1. What can we know about the girl?
| A．She got a bad mark in the exam. |
| B．She got some advice in the exam. |
| C．She got a good mark in the exam. |
| A．Do lots of reading comprehension exercises. |
| B．Try to speak English more. |
| C．Read some English books. |
| A．Read a book. |
| B．Watch a film. |
| C．Learn twenty new words. |
1．培养兴趣；
2．多阅读；
3．中文电影。
注意：
1．词数100词左右(信的开头和结尾已经给出，并不计入总词数)；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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3 . American Phrases for Warning or Advising Someone
The other day, I started crossing a busy street in Washington, D. C., while looking at my phone. Suddenly, I heard a man shout, “Watch out!” He was telling me about an oncoming car.
To warn someone means to tell the person about possible danger or trouble. In English, there are several ways to do this.
When warning someone of danger, you can say, “Watch out!” just like the man said to me on the street. You can also say, “Look out!” or “Be careful!” For example, it could be that a moving vehicle or large animal is near. Or you might want to tell someone quickly that they will fall or crash into something or someone.
Look out for that tree!
Watch out! There’s a car coming.
Be careful! The floor is wet.
Note also that we sometimes use “Careful” or “Be careful” in situations that are not urgent. For instance, someone want to touch a valuable item.
| A．You want him or her to do it carefully. |
| B．These often begin with the word “Don’t.” |
| C．Some warnings are urgent and immediate. |
| D．I did not know that the crossing light was red. |
| E．Americans often say, “Careful!” instead of “Be Careful!” |
| F．Or you see a heavy object is going to drop or hit someone. |
| G．Other strong warnings involve direct orders about not doing something. |
4 . Every 40 days a language dies. This “catastrophic” loss is being intensified by the climate crisis; according to linguists. If nothing is done, conservative estimates suggest that half of all the 7000 languages currently spoken will be extinct by the end of the century.
Speakers of minority languages have experienced a long history of persecution (迫害) , with the result that by the 1920s half of all indigenous (土著的) languages in Australia, the US, South Africa and Argentina were extinct. The climate crisis is now considered the “final nail in the coffin” for many indigenous languages and the knowledge they represent.
“Languages are already endangered,” says Anastasia Richl, director of the Strathy language unit at Queen’s University in Kingston, Ontario. Huge factors are globalization and migration, as communities move to regions where their language is not spoken or valued, according to Richl. “It seems particularly cruel,” she says, “that most of the world’s languages are in parts of the world that are growing unpleasant to people.” Vanuatu, a South Pacific island nation measuring 12,189km2, has 110 languages, the highest density (密度) of languages on the planet. It is also one of the countries most at risk of sea level rise, she says. “Many small language communities are on islands and coastlines easily subject to hurricanes and sea level rise.” Others live on lands where rising temperature threatens traditional farming and fishing practices, leading to migration.
In response to the crisis, the UN launched the International Decade of Indigenous Languages in 2022. Promoting and conserving languages of indigenous communities is “not only important for them, but for all humanity”, said Csaba Korosi, the UN general assembly president, urging countries to allow access to education in indigenous languages.
1. What is the writer mainly concerned about?| A．The disappearance of languages. | B．The challenge of climate change. |
| C．The reaction to the language crisis. | D．The trend of the speedy globalization. |
| A．To explain the main reason for language density. |
| B．To show the common features of endangered languages. |
| C．To stress the impact of geographical position on migration. |
| D．To illustrate the situation of minority language communities. |
| A．Support migrants to access local education. |
| B．Discourage people from massive migration. |
| C．Improve the living conditions of minority groups. |
| D．Preserve the languages of indigenous communities. |
| A．Faced with Disasters: Communities Have to Leave |
| B．Lost for Words: Rising Seas Bring Threat of Catastrophe |
| C．Upset at Extinction: UN Urges International Cooperation |
| D．Involved in Action: Experts Seek Solutions to Climate Crisis |
5 . There are many idioms in English. An idiom is a phrase that we can’t understand from the meaning of each word. The following are some of them.
As the crow flies
When a bird flies from place to place, it takes the most direct route. But when people drive, they have to follow roads and often go farther. When people give a distance “as the crow flies”, they mean the shortest distance between the two points, not the distance you would have to travel by following roads.
As Dan and his mum drove along the river, they could see the beach on the opposite side, Dan asked “How far is it to the beach?”
“It’s only about a quarter of a mile as the crow flies,” his mother said.
