scale shifts often occur in response to social, economic, and political pressures, as there are many examples of language change fueled by invasions, colonization, and migration.
A.Changes in sound are somewhat harder to document but just as interesting. |
B.Yet linguists find that all living languages change over time — at different rates though. |
C.As long as people are using a language, that language will undergo some change. |
D.All natural languages change, and language change affects all areas of language use. |
E.The three main areas of language that change over time are vocabulary, sentence structure, and pronunciation. |
F.Even without these kinds of influences, a language can change dramatically if enough users adopt a new way of speaking. |
G.The vocabulary and phrases people use depend on where they live, their age, education level, social status and other factors. |
While China celebrates the year of the rabbit, many Vietnamese are buying new cat-themed decorations. How the cat substituted for the rabbit
1.听说学习的重要性;
2.学习中遇到的问题;
3.你的建议。
注意:1.词数不少于100;
2.适当增加细节,使文章连贯;
3.开头、结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear friends,
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That's all. Thank you for listening.
Human history begins with stories. Some stories are so important that they
Learner’s dictionaries, all in English, are specially designed to help students.
9 . A Fluent Advantage
When schools go through budget cuts, foreign language classes are often placed on the cutting block. School administrators often do not understand how important foreign language study is for their students’ success in the real world. Far from cutting language classes, schools should be demanding them for all students. Studying a foreign language should be required in middle schools.
Language study strengthens students’ minds. Many studies have indicated that multilingual people—people who speak more than one language—are better at certain tasks. Specifically, multilingual people have better executive function than people who speak only one language. Executive function is the way the brain manages all the information it’s given, such as performing different tasks and deciding what to focus on. In brain scans, multilingual people show increased activity in the areas of the brain that control executive function. Researchers have guessed that this advantage exists because multilingual people must constantly decide which words from which language to use. As a result, multilingual people get lots of practice with executive function. Their brains can then apply those skills to other tasks, like paying attention or multitasking. This effect is especially strong for people who grow up speaking more than one language. The earlier students start language classes, the more benefits they may get from language study.
Moreover, language study helps prepare students for their future careers. Today, language skills are in high demand on the job market and more and more businesses work in many countries across the world. As businesses become global, they need people who can communicate easily across national borders. To prepare for their careers, more students should be learning foreign languages. From 2010 to 2015, the demand in the United States for workers who speak a second language doubled. This trend included workers of all skill levels and backgrounds.
Of course, in order to make better use of the advantages of foreign language study, middle school foreign language classes should not just make students memorize new words and sounds.
They must also teach students about new cultures. Foreign language classes should be required to include lessons about history, literature, customs, and government along with the languages themselves. These subjects will help students become better global citizens and support their studies in other subjects.
Requiring middle schoolers to study a foreign language offers them opportunities to sharpen their brains. It also gives them tools that will help them become productive members of today’s global society.
1. How does the author feel about foreign language study in middle schools?A.More foreign language classes should be offered in middle schools. |
B.Taking a foreign language class in middle schools should be a choice. |
C.Foreign language classes should be cut because of the limited funds. |
D.Studying a foreign language should be a middle school requirement. |
A.people who speak more than one language have better executive function |
B.being able to work in another country doubles people’s job opportunities |
C.people learn languages better as young people than when they are older |
D.people’s executive function improves after foreign language classes |
A.To sum up his argument. | B.To put forward a solution. |
C.To emphasize his point of view. | D.To introduce an additional suggestion. |
I: Introduction P: Point Sp: Sub-point (次要点) C: Conclusion
A. | B. |
C. | D. |
1. 诗词的题目和作者;
2. 诗词的主要内容;
3. 你推荐该诗词的理由。
注意:1. 词数不少于 50;
2. 开头和结尾已给出,不计入总词数。
Dear Jim,
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Yours,
Li Hua