Blow hot and cold
In one of Aesop’s Fables, a man blows on his fingers to warm them up and then blows on his soup to cool it down. In both cases, the man is opening his mouth, but what comes out is different. If a person says one thing and later says the opposite, we say that the person is blowing hot and cold.
“Is Felicia going to tryout for the soccer team this year?” Stacy asked.
“I don’t know,” Tricia replied.” Last week she was saying yes, but this week she’s saying no. She’s really blowing hot and cold.”
Break the ice
Nowadays people use the phrase to refer to ending an awkward silence by beginning a conversation.
It was the first day of summer camp. The four girls began to make their beds in silence. None of the girls knew each other, and no one knew what to say. Finally, one of them broke the ice by saying “Hey, where’s everybody from?”
Bury the hatchet
In native American culture, when two nations agreed to end their war, they buried the hatchet. So to bury the hatchet is to make peace with someone else.
Colin could not excuse his sister for breaking his tennis racket. Finally, his sister said, “Colin, can’t we bury the hatchet?”
1. What does “as the crow flies” mean?| A．By plane. |
| B．At top speed. |
| C．In a straight line. |
| D．In the smoothest way. |
| A．As the crow flies. |
| B．Blow hot and cold. |
| C．Break the ice. |
| D．Bury the hatchet. |
| A．In a fiction story. |
| B．In an academic essay. |
| C．In a students’ magazine. |
| D．On a commercial brochure. |
6 . I am often asked how I learned to speak, read and write Chinese. The short answer, in my case, was a combination of good fortune and hard work.
The first year was fun, but then our teacher moved to China and the replacement was ill-equipped for the task. The next year my family moved to the US. For the next two years I studied Chinese with a tutor who came to my home. She was my first native Chinese speaking teacher. She had been living in the US for over a decade. We got along well and I have many fond memories of our lessons.
Back in Australia to start Grade 11, my new school was chosen partly because it offered advanced Chinese classes.
By the time I arrived in Beijing in February 2014, I could already read and write Chinese pretty well.
| A．So I chose Chinese |
| B．I nearly decided to give up Chinese |
| C．She told me many interesting stories about living in the US |
| D．Grammar patterns I had been using for years suddenly made sense |
| E．In Grade 12 I had an opportunity to travel to China with a school trip |
| F．I seriously doubt whether I would have continued Chinese without her influence |
| G．Part of the good fortune is that I have a brain that seems built for language study |
7 . According to the statistics shared by UNESCO, at least 43% of the total languages being spoken across the world are in danger of extinction. Moreover, many languages around the world have less than 1,000 speakers now. Linguists (语言学家) and researchers believe that by the end of the century, at least half of the world’ s languages will have died.
Language activists and people who speak these endangered languages spare no effect to fight back. Scientists believe that digitalization might be our only hope to preserve some of these quickly disappearing languages in the online world.
For example, Oxford University Press launched Oxford Global Languages a few years ago, advocating “digitally underrepresented” languages. They are focused on promoting languages that might have close to a million speakers worldwide, but have little or no online presence. Therefore, they have been creating digital dictionaries as a fundamental building block to help preserve them.
There have been countless other projects like this with the same aim. Another is the Rosetta Project,which aims to create a handheld digital library that will carry more than 1,500 languages. It will be appropriately sized to fit nicely into our hands, and will come with around 13,000 pages of information. Projects like these have as their main goals to ensure the preservation of local languages long after their speakers have died.
Countless languages will continue to perish as the remaining speakers die. Of course, we cannot only rely on digitization to deal with worldwide languages loss. However, it is a step in the right direction. These digital tools offer endangered languages many opportunities to bounce back and survive.
1. What does the data in paragraph 1 mainly show?| A．Many languages are endangered. |
| B．Culture determines language development. |
| C．Human activity has an influence on languages. |
| D．Many linguists attempt to protect threatened languages. |
| A．Promote online courses of local languages. |
| B．Publish paper dictionaries of global languages. |
| C．Increase dying language speakers to a million. |
| D．Make certain languages available in digital form. |
| A．It is portable but very expensive. |
| B．It is sponsored by Oxford University Press. |
| C．It provides protection for linguistic diversity. |
| D．It contains automatically updated information. |
| A．Be enriched. | B．Be lost. | C．Be acquired. | D．Be invented. |
| A．To talk with the Spanish. | B．To work hard on her Spanish. | C．To watch Spanish news every day. |
| A．He is not interested in his English class. |
| B．He is not satisfied with his English. |
| C．He fails to pass the English test. |
Animators(动画片制作人) are bringing endangered native
